土耳其在竭力维持阿夫林的和平

Turkey in Syria
土耳其在叙利亚的统治

Turkey struggles to keep the peace in Afrin
土耳其在竭力维持阿夫林的和平

Looting is on the rise, and residents are chafing under Islamist rule
掠夺行为呈现上升之势, 当地居民对伊斯兰武装分子的统治感到不满。

THE scene in the centre of Afrin, a Kurdish city in north-western Syria, hardly inspires confidence in the future. A destroyed statue of a mythical Kurdish hero is a reminder of the plunder of the city after its capture earlier this year by Arab and Turkoman rebels backed by Turkish tanks, from Kurdish rebels. The teenage son of one of the Arab rebels peddles cigarettes, a rifle across his knees. Another rebel directs traffic. Turkey argues it saved Afrin from terrorists and boasts of opening schools and hospitals. Residents are not exactly brimming with gratitude. “The Turkish soldiers are behaving decently,” says a Kurdish merchant. “But the bearded ones are big trouble,” he adds, referring to Islamist militants. “They’ve stolen so much.”
据英国《经济学人》网站7月19日的消息：阿夫林是叙利亚西北部一座由库尔德人控制的城市，而其市中心的场景几乎无法激起公众对未来的信心。一位神秘库尔德英雄的雕像被毁提醒着人们这座城市经历了一场浩劫。在今年早些时候, 阿拉伯人和土库曼叛军开着土耳其的坦克从库尔德叛军手中夺回这座城市。一位阿拉伯叛军的十几岁儿子将一支步枪架在膝盖上，兜售着香烟。另一个叛军在指挥着交通。土耳其方面辩称，他们从恐怖分子手中救出了阿夫林，并炫耀开办了学校和医院。当地居民对此根本不满怀感激之情。“土耳其士兵表现得很得体，”库尔德商人说。 “但那些大胡子们却是大麻烦。” 他补充说，大胡子指的是伊斯兰武装分子，“他们偷了许多东西。”

More than 100,000 civilians, and scores of Kurdish fighters known as the People’s Protection Units (YPG), fled Afrin when the Turkish army and its proxies swept in. Turkey considers the YPG an extension of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), which has fought an insurgency against it for three decades. The Turks insist they have no plans to annex Afrin, and pledge to withdraw as soon as Syria’s war ends.
在土耳其军队及其协军扫荡时，10万多名平民和大量“库尔德人民保护部队”（YPG）的战士逃离了阿夫林。土耳其方面认为，“库尔德人民保护部队”是“库尔德工人党”（PKK）的分支。“库尔德工人党”在过去30年来一直在开展反对土耳其的武装暴动。土耳其方面坚称, 他们没有吞并阿夫林的任何计划, 并承诺一旦叙利亚战争结束就立即撤军。

But the changes wrought by the incursion may be hard to undo. Turkish ministers suggested Afrin would become a magnet for some of the 400,000 Syrian Kurdish refugees in their country. However, it is mostly Arabs pouring into the region. (The YPG has not helped, reportedly stopping displaced Kurds from going home.) During a tour of the city organised by Turkish authorities, your correspondent met refugees from Ghouta, the Damascus suburb bombed to ruins by Syrian and Russian warplanes. One wave of human misery was breaking over another.
但土耳其的介入所造成的变化可能很难消除。土耳其的部长们也暗示，阿夫林将成为吸引40万叙利亚库尔德难民中的部分人员前来他们国家的地方。然而，涌入该地区的大部分人员都是阿拉伯人。（据报道，“库尔德人民保护部队”并未提供帮助，反而阻止流离失所的库尔德人回家。）在土耳其当局组织的城市之行中，我们记者会见到了古塔地区的难民，但同时大马士革郊区被叙利亚和俄罗斯的战机炸成了废墟。人类的苦难一波未平一波又起。

Turkey’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, does not intend to reverse the tide. He has threatened to take the war against the YPG into other parts of Syria. This puts him on a collision course with America, which teamed up with the Kurds against Islamic State (IS) and still sees them as insurance against an IS resurgence. (It denies their links to the PKK.) Mr Erdogan is not persuaded. “We have told all our allies and friends not to stand between us and terrorists,” he said earlier this year. The prospect of an escalation is not far-fetched. Insurgents allied with Turkey have clashed with American troops in eastern Syria.
土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安（Recep Tayyip Erdogan）不打算扭转局势，并已威胁要将打击“库尔德人民保护部队”的战争扩展到叙利亚的其他地区。这也使他同美国产生了冲突。美国正同库尔德人联合对抗极端组织“伊斯兰国”（IS），并视库尔德人为阻止“伊斯兰国”卷土重来的保障。（此举否认了库尔德人同“库尔德工人党”的关联）埃尔多安未被说服。“我们已告诉所有的盟友和朋友不站在我们这边，就是站在恐怖分子一边，”他今年早些时候说道。冲突升级的可能性将会很大，与土耳其结盟的武装分子已在叙利亚东部同美军交火。

Tensions between the two allies have recently eased. Under Turkish pressure, the Americans persuaded the YPG to withdraw from Manbij, which the Kurds captured from IS two years ago. Turkey and America also agreed to co-ordinate patrols. But Turkey now says that unless YPG forces east of Manbij disarm, it will be only a matter of time before Turkey attacks the group. “The plan is for the YPG to go without a fight, but if they want one we will give them one,” says one Turkish diplomat.
最近，这两个盟国之间的紧张关系有所缓和。在土耳其的压力下，美国说服“库尔德人民保护部队”从曼比季（Manbij）撤出。曼比季是库尔德人2年前从“伊斯兰国”手中抢占的地区。土耳其和美国也同意开展联合巡逻。但现在土耳其表示，除非“库尔德人民保护部队”在曼比季东部解除武装，否则土耳其袭击该组织只是时间的问题。一位土耳其外交官说：“这个计划是为了让该组织不战而退，但如果他们想要一场战争，我们会让他们如愿以偿。”

But Turkey may have bitten off more than it can chew. Security in Afrin is getting worse. A double bombing in June killed nine people. Reports of infighting and looting continue to surface. People in Afrin chafed under YPG rule, a local resident says, but the insurgents who followed are worse. “The Turks must make these monsters go home.”
但土耳其似乎高估了自己的能力。阿夫林的安全状况正在恶化。6月份，土耳其对阿夫林的两次空袭造成9人死亡。内讧和掠夺的报道不断出现。一位当地居民表示，阿夫林人对“库尔德人民保护部队”的统治不满，但随之而来的反叛者表现得得更为恶劣。“土耳其人必须让这些怪物回家。”（译：黄杰翀）

https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/07/21/turkey-struggles-to-keep-the-peace-in-afrin

QQ翻译任务群：331505241     QQ粉丝交流群：834622095