考研阅读计划11——1988 Translation

写在前面

Hi，我是新海，一个正在备战的考研人。
最近需要进行大量的考研专项阅读，于是萌生了一个翻译计划，准备翻译1986——2018年所有阅读，通过大量的阅读训练来熟悉考研单词，短语以及语法，更深刻理解考研阅读。

下面是我的第11篇，所有中文释义，均是由本人整理翻译，当然也有不够完善的地方，欢迎大家评论补充。

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Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient.
接待员坐在一家纽约公司的前台后面，办事效率很高。

Stylishly dressed, the firm’s newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease.
这家公司最新的员工衣着时尚，有着令人愉快的电话声音和自然的魅力，使顾客感到轻松自在。

The company was pleased: Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance. David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique.
公司很高兴：显然，这是一个为个人外表而自豪的人。接待员David King是个不同寻常的人，但绝不是独一无二的。

• considerable相当大的; 该注意的，应考虑的
• pride in以…为傲
• personal appearance个人公开露面
• receptionist接待员

Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women. The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they haven’t attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.
就像所有的卡车司机和建筑工人不再一定是男性一样，所有的秘书和接待员也不再是女性了。在女性占主导地位的领域里，男性的数量仍然很少，而且她们没有引起人们经常关注女性进入男性占主导地位的领域，但是男性正在从事越来越多的传统上由女性担任的工作。

• Just as正如; 正像; 犹如
• no longer不再，已不
• secretaries秘书( secretary的名词复数 ); 大臣; 秘书官; 草书体大号铅字
• receptionists接待员( receptionist的名词复数 )
• attracted吸引( attract的过去式和过去分词 ); 使喜爱; 引起…的好感; 具有吸引力
• advancing推进; 进步; 提前; 超前; 促进; 提高; 前进( advance的现在分词 ); 发展
• male-dominated男人主宰的，男权占主导地位的
• traditionally传统上，传说上

Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new. For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social work and elementary education. But today no job seems off-limits. Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes.
严格说来，这种现象并不新鲜。在过去的几十年里，男性一直在悄然进入护理、社会工作和基础教育等领域。但今天似乎没有任何工作被禁止。男人在办公室里为咖啡服务，在飞机上吃饭。

• Strictly speaking严格来说; 严格说来
• phenomenon现象，事件; 奇迹; 非凡的人
• have been已经
• quietly平静地; 静止地; 轻声地; 在暗中
• such as诸如; 像， 例如; 譬如
• social work社会福利工作; 社会服务
• elementary education初等教育
• off-limits禁止进入的
• meals餐( meal的名词复数 ); 进餐时间; 一餐所吃的食物; 谷物粗粉
• airplanes<美>飞机( airplane的名词复数 )

These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can do -- but they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women.
这些变化正在帮助影响一些关于男女能够从事的工作类型的长期传统——但是对于进入以前由女性主导的领域的男性来说，它们也产生了一些不可否认的问题。

• long-standing长期存在的; 存在已久的; 可长期存在的
• traditions惯例; 传统( tradition的名词复数 )
• types of各种类型的; 型态
• men and women男女；男男女女
• undeniable无可争辩的; 不可否认的，无法抵赖的; 确实优秀的; 无可疵议的
• entering参加; 进入( enter的现在分词 ); 进去; 登记
• formerly原来，原先; 以前，从前; 刚才; 先头
• dominated受控的;

What kinds of men venture into these so-called “women’s fields”? All kinds. “I don’t know of any definite answers I’d be comfortable with,” explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D., of the Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women.
什么样的男人冒险进入这些所谓的“女人场”？各种各样。“我不知道任何确定的答案，我会感到舒服，”约瑟夫普莱克，博士解释韦尔斯利学院妇女研究中心。

• kinds of各种各样的
• venture into冒险进入
• so-called所谓的，号称的
• know of知道，听说
• definite明确的; 一定的; 肯定; 有把握
• be comfortable美劲儿
• explains讲解，解释( explain的第三人称单数 ); 说明…的原因，辩解; 说明，解释，辩解
• Ph.D.Doctor of Philosophy 哲学博士; Philosophiae Doctor 哲学博士
• Wellesley College维斯理学院
• Research on研究， 探讨…

Sam Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker. “I found that work very interesting.” he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical.
例如，山姆·奥蒙特，波士顿一家医院的一名三十岁的护士，因为军队把他训练成一名医务工作者，所以进入了护理行业。“我发现这项工作非常有趣，”他回忆道，“当我离开服务机构时，我似乎很自然地去做一些医学方面的工作。
I wasn’t really interested in becoming a doctor.” Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.
“我真的不想当医生。”35岁的失业演员大卫·金找到了一份接待员的工作，因为他在百老汇戏剧中登陆角色有困难，需要付房租。

• for example例如， 譬如; 拿 ... 来说
• went into从事，讨论，进入
• medical worker医务工作者; 白衣战士
• very interesting饶有风趣
• got out of避免，使说出
• for me就我来说
• go into进入; 从事; 调查
• interested in对…感兴趣
• out-of-work不工作的，停止不用的

In other words, men enter “female” jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work. But similarities often end there. Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous.
换言之，男性从事“女性”工作是出于对个人利益和经济必要性的考虑，而这些因素会激励任何求职者。但相似之处往往在那里结束。男性占主导地位的工作是显著的。
As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact.
作为一个群体，她们的工作经历在很多方面与她们的女同事不同，并且她们经常受到与她们有专业联系的人的不同对待。

• In other words换句话说; 就是说

• out of由于; 用…; 自…离开; 得自

• personal interest个人利益

• motivates作为…的动机，激发，诱发( motivate的第三人称单数 )

• similarities的复数形式; 类似( similarity的名词复数 ); 相像性; 相仿性; 类似性

• conspicuous明显的; 显而易见的; 惹人注意的; 显目

• As a group作为整体; 总的来说

• histories经历; 历史( history的名词复数 ); 历史学; 历史课

• differ in不同于; 在不同

• Put simply简而言之

• masculine男子气概的; 阳性的，雄性的; 男性化的，像男人的; 男性; 阳性; 阳性词

• a line一行; 不育系，支座 反力影响线

• ridicule嘲笑; 嘲弄; 奚落; 戏弄; 取笑; 嘲笑，嘲弄，奚落; 使…受嘲笑

“There was kidding in the beginning,” recalls Ormont. “Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say ‘A nurse,’ they laugh at me. I just smile and say, ‘You know, there are female doctors, too.’”
“开始有玩笑，”奥蒙特回忆道。“从学校来的孩子问我是什么，当我说‘护士’时，他们嘲笑我。我只是微笑着说：“你知道，也有女医生。”

• in the beginning起初，首先

Still, there are encouraging signs. Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses. Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male.
尽管如此，还是有令人鼓舞的迹象。多年前，男小学教师和男护士一样少。如今六岁以上的小学教师是男性。
Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women -- or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows? It’s probably coming -- but not very soon.
我们能否预料到一天，秘书人员男女比例会相等，或者一提到男护士，就不会眉头紧锁？很可能会来，但不是很快。

• elementary school小学
• very soon不久; 俄; 俄顷

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写在最后

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作者：新海
11月16日午