英语奥林匹克c类丛书笔记
本系列根据大英赛官方指定竞赛书的内容对重点知识进行收纳整理
准备19年4月份的大英赛,必胜!!!
重点单词大纲

1.accommodation [əˌkɒm.ə'deɪ.ʃən]
用法:
1)用作不可数名词,”住所,住处“
2)复数,accommodations表示“住宿;膳宿”
3)可数名词,“和解;调和”
»They were forced to reach an accommodation with the rebels.他们被迫与叛乱分子达成调解协议。

2.afflict \ə-ˈflikt\
中义:vt.使痛苦,折磨
英义:If you are afflicted by pain, illness, or disaster, it affects you badly and makes you suffer.
用法:作动词,表示因为受到病痛或精神的折磨而痛苦
例句: About 40% of the country's population is afflictedwith the disease.
扩展:affliction n.折磨,可以作为可数和不可数名词。afflictive adj.使人苦恼的,折磨的。

3.alternate [ˈɒl.tə.neɪt]
中义:v.轮流,交替 adj.两种事物交替的,相间隔的
用法:
1)可及物和不及物动词,”间隔着穿插“
2)可形容词,“互相交替的”“可供选择的”
例句:
Lesley had agreed to Jim going skiing in alternate years.
He alternated working in the office with long tours overseas.他在办公室工作一段时间后就会安排一次海外长途旅行。
扩展:
alternative adj.两者选一的,供选择的,n.可供选择的方案
alternation n.交替,轮流
have no alternative but....除此之外别无选择

4.ascribe /əˈskraɪb/
中义:vt.认为是。。。造成的,归因于。。。
用法:及物动词,常+to
扩展: ascribable(adj.)归因于
例句:
He ascribed his failure to bad luck.他认为自己的失败是运气不好。
Their success is ascribable to the quality of their goods.他们的成功在于商品的质量。
5.compatible \kəm-ˈpa-tə-bəl\
中义:adj.一致的,合得来的 n.兼容
用法:
1)adj.常+with,“与。。。一致的”
2)电脑术语,指(设备等)可协同使用的,兼容的,配套的。
例句:
It was when we started living together that we found we just weren't compatible.等到开始生活在一起时,才发现我们根本合不来。
This software may not be compatible with older operating systems.该软体可能与较早期的作业系统不相容。
扩展:compatibility n.兼容性 ; incompatible adj.不可兼容的

6.conceive \kən-ˈsēv\
中义:v.构想,想象,怀胎
用法:
1)v.“怀胎”
2)conceive of sth,conceive sth as sth"构想出"
3)conceive of sth/doing sth“想象”
扩展:
conceivable adj.可以想象的
常用句型 It is conceivable that..有理由相信。
It is hard conceivable that/There is no conceivable reason why..
例句:
She had conceived the idea of a series of novels...她萌生出撰写系列小说的想法。
About one in six couples has difficulty conceiving...大约1/6的夫妻有受孕困难。
I just can't even conceive of that quantity of money...那么多钱,我根本都无法想象。

7.decompose [ˌdiːkəmˈpoʊz]
中义:v.使变坏;分解
用法:使腐烂或变坏,可以作及物和不及物
扩展:decomposition n.(不可数)分解(作用);decomposer n.分解体,腐生菌
例句:The body must have been decomposing for several weeks.那具尸体肯定已经腐烂好几个星期了。

8.default /dɪˈfɔːlt /
中义:n.违约,弃权;v.拖欠
用法:
1)n.常by default,表示因为对手的弃权而获胜,也表示没有履行合同的约定职责。短语 by default of 在缺。。的情况下
2)v.“不履行合同的约定””拖欠。。。“
扩展:judgment by default 缺席判决;to default on a debt拖欠借款
例句:
The company is in defaulton the loan.这家公司拖欠借款。
They accepted what he had said in default of any evidence to disprove it.由于缺乏相反的证据,他们相信了他的话。
9.deteriorate [dɪ'tɪə.ri.ə.reɪt]
中义:v.变坏,恶化
用法:作不及物动词,表“质量或价值的下降”,还可表“某种状态、关系、健康等的衰退、恶化”
扩展:deterioration n. 恶化 environmental deterioration 环境恶化
例句:The discussion quickly deteriorated into an angry argument.这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。
10.elapse \i-ˈlaps\
中义:v.(时间)飞逝,过去;n.时间的流逝
用法:既可以作及物动词也可以作可数名词。通常不用于进行时。
扩展:elapsed time 赛车或赛艇完成规定赛程的实际消耗时间;time elapse quickly日月如梭;elapsed passing逝去
例句:
Four years had elapsed since he left college and still he hadn't found a job.他大学毕业都四年了,但还没有找到工作。
He went back to school after an elapse of two years.

11.elevate /ˈeləveɪt, ˈelɪveɪt/
中义:vt.提高,上升。
用法:
1)上升,举起
2)鼓舞,使人的情绪高昂
3)职业的提升;道德品质、信心、文化修养等的提高
扩展:elevation n.高度,海拔;提升(不可数名词)elevator n.电梯 ;elevated adj.好的,高尚的;elevating 引人向上的
例句:Their purpose is to elevate AIDS to the top of government priorities.
12.incidentally / ˌinsiˈdentli /
中义:adv.附带地,顺便提及
用法:
1)"顺便提一下"。在句中作连接副词,用于补充说过的事情,或者提及刚想到的事。
2)表示某些情况偶然地发生
扩展:incidental adj.次要的,伴随的;incidental music配乐;incidental expense活动的杂费
例句:
Incidentally, have you heard the news about Sue?
The information was only discovered incidentally.这个信息只是偶然得到的。
13.inhibit \in-ˈhi-bət\
中义:v.阻止,妨碍,抑制
用法:
1)及物动词,表某种约束和抑制
2)常inhibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
扩展:inhibition n.(因忧虑、窘迫造成的)抑制,阻碍;lose one's inhibition 无所顾忌
例句:A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child.
缺氧可能阻碍胎儿的大脑发育。

14.perceive \pər-ˈsēv\
中义:v.理解,察觉
用法:
1)表示理解,后可+从句,常perceive sth.as sth.或perceive sth.to be sth.
2)察觉,注意到
扩展:perceptible adj.可察觉的;perception n.感知(力);认识,观念;perceptive adj.感觉敏锐的,善于理解的
例句:
The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing.发现病人呼吸困难。
This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough.这一发现被视为一项重大突破。
15.plead \ˈplēd\
中义:v.恳求,申辩,辩护
用法:
1)“恳求”,常plead with sb.for sth"再三恳求或请求"plead with sb.to do sth"请求某人做某事"
2)指因未做某事或做错某事而提出理由或借口
3)为支持某一观点而争辩
扩展:plead ignorance借口不知情;pleader n.辩护人,申诉人;pleading adj.恳求的,请求的;pleadingly adv.恳求地
例句:
She pleaded with him not to go.她恳求他不要离开。
to plead guilty / not guilty认罪;不认罪

16.precede \pri-ˈsēd\
中义:v.在。。。之前;领先于
用法:
1)v.表示顺序、位置或时间上领先
2)表示级别、地位或重要程度上高于、、
扩展:precedence n.优先权;优先于;in order of precedence按照轻重缓急;take precedence over 优先于;precedent n.先例;set/create a precedent 开了一个先例;without precedent 史无前例
例句:
His resignation was preceded by weeks of speculation.在他辞职之前,有关的猜测已持续了几个星期。
She preceded me in the job.她是我这工作的前任。
17.undermine / ˌʌndəˈmain/
中义:v.暗中破坏,逐渐削弱
用法:
1)通过磨损基础而削弱
2)逐渐损坏;暗中破坏;暗中损害某人的地位、声誉、威信等
例句:
The President has accused two cabinet ministers of working secretly to undermine his position/him.总统指责有两位内阁部长在暗中算计他。
Criticism just undermines their confidence.批评只是削弱了他们的信心。
18.wrench \ˈrench\
中义:v.猛扭;挣脱 ;n.痛苦
用法:
1)v.猛扭某物,挣脱。常+off/away
2)n.表离开心爱的人或地方时候的悲伤、痛苦。还可表”猛扭、猛拉“,通常作单数
扩展:
wrenched adj.可怜的,难受的,挫劣的;throw a wrench into 妨碍,破坏
例句:
She wrenched her knee when she fell.她跌倒时把膝盖扭伤了。
His words wrenched a sob from her.他的话使得她难过得哭泣起来。
Leaving home was a terrible wrench for me.对我来说离开家是件十分痛苦的事。
The phone had been wrenched from/off the wall.电话从墙上被猛地扯了下来。
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