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Java实现文件夹下监控文件变动的三种方法

Java实现文件夹下监控文件变动的三种方法

作者: 漫行者曰 | 来源:发表于2022-06-21 17:18 被阅读0次

Java 中实现文件监控,实时监控文件夹下文件的修改,主要的三种方法:
1. JDK 7 的watch service
2. Apache的Commons-IO,来实现文件的监控功能
3. jnotify: https://sourceforge.net/projects/jnotify/


WatchService:
WatchService是监视服务接口, 在不同系统上有不同的实现类。实现了Watchable接口的对象方可注册监视服务,java.nio.file.Path实现了此接口;
WatchKey表示Watchable对象和WatchService的关联关系,在注册时被创建。注册完成后,WatchKey将被置为'ready'状态直到, 下列三种情况之一发生:

  1. WatchKey.cancel()被调用
  2. 被监控的目录不存在或不可访问
  3. WatchService对象被关闭
    当文件改动发生时,WatchKey的状态将会被置为"signaled"然后被放入待处理队列中。WatchService提供了三种从队列中获取WatchKeys的方式:
  4. poll - 返回队列中的一个key。如果没有可用的key,将立即返回null。
  5. poll(long, TimeUnit) - 如果队列中存在可用的key则将之返回,否则在参数预置的时间内等待可用的key。TimeUnit用来指定前一个参数表示的时间是纳秒、毫秒或是其他的时间单位。
    例子:final WatchKey watchKey = watchService.poll(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);将会等待1分钟
  6. take - 方法将会等待直到可用的key被返回。

缺点:
1. 无法监控子目录下文件的变化
2. 大文件夹下,超慢

代码:

public class FileWatchServiceTask implements Runnable {

    private String rootDir;

    public FileWatchServiceTask(String rootDir) {
        this.rootDir = rootDir;
    }

    ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 获取当前文件系统的监控对象
        try(WatchService service = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService()){
            //获取文件目录下的Path对象注册到 watchService中, 监听的事件类型,有创建,删除,以及修改
            Paths.get(rootDir).register(service, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_CREATE, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_DELETE, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY);

            while (true) {
                //获取可用key.没有可用的就wait
                WatchKey key = service.take();

                for (WatchEvent<?> event : key.pollEvents()) {
                    // TODO
                    log.info(event.context() + "文件:" + event.kind() + "次数: " + event.count());
                }
                // 重置,这一步很重要,否则当前的key就不再会获取将来发生的事件
                boolean valid = key.reset();
                // 失效状态,退出监听
                if (!valid) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            log.error("Encountered exception when try to get new WatchService : {}", e.fillInStackTrace());
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        }
    }
}

测试代码:

public class JnotifyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String rootDir = "C:\\logs";
        new CustomJnotifyAdapter(rootDir).beginWatch();
    }
}

Apache的common-io
在Apache的Commons-IO中有关于文件的监控功能的代码. 文件监控的原理如下:
由文件监控类FileAlterationMonitor中的线程不停的扫描文件观察器FileAlterationObserver,
如果有文件的变化,则根据相关的文件比较器,判断文件时新增,还是删除,还是更改。(默认为1000毫秒执行一次扫描)

缺点:
1. 内部实现是遍历的方式,小文件夹的效率还好; 比如用测试60G的目录测试,就很慢了

代码:

@Slf4j
public class FileListener extends FileAlterationListenerAdaptor {

    /**
     * File system observer started checking event.
     *
     * @param observer The file system observer (ignored)
     */
    @Override
    public void onStart(FileAlterationObserver observer) {
        super.onStart(observer);
    }

    /**
     * Directory created Event.
     *
     * @param directory The directory created (ignored)
     */
    @Override
    public void onDirectoryCreate(File directory) {
        log.info("[Deleted Directory] : {}",directory.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    /**
     * Directory changed Event.
     *
     * @param directory The directory changed (ignored)
     */
    @Override
    public void onDirectoryChange(File directory) {
        log.info("[Changed Directory] : {}",directory.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    /**
     * Directory deleted Event.
     *
     * @param directory The directory deleted (ignored)
     */
    @Override
    public void onDirectoryDelete(File directory) {
        log.info("[Created Directory] : {}",directory.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    /**
     * File created Event.
     *
     * @param file The file created (ignored)
     */
    @Override
    public void onFileCreate(File file) {
        log.info("[Created File] : {}",file.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    /**
     * File changed Event.
     *
     * @param file The file changed (ignored)
     */
    @Override
    public void onFileChange(File file) {
        log.info("[Amended File] : {}",file.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    /**
     * File deleted Event.
     *
     * @param file The file deleted (ignored)
     */
    @Override
    public void onFileDelete(File file) {
        log.info("[Deleted File] : {}",file.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    /**
     * File system observer finished checking event.
     *
     * @param observer The file system observer (ignored)
     */
    @Override
    public void onStop(FileAlterationObserver observer) {
        super.onStop(observer);
    }

}

测试代码:

public class FileMonitorTest {

    public static void main(String[] arugs) throws Exception {
        //Monitor Directory
        String absolateDir = "C:\\logs";
        //Interval time 5 seconds
        long intervalTime = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(5);
        //Sample 1:  Create a file observer to process file type
        /*FileAlterationObserver observer1 = new FileAlterationObserver(
                absolateDir,
                FileFilterUtils.and(
                        FileFilterUtils.fileFileFilter(),
                        FileFilterUtils.suffixFileFilter("*.txt")), //filter file type
                null);*/


        //Sample 2:  Create a file Observer to work with file type, eg: Scan the "log" folder under C, and the new file ending with the suffix ".success"
        FileAlterationObserver observer2 = new FileAlterationObserver(absolateDir, FileFilterUtils.and(
                FileFilterUtils.fileFileFilter(),FileFilterUtils.suffixFileFilter(".success")));

        FileAlterationObserver observer = new FileAlterationObserver(absolateDir);

        //Set file change listener
        observer.addListener(new FileListener());
        //Create file change monitor
        FileAlterationMonitor monitor = new FileAlterationMonitor(intervalTime, observer);
        //start monitor
        monitor.start();

        //Thread.sleep(30000);
        //monitor.stop();

    }


Jnotiy
Jnotiy, 支持动态监控(支持级联监控)文件夹和文件的jar包, 先要从https://sourceforge.net/projects/jnotify/下载相应的jar包,
1. 在linux中,调用linux底层的jnotify服务。
2. 在windows中,需要添加附件的dll文件。

本地测试,需要先解压jnotify jar包,复制jnotify_64bit.dll文件到,在本机的jdk的安装目录下的bin目录下:


image.png

代码:

@Slf4j
public class CustomJnotifyAdapter extends JNotifyAdapter {

    //关注目录的事件
    public static final int MASK = JNotify.FILE_CREATED | JNotify.FILE_DELETED | JNotify.FILE_MODIFIED | JNotify.FILE_RENAMED;

    /**
     * jnotify动态库 - 32位
     */
    public static final String NATIVE_LIBRARIES_32BIT = "/lib/native_libraries/32bits/";
    /**
     * jnotify动态库 - 64位
     */
    public static final String NATIVE_LIBRARIES_64BIT = "/lib/native_libraries/64bits/";

    private String rootDir;

    public CustomJnotifyAdapter(String rootDir){
        this.rootDir = rootDir;
    }

    /**
     * 容器启动时启动监视程序
     */
    public void beginWatch() throws JNotifyException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {

        /*log.debug("-----------Jnotify test ---------");

        Properties sysProps = System.getProperties();
        String osArch = (String) sysProps.get("os.arch");
        String osName = (String) sysProps.get("os.name");
        String userDir = (String) sysProps.getProperty("user.dir");
        log.debug("os.arch: " + osArch);
        log.debug("os.name: " + osName);
        log.debug("userDir: " + userDir);
        log.debug("java.class.path: " + sysProps.get("java.class.path"));*/

        // 直接调用Jnotify时, 会发生异常:java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: no jnotify_64bit in java.library.path
        // 这是由于Jnotify使用JNI技术来加载dll文件,如果在类路径下没有发现相应的文件,就会抛出此异常。
        // 因此可以通过指定程序的启动参数: java -Djava.library.path=/path/to/dll,
        // 或者是通过修改JVM运行时的系统变量的方式来指定dll文件的路径,如下:

        // 判断系统是32bit还是64bit,决定调用对应的dll文件
        /*String jnotifyDir = NATIVE_LIBRARIES_64BIT;
        if (!osArch.contains("64")) {
            jnotifyDir = NATIVE_LIBRARIES_32BIT;
        }
        log.debug("jnotifyDir: " + jnotifyDir);
        // 获取目录路径
        String pathToAdd = userDir + jnotifyDir ;
        boolean isAdded = false;
        final Field usrPathsField = ClassLoader.class.getDeclaredField("usr_paths");
        usrPathsField.setAccessible(true);
        final String[] paths = (String[]) usrPathsField.get(null);
        log.debug("usr_paths: " + Arrays.toString(paths));
        for (String path : paths) {
            if (path.equals(pathToAdd)) {
                isAdded  = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!isAdded) {
            final String[] newPaths = Arrays.copyOf(paths, paths.length + 1);
            newPaths[newPaths.length - 1] = pathToAdd;
            usrPathsField.set(null, newPaths);
        }

        log.debug("java.library.path: " + System.getProperty("java.library.path"));
        log.debug("usr_paths: " + Arrays.toString((String[]) usrPathsField.get(null)));
        usrPathsField.setAccessible(false);
        log.debug("类路径加载完成");
*/
        //是否监视子目录,即级联监视
        boolean watchSubtree = true;
        //监听程序Id
        int watchId;
        //添加到监视队列中
        try {
            watchId = JNotify.addWatch(rootDir, MASK, watchSubtree, this);
            log.info("jnotify -----------启动成功-----------, watchId = {}",watchId);
        } catch (JNotifyException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 死循环,线程一直执行,休眠一分钟后继续执行,主要是为了让主线程一直执行
        // 休眠时间和监测文件发生的效率无关(就是说不是监视目录文件改变一分钟后才监测到,监测几乎是实时的,调用本地系统库)
        while (true) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(60000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {// ignore it
                e.printStackTrace();
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void fileCreated(int wd, String rootPath, String name) {
        log.info("文件被创建, 创建位置为: " + rootPath + "/" + name);
    }

    @Override
    public void fileDeleted(int wd, String rootPath, String name) {
        log.info("文件被删除, 被删除的文件名为:" + rootPath + name);
    }

    @Override
    public void fileModified(int wd, String rootPath, String name) {
        log.info("文件内容被修改, 文件名为:" + rootPath + "/" + name);
    }

    @Override
    public void fileRenamed(int wd, String rootPath, String oldName, String newName) {
        log.info("文件被重命名, 原文件名为:" + rootPath + "/" + oldName
                + ", 现文件名为:" + rootPath + "/" + newName);

    }

测试代码:

public class JnotifyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String rootDir = "C:\\logs";
        new CustomJnotifyAdapter(rootDir).beginWatch();
    }
}

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