——如何阅读一本书笔记 9
Part 2 Analytical Reading
CH10 Criticizing a Book Fairly
这一章节，进入分析阅读的第三阶段。作者写的逻辑清晰，所以读起来特别有劲。
如何公正的评价一本书？
作者说：读书是一场对话。
对话是为了达成有利的结果，双方达成共识。对话的前提是充分的了解对方，使用一定的沟通技巧，消除误解，有理有据的提出自己的观点，为什么同意，为什么不同意。沟通不是为了争个你输我赢，分出高下，我们要避免争议，最终达到沟通的终极目标——解决问题。
作者深入浅出， 一步一步让我们明白为什么阅读不能止于理解作者的观点，学会公正的评价一本给书。
当你读完一本书，如果充分理解作者传达的知识和观点，那么你已经和作者站在同一个高度了。这时候你们之间进行交流，就如高手切磋武艺一样畅快淋漓，而你必定功力大增。
Words & Phrases (每日五词）
1. lip service
If you say that someone payslip serviceto an idea, you are critical of them because they say they are in favour of it, but they do not do anything to support
空口的应酬话；口惠
2.set yourself up as something
to claim to be something that you are not
Students who plainly do not know what the author is saying seem to have no hesitation in setting themselves up as his judges.
He sets himself up as some kind of financial expert.
3. show sb up
使难堪;使尴尬;使丢脸；If someone or something shows you up, they make you feel embarrassed or ashamed of them.Law a person who brings a case against another in a
If all he wants is the empty satisfaction of seeming to show the author up, the reader can get it readily.
4.contentious /kənˈtenʃəs/ adjective
causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial
（可能）引起争论的; 有争议性的：
5. adjure /əˈdʒʊə(r)/verb
formal urge or request (someone) solemnly or earnestly to do something
〈正式〉恳请, 祈求：
I adjure you to tell me the truth.
我恳请你告诉我真相。
Summary of chapter 10
Key words: teachability, critical judgment, rhetorical skill, contentiousness, knowledge and opinion
KEY WORDS OF CHAPTER 10
So far, the author have instructed us in the first and second stage of analytical reading.If you apply the rules stated in previous chapters in the course of reading, you should understand a book you are reading. But the activity of reading does not stop with the work of understanding what a book says. It must be completed by criticism.
In this chapter, the author tells us why and how to criticize a book fairly.
Two basic conditions of criticizing a book fairly:
teachability :Teachability is the ability that an active reader should have. Only the most teachable reader could finally respond to a book by great effort to make up his own mind on the the matter the author discussed.
rhetoric skill :Rhetoric skill is knowing how to react to anyone who tries to convince or persuade us.
There are three rules that instruct us to criticize a book fairly:
- Rule 9 : Before make any judgment, you should completely understand a book.
- Rule 10: When you disagree, please be reasonable.
- Rule 11: Respect the difference between knowledge and mere personal opinion, by giving reasons for any critical judgment you make.
感悟：
1.我们生活在一个沟通无处不在的大环境中，这一章作者虽然针对阅读而讲，却对我们的实际生活有巨大的帮助。
沟通的前提是什么，采用什么措辞，如何提出异议，如何对待异议，以及如何消除异议，到最终找解决方案等等，这一系列原则完全可以应用在我们日常的交流中，让我们生活更轻松，高效，甚至成为一个人见人爱，花见花开的人。哈哈，如果真的能做到，你一定是个交流高手，至少现在我不行。
我以前的老板是个加拿大人，有一次他语重心长得跟我说，“Maggie,你知道吗？你反应很快，但是有时候你反应太快，我的话还没说完，你就告诉我结果。我觉得你需要更多的时间思考再回答。” 在他眼里，我是个欠缺思考的人，因为我没有经过思考就回答他的问题，甚至没有足够的理由来支撑我的回答。这是他给我上的非常重要的一课。正如作者在书中所说，
Do not begin to talk back until you have listened carefully and are sure you understand.
2.关于 Rhetoric skill的理解
昨天晚上读完the Role of Rhetoric 这一段，躺在床上，反复思考这个关键的Term - rhetoric用中文该怎么定义。早上起来的时候，觉得用似乎措辞比修辞更容易理解
作者是这么定义rhetorical skill
“Reciprocally, on the part of the reader or listener, rhetorical skill is knowing how to react to anyone who tries to convince or persuade us”
希望大家一起讨论。
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