![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i23635375/96ab3e9ef871d5dc.jpg)
这两天在学习pytest,之前有小用到pytest,觉得这个测试框架很灵巧,用在实现接口自动化(pytest+requests)非常的轻便,然后很有兴致的决定学习下,然后又发现了pytest-selenium这么个神奇的东东,加上pytest-rerunfailures失败case自动执行,pytest-html完美测试报告生成,完全就解决了我的selenium测试中的难点,仔细研读了下pytest的英文文档,发现这个框架和丰富的plugins真的很好用,所以决心仔细研究下pytest,下面就开始pytest的学习吧。
(一)介绍
pytest是一个非常成熟的全功能的Python测试框架,主要特点有以下几点:1、简单灵活,容易上手;2、支持参数化;3、能够支持简单的单元测试和复杂的功能测试,还可以用来做selenium/appnium等自动化测试、接口自动化测试(pytest+requests);4、pytest具有很多第三方插件,并且可以自定义扩展,比较好用的如pytest-selenium(集成selenium)、pytest-html(完美html测试报告生成)、pytest-rerunfailures(失败case重复执行)、pytest-xdist(多CPU分发)等;5、测试用例的skip和xfail处理;6、可以很好的和jenkins集成;
(二)安装
pip install -U pytest
pip install -U pytest-html
pip install -U pytest-rerunfailures
此外还有很多很好的第三方插件,请到http://plugincompat.herokuapp.com/ 和 https://pypi.python.org/pypi?%3Aaction=search&term=pytest-&submit=search 查找
(三)例子
这里列几个pytest-document中的例子
1、默认执行当前目录下的所有以test_为前缀(test_*.py)或以_test为后缀(*_test.py)的文件中以test_为前缀的函数
import pytest
# content of test_sample.py
def func(x):
return x + 1
def test_answer():
assert func(3) == 5
运行 py.test 或 指定特定文件 py.test -q test_sample.py
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i23635375/7df1b34dd7ba7b62.png)
2、使用类来组成多个用例的
import pytest
# content of test_class.py
class TestClass:
def test_one(self):
x = "this"
assert 'h' in x
def test_two(self):
x = "hello"
assert hasattr(x, 'check')
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i23635375/a76955f44f137994.png)
3、在python中调用pytest: python test_class.py
import pytest
# content of test_class.py
class TestClass:
def test_one(self):
print 'one'
x = "this"
assert 'h' in x
def test_two(self):
print 'two'
x = "hello"
assert hasattr(x, 'check')
if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main("-q --html=a.html")
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i23635375/eba891b2e0ead0ba.png)
4、来个支持参数化的例子,参数化使用pytest.mark.parametrize的参数,第一个为变量的元组,第二个是变量赋值的元组列表,具体下面的章节会仔细介绍
# content of test_time.py
import pytest
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
testdata = [
(datetime(2001, 12, 12), datetime(2001, 12, 11), timedelta(1)),
(datetime(2001, 12, 11), datetime(2001, 12, 12), timedelta(-1)),
]
@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b,expected", testdata)
def test_timedistance_v0(a, b, expected):
diff = a - b
assert diff == expected
@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b,expected", testdata, ids=["forward", "backward"])
def test_timedistance_v1(a, b, expected):
diff = a - b
assert diff == expected
def idfn(val):
if isinstance(val, (datetime,)):
# note this wouldn't show any hours/minutes/seconds
return val.strftime('%Y%m%d')
@pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b,expected", testdata, ids=idfn)
def test_timedistance_v2(a, b, expected):
diff = a - b
assert diff == expected
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i23635375/580bd4eaa4b99a2e.png)
以上对pytest做了入门的介绍,下一节再对pytest中的重点内容做介绍
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