《如何阅读一本书》笔记6
Part 2 Analytical Reading
CH7X-raying a book
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一本好书，封面之下，必定有清晰的脉络
读完第七章，你已经站上分析阅读的第一个台阶——抓住一本书的主旨和结构。
Words & Phrases (每日五词）
1. colloquial /kəˈləʊkwɪəl/adjective
原文：But there is another, more colloquial sense of “about”.
(of language) used in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary
（语言）用于日常交谈的, 口语的; 非正式的, 非文学的。
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这个词看一眼就可以记住,因为词根都很熟悉
前缀co- ： together
词根-loqu： speak
2. set forth
原文：Let us turn now to the other structural rule, the rule that requires us to set forth the major parts of the book in their order and relation.
阐述，陈述，说明；If youset fortha number of facts, beliefs, or arguments, you explain them in writing or speech in a clear, organized way.
3. awry /əˈraɪ/adverb & adjective
原文：The best-laid plans of authors, like those of mice and other men, often go awry.
能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词] 出岔子的;出错的；If something goesawry, it does not happen in the way it was planned.
4.discrepancy/dɪsˈkrepənsɪ/noun
原文：In proportion as either of you falls away from perfection, all sorts of discrepancies will inevitably result.
an illogical or surprising lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts
悬殊, 迥异, 差异, 不符
5. reciprocal /rɪˈsɪprəkəl/adjective
互相的；相应的；互惠的；Areciprocalaction or agreement involves two people or groups who do the same thing to each other or agree to help each another in a similar way.
Summary of chapter 7
X-raying a Book
What’s the book aboutas a whole?
Thefour rulesstated in chapter 6 and 7 will help you find the answers .The four rulesisthe first stage of analytical reading. Following the four rules, you will grasp the theme and the structure of a book. Here are the four rules.
rule 1 : You must know what kind of book you are reading, and you should know this as early in the process as possible, preferably before you begin to read.
rule 2: State the unity of the whole book in a single sentence, or at most a few sentences (a short paragraph).
rule 3:Set forth the major parts of the book, and show how these are organized into a whole, by being ordered to one another and to the unity of the whole.
rule 4: Find out what the author’s problems were.
The author tells us that the four rules are connected and form a group of rules which have a single aim.Although you could find the outline from the author of a book, you’d better make your outline. Only in this way, you could understand the theme clearly, or you are in the risk of knowing the theme, but not understanding.
Rule 4 could also help you discover the theme and structure of a book by asking theoretical and practical questions like:
- Does something exist?
- What kind of thing is it?
- What caused it to exit?
- Why does it exit?
- what ends should be sought?
- What means should be chosen to a give end?
...
感悟：
作者说，一本好书，必定是主题统一，清晰，连贯。作者写书的过程是先有骨架，再填血肉。而读者读书的过程恰恰是剥去血肉，寻找骨架的过程。阅读的过程是与作者沟通的过程，读者只有发现作者隐藏在血肉之下的骨架，才能与作者进行更深的交流。
运用四个法则，可以找到一本书的主题和框架。四法则除了可以运用到到整本书寻找框架，也可以运用到论述性书籍的独立篇章和段落。比如读《如何阅读一本书》的时候，我们写章节summary的过程就是运用4法则的一个过程。Summary可以以作者的目录框架写，最好的写法是运用自己的思路，这才是提升过程。
作者说读完一本书，你应该可以用一句话或很少的几句话概括全书。反思上月写的《烂灿千阳》复盘笔记，真是汗颜。现在在回过头看，七七八八写一堆，却连故事概要都没有精简地写出来。
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