原创 熊卓 树我直言
美国总统特朗普签署301调查演讲
原创翻译：昭融汇利研究部 熊卓
总统：谢谢大家。我们为此准备了很久。大家已经听过很多很多关于我对“不公平贸易行为”的演讲，谈话和采访。在过去一段并不算长的时期，我们国家已经失去了6万个工厂 – 有些关门了，有些离开了（美国）。至少6百万份工作消失了。现在，他们开始逐步回归。你可以看看克莱斯勒，富士康，以及很多其他公司都想回到美国。
但我们有个特别的问题。我将他们视作朋友；我非常尊敬习主席。我们关系很好。他们在朝鲜问题上给了我们很大帮助。我说的“他们”就是中国。
但是，取决于如何计算，我们有5040亿美元的贸易逆差。现在有人说实际上是3750亿美元。尽管算法不同得出的贸易逆差数值会不同，但不管你怎么算，这都是有史以来全球任何一个国家拥有的最大贸易逆差。这简直是失控了。
我们的知识产权（IP）正在被人盗窃，这些知识产权大概值数千亿美元。而且这是按年来计算的。我已经跟习主席谈过了。我已经和中国的最高代表们谈过了。我们正在严肃地处理这个问题。
如你所知，我们正在重新协商NAFTA（北美自由贸易协定）。我们将会看到重新协商的结果。很多国家正在企求协定更好的贸易条款，因为他们不想付钢和铝的关税。我们正在和许多国家协商 – （特朗普意会）莱特希泽先生（美国贸易代表），罗斯先生（美国商务部长）。
我们正在和欧盟谈判，因为他们过去很大程度上把我们拒之门外。他们设立贸易壁垒– 他们可以跟我们做贸易，但我们不能跟他们做贸易。他们设立了很强的贸易壁垒。他们设置了很高的关税。而我们没有。这样不公平。
北美自由贸易协定对美国来说是很差条款，但我们要使（北美自由贸易协定）对我们更加有利，否则我们会采取些别的行动。我们和韩国的贸易协议是非常不公正的。这个贸易协议必须得到修正。
所以我们在做很多工作。特别是针对中国，我们将发起301贸易调查。这将涉及600亿美元，但这真的仅仅只是我们所谈的一小部分。
我一直在和中国最高层面的代表们谈，包括习主席，我已经要求他们立即减少1000亿美元的（美中）贸易逆差。这很多。这大概是现在贸易逆差的25%左右，主要看你如何去计算，也许比这个占比更多一点。但是我们必须要这样做。
我想用的词是“互惠”。当他们收取25%的汽车进口关税，我们只收2%的时候，这就很不好。这就是中国如何重建他们国家的。自从WTO成立以来，我们付出了很多巨额资金，这对我们来说完全是灾难。这对我们非常不公平。一些仲裁非常不公平。审判非常不公平。我们总是少数派，这很不公平。
所以我们正在和世贸组织谈，和北美自由贸易协定谈，和中国谈，和欧盟谈。而且我敢说他们中的每一个都想重新协商。而且我相信，在大多数情况下—也许所有情况下—我们会重新商定一个协议。
我已经和中国谈过了，我们正在进行一个非常大的谈判。让我们接下来看看会有什么结果。但在谈判同时，我们决定动用301调查。我马上就来签署301调查。我会让罗伯特·莱特希泽来讲讲301调查以及目前谈判的情况。
我们在为这个国家做一些很多年前都应该做完的事情。一直以来，我们都在被很多国家及国家组织不公正对待。这些国家组织联合起来的意义就是占我们便宜。我们不能容忍这种对待。我们要杜绝此类事情的发生。这也许就是我被选为总统的原因；或许是其中一个主要原因。我们不会让这种待遇继续发生。
我们目前与世界各国有8000亿美元的贸易赤字。但是想想，其中有3750-5000亿美元都是对中国的贸易逆差。这也就是说，中国占了一半还要多。所以我们要采取一些行动。而且，说个实话，（我们采取的行动）会让我们更加强大、更加富有。
关键词是“互惠”。我希望所有人都记住这个词。我们想要互惠 – 镜子（我想意思是像镜子反射一样，里外相同）。有些人称为镜像关税或镜像税收。但请用“互惠”这个词。如果他们向我们征税，我们就向他们征收相同的税。这才应该是正确的做法。但目前不是这样的。很多年来，几十年，都不是这样的。
所以我想说，正在和我们谈判的伙伴都笑着同意我们的想法。我真的相信他们不会认为他们可以长期占我们便宜。
我会和日本首相安倍及其他人谈-安倍是个不错的人，我的好友-他会露出笑容。这个笑容的意思是“我简直不能相信我们能够如此之久地占美国便宜”。所以这些日子将一去不复返。
贸易代表莱特希泽，谢谢你。
贸易代表莱特希泽：非常感谢，总统先生。首先，对不清楚301的人来说，301条款是一项法令，这项法令给予总统绝对权利去修正与贸易伙伴之间的不平等法案，条款，或行为。
这一次，不平等发生的领域是科技。科技可能是我国经济中最重要的部分。大约有4400万人在科技领域工作。没有哪个国家像美国有如此一个技术密集的行业。科技确确实实是美国经济的支柱。
考虑到这些问题，总统要求USTR(美国贸易代表办公室)进行一项调查研究。我们进行了一项彻底的调查。我们举行了听证会。我们浏览了数万页的文件。我们聊过了很多企业界人士。如我所说，我们收集到了证词。
我们的总结是中国实际上确有强制性技术转让的政策；以低于经济价值的价格使用技术许可；国家资本主义，他们以非经济方式在美国购买技术；最后是网络盗窃。
调查研究的结果如总统先生所分析—我们有200页的调查研究待发布—并且总统决定我们应该对特定产品征收关税—我待会可以解释我们是如何选取这些特定产品的；我们将限制中国在相关高科技领域的投资；我们会提起一项WTO诉讼。因为某项行为确实涉及了违反WTO规则。
这是一项极度重要的调查，对美国各行各业的未来都极其重要。我非常感谢总统先生能给我这个机会去实施这项调查。
总统：非常感谢，鲍勃。部长罗斯。
美国商务部长罗斯：知识产权是我们的未来，在今年6月份，美国专利商标局将颁发第一千万项专利—一千万项专利，这不是巧合。历史上没有哪个国家能够望其项背。
所以这次对钢铁和铝的调查多多少少是为了现在，而针对知识产权的调查是为了将来。所以我们在解决当前问题的同时也防微杜渐。这就是为什么这些调查及相互协调一致如此重要。在我看来，针对这些问题，我们将以谈判的形式解决，而非争斗。
总统：麦克·彭斯（美国副总统），想说点什么吗？
副总统：谢谢，总统先生以及所有尊贵的来宾。今天的调查发出了一个明确信号：这位总统以及这届政府下定决心把美国人的工作及美国工人放在第一位。
总统先生即将签署的301调查同时明确地表明“经济投降”的时代过去了。美国正在采取的有针对性和集中的调查不仅仅会保护美国人的工作，还会保护科技，因为科技将是未来几十年创新经济发展的动力。
这只是特朗普总统又一步兑现当初的承诺。
总统：我立刻就会签（301调查）。我想再次强调，我们正在进行一项非常重要且非常有积极意义的谈判。这对美国及其他国家都有着积极的意义。
部分商业领袖正站在我后面。我可以问Marillyn（洛克希德·马丁公司董事长）- 这个国家的女商业领袖。我们购买数十亿美元的美丽的F-35战机。隐形战机。你看不到。对吗？
Marillyn：是的，总统先生。
总统：最好是正确的。对吗？
Marillyn：当然。
总统：Marillyn，请讲两句。
Marillyn：谢谢，总统先生。我想说这一刻对我们国家非常重要。因为我们正在解决航空航天和国防行业的重要领域问题，也就是保护我们的知识产权。如前所述，如果我们公司的技术被盗窃，这将威胁到我们，因为这些技术是我们公司的命脉。
所以，我们非常欢迎川普总统及其政府的行动。谢谢。
总统：谢谢，Marillyn。
这是很多（行动）中的第一个。这是第一个，但这只是刚刚开始。（签署备忘录）
Diplomatic Room
12:45 P.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Well, thank you everybody. This has been long in the making. You’ve heard many, many speeches by me and talks by me, and interviews where I talk about unfair trade practices. We’ve lost, over a fairly short period of time, 60,000 factories in our country — closed, shuttered, gone. Six million jobs, at least, gone. And now they’re starting to come back. You see what’s happening with Chrysler, with Foxconn, with so many other companies wanting to come back into the United States.
But we have one particular problem. And I view them as a friend; I have tremendous respect for President Xi. We have a great relationship. They’re helping us a lot in North Korea. And that’s China.
But we have a trade deficit, depending on the way you calculate, of $504 billion. Now, some people would say it’s really $375 billion. Many different ways of looking at it, but any way you look at it, it is the largest deficit of any country in the history of our world. It’s out of control.
We have a tremendous intellectual property theft situation going on, which likewise is hundreds of billions of dollars. And that’s on a yearly basis. I’ve spoken to the President. I’ve spoken to representatives of China. We’ve been dealing with it very seriously.
As you know, we’re renegotiating NAFTA. We’ll see how that turns out. Many countries are calling to negotiate better trade deals because they don’t want to have to pay the steel and aluminum tariffs. And we are negotiating with various countries — Mr. Lighthizer, Mr. Ross.
We are just starting a negotiation with the European Union because they’ve really shut out our country to a large extent. They have barriers that — they can trade with us but we can’t trade with them. They’re very strong barriers. They have very high tariffs. We don’t. It’s just not fair.
NAFTA has been a very bad deal for the United States, but we’ll make it better or we’ll have to do something else. The deal we have with South Korea is a very one-sided deal. It’s a deal that has to be changed.
So we have a lot of things happening. But in particular, with China, we’re going to be doing a Section 301 trade action. It could be about $60 billion but that’s really just a fraction of what we’re talking about.
I’ve been speaking with the highest Chinese representatives, including the President, and I’ve asked them to reduce the trade deficit immediately by $100 billion. It’s a lot. So that would be anywhere from 25 percent, depending on the way you figure, to maybe something even more than that. But we have to do that.
The word that I want to use is “reciprocal.” When they charge 25 percent for a car to go in, and we charge 2 percent for their car to come into the United States, that’s not good. That’s how China rebuilt itself. The tremendous money that we’ve paid since the founding of the World Trade Organization — which has actually been a disaster for us. It’s been very unfair to us. The arbitrations are very unfair. The judging has been very unfair. And knowingly, we always have a minority and it’s not fair.
So we’re talking to World Trade, we’re talking to NAFTA, we’re talking to China, we’re talking to the European Union. And I will say, every single one of them wants to negotiate. And I believe that, in many cases — maybe all cases — we’ll end up negotiating a deal.
So we’ve spoken to China and we’re in the midst of a very large negotiation. We’ll see where it takes us. But in the meantime, we are sending a Section 301 action. I’ll be signing it right here, right now. I’d like to ask Bob Lighthizer to say a few words about the 301 and where we are in that negotiation.
And we’re doing things for this country that should have been done for many, many years. We’ve had this abuse by many other countries and groups of countries that were put together in order to take advantage of the United States, and we don’t want that to happen. We’re not going to let that happen. It’s probably one of the reasons I was elected; maybe one of the main reasons. But we’re not going to let that happen.
We have, right now, an $800 billion trade deficit with the world. So think of that. So let’s say we have 500 to 375, but let’s say we have 500 with China, but we have 800 total with the world. That would mean that China is more than half. So we’re going to get it taken care of. And, frankly, it’s going to make us a much stronger, much richer nation.
The word is “reciprocal.” That’s the word I want everyone to remember. We want reciprocal — mirror. Some people call it a mirror tariff or a mirror tax. Just use the word reciprocal. If they charge us, we charge them the same thing. That’s the way it’s got to be. That’s not the way it is. For many, many years — for many decades, it has not been that way.
And I will say, the people we’re negotiating with — smilingly, they really agree with us. I really believe they cannot believe they’ve gotten away with this for so long.
I’ll talk to Prime Minister Abe of Japan and others — great guy, friend of mine — and there will be a little smile on their face. And the smile is, “I can’t believe we’ve been able to take advantage of the United States for so long.” So those days are over.
Ambassador Lighthizer, thank you.
AMBASSADOR LIGHTHIZER: Well, thank you very much, Mr. President. First of all, for those of you who don’t know, Section 301 is a statute that gives substantial power, authority to the President to correct actions in certain circumstances where there’s unfair acts, policies, or practices by our trading partners.
In this case, the area is technology. Technology is probably the most important part of our economy. There’s 44 million people who work in high-tech knowledge areas. No country has as much technology-intensive industry as the United States. And technology is really the backbone of the future of the American economy.
Given these problems, the President asked USTR to conduct a study. We conducted a thorough study. We had hearings. We reviewed tens of thousands of pages of documents. We talked to many, many business people. We had testimony, as I say.
And we concluded that, in fact, China does have a policy of forced technology transfer; of requiring licensing at less than economic value; of state capitalism, wherein they go in and buy technology in the United States in non-economic ways; and then, finally, of cyber theft.
The result of this has been that the President has analyzed it — we have a 200-page study which we will put out — and he has concluded that we should put in place tariffs on appropriate products — we can explain later how we concluded what products they are; that we would put investment restrictions on China with respect to high technology; and that we’ll file a WTO case. Because one of the actions here does involve a WTO violation.
This is an extremely important action, very significant and very important for the future of the country, really, across industries. And I would really like to thank you very much, Mr. President, for giving me the opportunity to work on it.
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much, Bob. Secretary Ross.
SECRETARY ROSS: Intellectual property rights are our future, and it’s no accident that in June of this year, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office will issue its 10 millionth patent — 10 million patents. There’s no country in the history of the world that remotely approaches that.
So the steel and aluminum actions we’ve taken deal more or less with the present. This action on intellectual property rights deals with the future. So we’re trying to solve both today’s problem and problems that otherwise will be forthcoming. That’s why these actions are so important and so important in unison with each other. We will end up negotiating these things, rather than fighting over them, in my view.
THE PRESIDENT: Mike Pence, would you like to say something?
THE VICE PRESIDENT: Thank you, Mr. President, and to all our honored guests. Today’s action sends a clear message that this President and our entire administration are determined to put American jobs and American workers first.
The action the President will take today under Section 301 also makes it clear that the era of economic surrender is over. The United States of America is taking targeted and focused action to protect not only American jobs, but America’s technology, which will power and drive an innovation economy for decades to come.
It is just one more step of a promise made and a promise kept by President Trump.
THE PRESIDENT: So we’ll sign right now. I just want to let everybody know, just for a second time, that we are in the midst of very major and very positive negotiations. Positive for the United States and, actually, very positive for other countries also.
We have some of our great business leaders — and leaders, period — right behind me. I may ask Marillyn — Lockheed — the leading woman’s business executive in this country, according to many. And we buy billions and billions of dollars’ worth of that beautiful F-35. It’s stealth. You cannot see it. Is that correct?
MS. HEWSON: That’s correct, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT: Better be correct. Right?
MS. HEWSON: Absolutely.
THE PRESIDENT: Marillyn, please say a few words.
MS. HEWSON: Well, thank you, Mr. President. I would just say that this is a very important moment for our country, in that we are addressing what is a critical area for the aerospace and defense industry, and that is protecting our intellectual property. As has been expressed, that is a threat to us if we have that stolen from our companies, because that is the lifeblood of our companies.
And so, we very much welcome this action on the part of the Trump administration and the President of the United States. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, Marillyn.
This is the first of many. This is number one, but this is the first of many.
(The memorandum is signed.)
Thank you all very much. Marillyn. Thank you very much.
MS. HEWSON: Thank you, Mr. President.
Q Mr. President, would you still like to testify to the Special Counsel, Robert Mueller?
THE PRESIDENT: I would like to. I would like to.
END
12:58 P.M. EDT
网友评论