突然发现自己开发其实很少用到AsyncTask⁄(⁄ ⁄•⁄ω⁄•⁄ ⁄)在这里补上对它的源码分析
初见
在Android启蒙导师黑马程序员的视频中曾经听到过一句话，AsyncTask：轻量级的线程工具，方便快捷的实现工作线程到主线程的通信。
在翻看AsyncTask源码时一部分注释如下
/**
* <p>AsyncTask enables proper and easy use of the UI thread. This class allows you
* to perform background operations and publish results on the UI thread without
* having to manipulate threads and/or handlers.</p>
*
* <p>AsyncTask is designed to be a helper class around {@link Thread} and {@link Handler}
* and does not constitute a generic threading framework. AsyncTasks should ideally be
* used for short operations (a few seconds at the most.)
大意呢就是AsyncTask可以允许你在工作线程中发布结果到UI线程，但是它适合短时间操作最多几秒钟，嗨哟，这么傲娇，走了走了，还是滚去用RxJava算了，HandlerThread也行。
AsyncTask：别看注释吓人，我这样都没被淘汰，亲儿子啊~~
那我们再留下看看他还有什么话要说(;¬_¬)
使用
可以看到AsyncTask需要传入3个泛型参数
public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result>
依次代表传入工作线程的参数，进度回调，回调给UI线程的结果，艾玛，都有进度回调，这么一看好像很NB的样子。
我们随便写个AsyncTask看看
TestTask task = new TestTask();
task.execute(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
/**
* 测试
*/
class TestTask extends AsyncTask<Integer, Integer, String> {
private static final String TAG = "TestTask";
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
//预处理(UI线程)
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Integer... params) {
//必须实现，异步耗时任务(工作线程)
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i : params) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
sb.append(i);
}
Log.d(TAG, "doInBackground: " + sb.toString());
return sb.toString();
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
//进度回调（UI线程）
Log.d(TAG, "onProgressUpdate: " + values[0]);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
//回调给UI线程(UI线程)
Log.d(TAG, "onPostExecute: " + s);
}
}
过了一会果然输出了2行日志，进度什么的还是要自己来搞
doInBackground: 123456
onPostExecute: 123456
分析
那么我们来看看execute这个方法是在怎么启动的
//UI线程限定
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
看到这里，我们有了大概的思路，execute方法内部调用了默认的执行方法来执行，相对状态进行校验过后，将参数赋值后，执行方法，我们接下来先看看参数是在怎么赋值的，
mWorker.mParams = params;
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
Params[] mParams;
}
可以发现mWorker其实就就是简简单单一个实现Callback接口的静态内部类，里面存放参数，那么exec.execute(mFuture);呢，execute传递进去了一个默认的执行规则
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
//execute 默认
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
其中Executor是一个接口
public interface Executor {
void execute(Runnable command);
}
SerialExecutor，翻译出来叫做串行执行，我们来瞧瞧TA的实现
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
//双端队列，可以简单的理解成一个队列
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
//正在运行中的
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
//将一个runnable放置到队列末尾
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
//不考虑执行结果如何都会执行下一个任务
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
//第一次从这里开始执行任务
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
//从队列取出一个任务
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
//真正开始执行
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
看到这里，敢情SerialExecutor就是THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR的封装版，保证里面的runnable都是串行执行，名至实归，看到这里，笔者突然发现小小的AsyncTask中蕴含了不少的东西，那么我们完整的看下AsyncTask的构造器和成员变量
深入
//API25
public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {
//手机CPU数目
private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
//根据CPU来配置核心线程数目，每个编译版本可能不一样
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
//线程池最大的容纳数量
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
//空线程30s保活
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;
//配置线程池时，给每个线程名字命名
private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
}
};
//阻塞队列，限长128
private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);
//线程池的执行
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;
//静态代码块，全局都是这个线程池
static {
//将上述的参数作为构造参数传入
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
}
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
//消息的what
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
//回调的Handler
private static InternalHandler sHandler;
//实现Callback，存放参数
private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
//执行的具体方法
private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;
//记录状态
private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
//高比发下保证原子性操作，记录任务是否取消，是否执行
private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
//上文已有，省略。。。
}
public enum Status {
//等待执行
PENDING,
//执行中
RUNNING,
//结束
FINISHED,
}
public AsyncTask() {
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
//任务执行
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
//设置线程的优先级
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
//执行方法
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
//结果post
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
//相当于修饰者模式
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
//异常的情况下，将结果返回，一般执行不进去
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
}
每处地方笔者几乎都打上了注释，毕竟我就是那么的贴心，恩(°∀°)ﾉ，其中有几处细节
AsyncTask的线程池配置根据手机配置来的，缓冲队列默认是128，也就是说如果有一只4核的手机，那么根据如上API25的配置
- CPU_COUNT=4
- CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4)) = 4
- MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1 = 7
线程池中最大容纳7个线程，同时处理4个工作线程，满出来的放到BlockingQueue中，也就是128的数量限制，默认还是串行执行，如果工作线程过于密集，不仅会阻塞后续的线程，还有可能抛出RejectedExecutionException异常，被线程池拒绝，至此，前文的AsyncTask的注释提示适合短时间的任务也就揭开了面纱。
当后台任务完成会调用这个方法返回结果
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler() {
super(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
final AsyncTask mTask;
final Data[] mData;
AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
mTask = task;
mData = data;
}
}
通过InternalHandler来分发消息，然后对应执行mTask的相关回调方法
总结
综上所诉，AsyncTask驱动的其实是mFuture，本质也是一个Runnable；进度回调由我们自己调用publishProgress，工作线程限定
@WorkerThread
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
}
}
一遍源码看下来，AsyncTask其实是将一个异步任务分配到线程池中来执行，完成后通过Handler来分发的一个封装的库，由于默认的执行还是串行的，虽然支持多线程并行，但是不太适合高频的网络请求，适用于一些轻量的IO操作。
Ps：由于使用过程中带有一些坑，就偷懒不放调用流程图了
参考：
AsyncTask和AsyncTaskCompat源码解析
Android AsyncTask 源码解析
凡劳苦担重担的人可以到我这里来，我就使你们得安息。 (马太福音 11:28 和合本)
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