原文地址：https://alphahinex.github.io/2022/07/17/apache-bench/
description: "简单易用的 HTTP 服务性能测试工具"
date: 2022.07.17 10:34
categories:
- Test
tags: [HTTP, Java]
keywords: Apache Bench, ab, test
ApacheBench 简称 ab，是 Apache HTTP Server 中的一个性能测试工具，可单独安装，在命令行中直接使用，可基于 HTTP 接口对任意 HTTP 服务器进行性能测试，得到每秒请求数（RPS）、平均请求响应时间等性能指标。
安装
Ubuntu/Debian
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install -y apache2-utils
CentOS/Readhat/Fedora
$ yum install httpd-tools
MacOS
MacOS 中自带此工具，可在终端中执行 ab -V 查看版本信息。
若系统版本较旧没有自带此工具，可参照下面的 gist 脚本进行编译安装：
# ATTENTION PLEASE!
# NOTE BY @riwazp7
# Note for future visitors of this gist: Mac OS has Apache Benchmark by default ab --help
curl -OL http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/libtool/libtool-2.4.2.tar.gz
tar -xzf libtool-2.4.2.tar.gz
cd libtool-2.4.2
./configure && make && sudo make install
# brew install 'https://raw.github.com/simonair/homebrew-dupes/e5177ef4fc82ae5246842e5a544124722c9e975b/ab.rb'
# brew test ab
curl -O https://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2
tar zxvf httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2
cd httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2
./configure && make && make install
Windows
Windows 下想使用 ab 时，可从 官方文档 中链接的一些提供 Apache HTTP Server 二进制发布包下载的站点下载压缩包，并在解压后将 bin/ab.exe 文件提取至目标机器使用即可。
或使用从 Apache Lounge 下载的 Apache 2.4.54 Win64 包中提取的这个 ab.exe。下载后运行前注意检查文件 md5 值：02bd1adc173c5b21172a6babaef3009f 。
使用
查看版本：
$ ab -V
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1879490 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
基本用法：ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
查看参数：
$ ab -h
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
-n requests Number of requests to perform
-c concurrency Number of multiple requests to make at a time
-t timelimit Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
This implies -n 50000
-s timeout Seconds to max. wait for each response
Default is 30 seconds
-b windowsize Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
-B address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
-p postfile File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
-u putfile File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
-T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
Default is 'text/plain'
-v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print
-w Print out results in HTML tables
-i Use HEAD instead of GET
-x attributes String to insert as table attributes
-y attributes String to insert as tr attributes
-z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes
-C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
-H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use
-V Print version number and exit
-k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
-d Do not show percentiles served table.
-S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-q Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
-l Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
-g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filename Output CSV file with percentages served
-r Don't exit on socket receive errors.
-m method Method name
-h Display usage information (this message)
-I Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension
-Z ciphersuite Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
-f protocol Specify SSL/TLS protocol
(TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)
-E certfile Specify optional client certificate chain and private key
示例
100 并发，持续 120 秒，添加两个 cookie 属性：
$ ab -t 120 -c 100 \
-C 'XSRF-TOKEN=xxxx-xxxx' \
-C 'SESSION=XXXX' \
'http://foo/bar'
100 并发，发送 1200 个请求，用 POST 方法发送 msg.json 文件，指定 Content-Type，通过 Header 添加 Cookie 及 Accept 属性：
$ ab -n 1200 -c 100 \
-p /path/to/msg.json \
-T application/json \
-H 'Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*' \
-H 'Cookie: XSRF-TOKEN=xxxx-xxxx; SESSION=XXXX' \
'http://foo/bar'
结果说明
使用 ab 执行性能测试后得到的结果如下：
$ ab -t 120 -c 5 -p msg.json -T application/json http://foo/bar
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking foo (be patient)
Finished 1596 requests
Server Software: Unknown
Server Hostname: foo
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /bar
Document Length: 884 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 120.057 seconds
Complete requests: 1596
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 1959888 bytes
Total body sent: 1212800
HTML transferred: 1410864 bytes
Requests per second: 13.29 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 376.119 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 75.224 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 15.94 [Kbytes/sec] received
9.87 kb/s sent
25.81 kb/s total
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 1 2 35.9 1 1017
Processing: 324 372 49.2 361 957
Waiting: 324 372 49.2 361 957
Total: 325 374 60.6 362 1383
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 362
66% 369
75% 373
80% 377
90% 393
95% 465
98% 568
99% 579
100% 1383 (longest request)
主要关注的指标为 每秒请求数（Requests per second）和 请求平均响应时间（第一个 Time per request）。
结果里有两个 Time per request 指标：
- 第一个指标的计算公式为
concurrency * timetaken * 1000 / done，timetaken的单位是秒，可以理解为用户所感受到的这个请求的响应时间（毫秒） - 第二个指标的计算公式为
timetaken * 1000 / done，是指在多并发的场景下，服务器处理完这些（done个）请求所花费的平均时间（毫秒）
各项指标的详细说明，可见 官方文档。
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