iOS FMDB使用与缓存数据

作者: iOS_成才录 | 来源:发表于2015-11-12 19:28 被阅读14635次

    一、FMDB简介

    • 什么是FMDB
      • FMDB是iOS平台SQLite数据库 框架
      • FMDB以面向OC的方式封装了SQLite的C语言API
    • FMDB优点

      • 使用起来更加面向对象,省去了很多麻烦、冗余的C语言代码
      • 对比苹果自带的Core Data框架,更加轻量级和灵活
      • 提供了多线程安全的数据库操作方法,有效地防止数据混乱
    • FMDB的github地址

    • 核心类

      • FMDatabase
      • 一个FMDatabase对象就代表一个单独的SQLite数据库
      • 用来执行SQL语句
      • FMDatabase这个类是线程不安全的,如果在多个线程中同时使用一个FMDatabase实例,会造成数据混乱等问题
      • 为了保证线程安全,FMDB提供方便快捷的FMDatabaseQueue类
      • FMResultSet
      • 使用FMDatabase执行查询后的结果集
      • FMDatabaseQueue
      • 用于在多线程中执行多个查询或更新,它是线程安全的
    // FMDatabaseQueue的创建
    FMDatabaseQueue *queue = 
    
    [FMDatabaseQueue databaseQueueWithPath:path];
    [queue inDatabase:^(FMDatabase*db) {
       [db executeUpdate:@"INSERTINTO t_student(name)VALUES (?)",@"Jack"];
       [db executeUpdate:@"INSERTINTO t_student(name)VALUES (?)",@"Rose"];
       [db executeUpdate:@"INSERTINTO t_student(name)VALUES (?)",@"Jim"];
       
       FMResultSet*rs= [dbexecuteQuery:@"select* from t_student"];
       while([rsnext]) {
            // …
       }
    }];
        ```
    
    + 注意:打开数据库,文件路径有三种情况
        - 具体文件路径:如果不存在会自动创建
        - 空字符串@"":会在临时目录创建一个空的数据库,当FMDatabase连接关闭时,数据库文件也被删除‘ 
        - nil:会创建一个内存中临时数据库,当FMDatabase连接关闭时,数据库会被销毁
    
      ```objc
    // 通过指定SQLite数据库文件路径来创建FMDatabase对象
    FMDatabase*db= [FMDatabase databaseWithPath:path];
    if (![dbopen]) {
       NSLog(@"数据库打开失败!");
    }
    
    • 在FMDB中,除查询以外的所有操作,都称为“更新”:create、drop、insert、update、delete等
    // 使用executeUpdate:方法执行更新
    - (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql, ...
    - (BOOL)executeUpdateWithFormat:(NSString*)format,...
    - (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sqlwithArgumentsInArray:(NSArray*)arguments
    
    • 执行查询
    - (FMResultSet*)executeQuery:(NSString*)sql, ...
    - (FMResultSet*)executeQueryWithFormat:(NSString*)format,...
    - (FMResultSet*)executeQuery:(NSString*)sqlwithArgumentsInArray:(NSArray*)arguments
    

    二、CoreData 与 FMDB

    • coreData:自动生成SQL语句,不能自己设置,个性化的、优化的等SQL语句不能实现
    • FMDB:可以自己定制不同的SQL语句,扩展性好

    三、FMDB实例 基本使用

    • 1.导入FMDB框架到项目中
    • 2.使用FMDB
    
    
    # 二、增删改查
    + 数据库操作都放在queue中的,queue中操作database,线程是安全的
    
    ```objc
    #import "JPViewController.h"
    #import "FMDB.h"
    
    @interface JPViewController ()
    @property (nonatomic, strong) FMDatabase *db;
    @end
    
    @implementation JPViewController
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad
    {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        
        // 1.获得数据库文件的路径
        NSString *doc = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
        NSString *filename = [doc stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"students.sqlite"];
        
        // 2.得到数据库
        FMDatabase *db = [FMDatabase databaseWithPath:filename];
        
        // 3.打开数据库
        if ([db open]) {
            // 4.创表
            BOOL result = [db executeUpdate:@"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t_student (id integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name text NOT NULL, age integer NOT NULL);"];
            if (result) {
                NSLog(@"成功创表");
            } else {
                NSLog(@"创表失败");
            }
        }
        
        self.db = db;
    }
    
    - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
    {
        [self delete];
        [self insert];
        [self query];
    }
    
    - (void)insert
    {
        for (int i = 0; i<10; i++) {
            NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"jack-%d", arc4random_uniform(100)];
            // executeUpdate : 不确定的参数用?来占位,参数都必须是对象
            [self.db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_student (name, age) VALUES (?, ?);", name, @(arc4random_uniform(40))];
    //        [self.db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_student (name, age) VALUES (?, ?);" withArgumentsInArray:@[name, @(arc4random_uniform(40))]]; // ?方式,参数要是对象,不是对象要包装为对象
            
            // executeUpdateWithFormat : format方式拼接,不确定的参数用%@、%d等来占位
    //        [self.db executeUpdateWithFormat:@"INSERT INTO t_student (name, age) VALUES (%@, %d);", name, arc4random_uniform(40)];
    // 注意:如果直接写%@不用加单引号两边,会自动加单引号两边,如果'jack_%d'的两边不加单引号就会报错,所以要注意
         [self.db executeUpdateWithFormat:@"INSERT INTO t_student (name, age) VALUES ('jack_%d', %d);", name, arc4random_uniform(40)]; 
        }
    }
    
    - (void)delete
    {
    //    [self.db executeUpdate:@"DELETE FROM t_student;"];
        [self.db executeUpdate:@"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t_student;"];
        [self.db executeUpdate:@"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t_student (id integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name text NOT NULL, age integer NOT NULL);"];
    }
    
    - (void)query
    {
        // 1.执行查询语句
        FMResultSet *resultSet = [self.db executeQuery:@"SELECT * FROM t_student"];
        
        // 2.遍历结果
        while ([resultSet next]) {
            int ID = [resultSet intForColumn:@"id"];
            NSString *name = [resultSet stringForColumn:@"name"];
            int age = [resultSet intForColumn:@"age"];
            NSLog(@"%d %@ %d", ID, name, age);
        }
    }
    @end
    
    +  事务操作
    
    ```objc
    #import "JPViewController.h"
    #import "FMDB.h" // 导入头文件
    
    @interface JPViewController ()
    @property (nonatomic, strong) FMDatabaseQueue *queue;
    @end
    
    @implementation JPViewController
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad
    {
        [super viewDidLoad];
        
        // 1.获得数据库文件的路径
        NSString *doc = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
        NSString *filename = [doc stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"persons.sqlite"];
        
        // 2.得到数据库
        FMDatabaseQueue *queue = [FMDatabaseQueue databaseQueueWithPath:filename];
        
        // 3.打开数据库
        [queue inDatabase:^(FMDatabase *db) {
            // 4.创表
            BOOL result = [db executeUpdate:@"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t_person (id integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name text NOT NULL, age integer NOT NULL);"];
            if (result) {
                NSLog(@"成功创表");
            } else {
                NSLog(@"创表失败");
            }
        }];
        
        self.queue = queue;
    }
    
    // 事务操作:错误会回滚
    - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
    {
    //    [self.queue inDatabase:^(FMDatabase *db) {
    //        [db beginTransaction];
    //        
    //        [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person (name, age) VALUES (?, ?);", @"jake", @30];
    //        [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person (name, age) VALUES (?, ?);", @"jake", @30];
    //        [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person (name, age) VALUES (?, ?);", @"jake", @30];
    //        [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person (name, age) VALUES (?, ?);", @"jake", @30];
    //        
    //        [db commit];
    //    }];
        
    //    [self.queue inTransaction:^(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback) {
    //        [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person (name, age) VALUES (?, ?);", @"jake", @30];
    //        [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person (name, age) VALUES (?, ?);", @"jake", @30];
    //        [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person (name, age) VALUES (?, ?);", @"jake", @30];
    //        [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_person (name, age) VALUES (?, ?);", @"jake", @30];
    //    }];
        
      
    }
    @end
    

    四、FMDB缓存数据

    #import "JPStatusTool.h"
    #import "JPHttpTool.h"
    #import "MJExtension.h"
    #import "FMDB.h"
    #import "JPStatus.h"
    
    @implementation JPStatusTool
    
    /** 数据库实例 */
    static FMDatabase *_db;
    
    + (void)initialize
    {
        // 1.获得数据库文件的路径
        NSString *doc = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
        NSString *filename = [doc stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"status.sqlite"];
        
        // 2.得到数据库
        _db = [FMDatabase databaseWithPath:filename];
        
        // 3.打开数据库
        if ([_db open]) {
            // 4.创表
            BOOL result = [_db executeUpdate:@"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t_home_status (id integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, access_token text NOT NULL, status_idstr text NOT NULL, status_dict blob NOT NULL);"];
            if (result) {
                NSLog(@"成功创表");
            } else {
                NSLog(@"创表失败");
            }
        }
    }
    
    + (void)homeStatusesWithParam:(JPHomeStatusesParam *)param success:(void (^)(JPHomeStatusesResult *))success failure:(void (^)(NSError *))failure
    {
    //    param.count = @5;
        
        // 从数据库中读取(加载)缓存数据(微博模型数组)
        NSArray *cachedHomeStatuses = [self cachedHomeStatusesWithParam:param];
        if (cachedHomeStatuses.count != 0) { // 有缓存数据
            if (success) {
                JPHomeStatusesResult *result = [[JPHomeStatusesResult alloc] init];
                result.statuses = cachedHomeStatuses;
                success(result);
            }
        } else { // 没有缓存数据
            NSDictionary *params = [param keyValues];
            
            [JPHttpTool get:@"https://api.weibo.com/2/statuses/home_timeline.json" params:params success:^(id responseObj) {
                // 新浪返回的字典数组
                NSArray *statusDictArray = responseObj[@"statuses"];
                
                // 缓存微博字典数组
                [self saveHomeStatusDictArray:statusDictArray accessToken:param.access_token];
                
                if (success) {
                    JPHomeStatusesResult *result = [JPHomeStatusesResult objectWithKeyValues:responseObj];
                    success(result);
                }
            } failure:^(NSError *error) {
                if (failure) {
                    failure(error);
                }
            }];
        }
    }
    
    /**
     *  通过请求参数去数据库中加载对应的微博数据
     *
     *  @param param 请求参数
     */
    + (NSArray *)cachedHomeStatusesWithParam:(JPHomeStatusesParam *)param
    {
        // 创建数组缓存微博数据
        NSMutableArray *statuses = [NSMutableArray array];
        
        // 根据请求参数查询数据
        FMResultSet *resultSet = nil;
        if (param.since_id) {
            resultSet = [_db executeQuery:@"SELECT * FROM t_home_status WHERE access_token = ? AND status_idstr > ? ORDER BY status_idstr DESC limit ?;", param.access_token, param.since_id, param.count];
        } else if (param.max_id) {
            resultSet = [_db executeQuery:@"SELECT * FROM t_home_status WHERE access_token = ? AND status_idstr <= ? ORDER BY status_idstr DESC limit ?;", param.access_token, param.max_id, param.count];
        } else {
            resultSet = [_db executeQuery:@"SELECT * FROM t_home_status WHERE access_token = ? ORDER BY status_idstr DESC limit ?;", param.access_token, param.count];
        }
        
        // 遍历查询结果
        while (resultSet.next) {
            NSData *statusDictData = [resultSet objectForColumnName:@"status_dict"];
            NSDictionary *statusDict = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:statusDictData];
            // 字典转模型
            JPStatus *status = [JPStatus objectWithKeyValues:statusDict];
            // 添加模型到数组中
            [statuses addObject:status];
        }
        
        return statuses;
    }
    
    /**
     *  缓存微博字典数组到数据库中
     */
    + (void)saveHomeStatusDictArray:(NSArray *)statusDictArray accessToken:(NSString *)accessToken
    {
        for (NSDictionary *statusDict in statusDictArray) {
            // 把statusDict字典对象序列化成NSData二进制数据
            NSData *data = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:statusDict];
            [_db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_home_status (access_token, status_idstr, status_dict) VALUES (?, ?, ?);",
             accessToken, statusDict[@"idstr"], data];
        }
    }
    @end
    

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