2018CHINADAILY重要热词互译和解释汇总

by 瑞瑞and颖颖（中国高翻学习群内小伙伴）

实名制（real-name registration）：

Real name registration for Internet access, or Internet real name system, is a rule that requires Internet users to use their real names to identify themselves to service providers, including Internet or telecommunications operators.

网络实名制要求网络用户向包括网络和电信运营商在内的服务商提供真实身份认证。

资产负债率（ratio of liabilities to assets）：

表示公司总资产中有多少是通过负债筹集的，该指标是评价公司负债水平的综合指标。同时也是一项衡量公司利用债权人资金进行经营活动能力的指标，也反映债权人发放贷款的安全程度。

Indicates how much of the company’s total assets are raised through liabilities, which is a comprehensive index to evaluate the level of the company’s liabilities. At the same time, it is a measure of the company’s ability to use creditors’funds for business activities, and also reflects the degree of security of creditors’ loans.

双创升级版（upgraded mass entrepreneurship and innovation）：

国务院近日发布关于推动创新创业高质量发展打造"双创"升级版的意见，此举旨在进一步优化营商环境，降低创新创业成本，增强科技创新在经济中的引领作用，提升支撑平台的服务能力。

The State Council recently issued a document on promoting high-quality and upgraded mass entrepreneurship and innovation. The move is aimed at further optimizing the business environment, lowering the cost of entrepreneurship and innovation, enhancing the leading role of technology and innovation in the economy, and improving the service capacity of supporting platforms.

富时罗素指数（FTSE Russell index）：

是英国伦敦交易所旗下全资公司富时罗素(FTSE Russell)编辑的指数。

“一带一路”空间信息走廊（the Belt and Road space information corridor）：

国家航天局副局长吴艳华在中国—东盟“一带一路”空间信息走廊合作发展论坛上表示，中国将探索建立适合中国—东盟共同发展的科技金融合作模式，构建企业为主体、市场化运营、开放共赢的卫星服务网络体系。

Speaking at the China-ASEAN Cooperation and Development Forum of the Belt and Road Space Information Corridor, Wu Yanhua, deputy head of China National Space Administration, said the CNSA will further explore a technical, financial cooperation model suitable for the common development of China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations members. He also said efforts will be made to establish a market-oriented, open and win-win satellite service network in which enterprises will play a pivotal role.

国家基本药物制度（national essential drugs system）：

The State Council issued a guiding document on Thursday with the aim of improving the national essential drugs system so as to ensure adequate supply of essential drugs.

国务院办公厅20日印发一份指导意见，旨在完善国家基本药物制度，以确保基本药物供应充足。

医闹（illegal acts targeting medical staff and institutions）：

国家发改委16日印发文件打击针对医务人员和医疗机构的违法行为("医闹")。文件指出，袭击医务人员者将被列入黑名单。

People who attack medical staff will be placed on a blacklist, according to a circular released by the National Development and Reform Commission on Tuesday that is designed to deter illegal acts targeting medical staff and institutions.

积分落户（point-based household registration）：

约6000名非京籍人士将依靠新的积分落户制度拿到北京市户口。

Around 6,000 non-natives of Beijing will be able to get the city's hukou, or household registration status, through a new point-based household registration system.

预算绩效管理（budget performance management）：

China is aiming to establish a performance management system for budgets of governments at all levels in the next three to five years to enable better budget management and policy implementation, according to a guideline published on Tuesday.

25日发布的一份意见指出，我国力争用3-5年时间建成覆盖各级政府的预算绩效管理体系，提升预算管理和政策执行能力。

准备金率（requirement reserve ratio, RRR）：

The People's Bank of China (PBOC) decided on Sunday to cut the requirement reserve ratio (RRR) for RMB deposits by one percentage point starting from Oct 15. The RRR cut will cover the yuan deposits of large commercial banks, share-holding commercial banks, city commercial banks, non-county rural commercial banks and foreign banks.

中国人民银行7日决定，自10月15日起，下调大型商业银行、股份制商业银行、城市商业银行、非县域农村商业银行、外资银行人民币存款准备金率1个百分点。

补缴税款（make remedial payments to taxation authorities）

国家税务总局提醒影视制作行业企业以及高收入从业人员在12月31日前对纳税情况进行自查。

China's tax authorities reminded filmmakers, television production companies and related sectors, as well as those in high-income brackets, to look closely into their own taxpaying practices before Dec 31.

港珠澳大桥（Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge）：

世界最长的跨海大桥——港珠澳大桥24日上午9时正式通车。

The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the world's longest cross-sea bridge, opened to public traffic at 9 am Wednesday.

社保黑名单（blacklist system for social insurance funds）：

China will introduce a blacklist system to ensure implementation of its policy on social insurance funds, according to a draft by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

人社部起草的意见稿显示，我国将引入“黑名单”制度以保证社保基金政策的实施。

中国国际进口博览会（China International Import Expo, CIIE）：

中国国际进口博览会，是迄今为止世界上第一个以进口为主题的国家级展会，是国际贸易发展史上一大创举。各国应该坚持开放的政策取向，旗帜鲜明反对保护主义、单边主义。各国应该坚持创新引领，加快新旧动能转换。各国应该坚持包容普惠，推动各国共同发展。中国开放的大门不会关闭，只会越开越大。

The China International Import Expo is a "trail-blazing" move in the history of international trade development. The CIIE is the first-ever import-themed national-level expo. All countries should be committed to opening-up and oppose protectionism and unilateralism in a clear-cut stand. All countries should stick to innovation and accelerate the transition with traditional growth drivers being replaced by new ones. All countries should uphold the principle of inclusive development and shared benefits, in order to realize common development. China will not close its door to the world and will only become more and more open.

世界互联网大会（World Internet Conference）：

7日，第五届世界互联网大会在浙江省乌镇开幕，15项前沿科技成果在大会上发布。

The fifth World Internet Conference kicks off in Wuzhen, Zhejiang province on Wednesday. Fifteen cutting-edge technologies achievements were released at the conference.

声音商标（sound trademark）：

近日，北京市高级人民法院判决，即时通讯服务QQ的提示音可以注册商标，这是我国首例声音商标案件。

The Higher People's Court of Beijing Municipality ruled recently that the audio notification on instant messaging service QQ could receive its own trademark in the country's first sound trademark lawsuit.

英国脱欧协议（Brexit deal）：

英国首相特雷莎·梅15日誓言要为她同欧盟达成的英国脱欧协议草案抗争到底，此前，英国脱欧事务大臣和其他多位大臣辞职，使她的脱欧策略和领导地位岌岌可危。

UK Prime Minister Theresa May vowed to fight for her draft Brexit deal with the European Union on Thursday after the resignation of her Brexit secretary and other ministers put her strategy and her job in peril.

基因编辑婴儿（gene-edited baby）：

Scientists and bioethics experts have reacted with shock and anger to a Chinese researcher's claim that he helped make the world's first genetically edited babies.

一名中国研究者声称自己帮助造出世界上首批基因编辑婴儿后，科学家和生物伦理专家纷纷表示震惊和愤怒。

互联网保险（online insurance）：

根据一份最新行业报告，受越来越多年轻人想以快捷、成本低廉以及通过以社交媒体为依托的应用投保的推动，互联网保险正在我国日渐流行。

Online insurance is gaining popularity in China, driven by an increasing number of young people looking to cover themselves using quick, low-cost, social media-powered apps, according to a new industry report.

行政区划（administrative division）：

国务院公布《行政区划管理条例》，该条例将于2019年1月1日起实施。

The State Council, China's Cabinet, has issued a regulation on the management of administrative divisions, which will take effect on Jan 1, 2019.

中期选举（mid-term elections）：

US Democrats have taken control of the House of Representatives in the mid-term elections on Tuesday, dealing a serious blow to Donald Trump though the president and his fellow Republicans expanded their majority in the Senate.

在6日举行的美国中期选举中，虽然总统特朗普所在的共和党扩大了在参议院的多数优势，但民主党赢得了众议院的控制权，这是给特朗普的沉重一击。

降低关税壁垒（lower tariff barrier）：

关税壁垒亦称“关税战”。以高额关税作为限制商品进口的一种措施。对外国商品征收高额进口关税，以提高其成本和削弱其竞争能力，从而达到限制这些商品进口，保护本国产品在国内市场上竞争优势的目的。

Tariff barriers are also called “tariff wars”. High tariffs are used as a measure to restrict the import of goods. High import tariffs are imposed on foreign goods in order to increase their costs and weaken their competitiveness, so as to restrict the import of these goods and protect the competitive advantage of domestic products in the domestic market.

亚太经合组织第25次领导人非正式会议（the 25th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting）：

亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议，是亚太经合组织高级别的会议。会议就有关经济问题发表见解，交换看法，会议形成的领导人宣言是指导亚太经合组织各项工作的重要纲领性文件。

The APEC Leaders'Informal Meeting is a high-level APEC meeting. The Leaders'declaration formed at the meeting is an important programmatic document guiding the work of APEC.

阴阳合同（dual/double contract）：

所谓“阴阳合同”，是指合同当事人就同一事项订立两份以上的内容不相同的合同，一份对内，一份对外，其中对外的一份并不是双方真实意思表示，而是以逃避国家税收等为目的；对内的一份则是双方真实意思表示，可以是书面或口头。“阴阳合同”是一种违规行为，在给当事人带来“利益”的同时，也预示着风险。

The so-called "Yin-Yang contract" refers to a contract in which the parties to a contract conclude more than two contracts with different contents on the same matter, one internal and one external, one of which is not the true intention of both parties, but for the purpose of evading state tax, and the other is the true intention of both parties, which may be Written or oral. "Yin-yang contract" is a kind of violation, which not only brings "benefits" to the parties, but also indicates risks.

起征点（tax exemption threshold）：

起税点，又称“征税起点”或“起征点”，是指税法规定对征税对象开始征税的起点数额。征税对象的数额达到起征点的就全部数额征税，未达到起征点的不征税。

The starting point, also known as "the starting point of taxation" or "the starting point of taxation", refers to the amount of starting point of Taxation for the taxed object stipulated in the Tax Law. If the amount of the taxed object reaches the starting point, the total amount shall be taxed, and if the amount fails to reach the starting point, no tax shall be levied.

自贸区（free trade zone）：

是指签订自由贸易协定的成员国相互彻底取消商品贸易中的关税和数量限制，使商品在各成员国之间可以自由流动。

The term "free trade agreement" refers to the complete abolition of tariffs and quantitative restrictions in commodity trade among member countries, so that commodities can flow freely among member countries.

纸币信贷（monetary credit）：

货币信贷以货币形式发放的信用贷款。信用贷款是指以借款人的信誉发放的贷款，借款人不需要提供担保。

Monetary credit is a credit loan issued in the form of money. Credit loan refers to the loan granted by the borrower's credit, and the borrower does not need to provide guarantees.

信用信息管理制度（credit information management system）：

要求全国社会组织信用信息登记管理机关依据社会组织未依法履行义务或者存在违法违规行为的有关信用信息，建立社会组织活动异常名录和严重违法失信名单制度。

It is required that the credit information registration and management organs of social organizations throughout the country establish a list of abnormal activities of social organizations and a list of serious breaches of trust based on the relevant credit information that social organizations have not fulfilled their obligations in accordance with the law or that there are violations of laws and regulations.

就业力（employability）

2030年愿景（Vision 2030）

China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) adopted Wednesday the China-ASEAN Strategic Partnership Vision 2030, widely seen as an ideal model for cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. (China Daily)

周三（11月14日），中国和东南亚国家联盟（东盟）正式通过《中国—东盟战略伙伴关系2030年愿景》。这一愿景被普遍认为是亚太地区理想的合作模式。

人造月亮 （man-made moon）

China's man-made moon conception is expected to be realized in 2022, the Science and Technology Daily reported. Man-made moon is a satellite carrying a huge space mirror, which can reflect the sun light to the Earth. (China Daily)

据《科技日报》报道，我国“人造月亮”的设想有望于2022年实现。人造月亮是一颗携带巨型太空反射镜的卫星，能将太阳光反射到地球上。

漫威创始人  Marvel Comics creator

    Marvel Comics creator Stan Lee – famous for giving the world beloved superheroes including Spider-Man, Iron Man and the Incredible Hulk – died Monday. He was 95. (China Daily)

周一（11月12日），漫威漫画公司创始人斯坦·李与世长辞，享年95岁。斯坦·李因创作蜘蛛侠、钢铁侠和绿巨人等深受世人喜爱的超级英雄而闻名。

地球卫士奖 Champions of the Earth Award

Zhejiang province was recognized with a Champions of the Earth Award, the United Nation's highest environmental honor, at the UN headquarters in New York on Wednesday.

2018年9月26日，在纽约联合国总部，中国浙江省被授予“地球卫士奖”——联合国颁发的环保领域的最高荣誉。

南极机场 Antarctic airport

China has announced it will begin building its first airport in Antarctica in November as a global scramble over the world’s polar regions intensifies. Chinese researchers have begun surveying work in preparation for the airport which will be capable of servicing China’s Snow Eagle 601, a small polar aircraft, according to the Keji Daily, a newspaper run by China’s ministry of science and technology. (FT)

目前，全球对世界极地的争夺加剧，中国宣布，将于11月开始建造该国首个南极机场。据中国科技部主办的《科技日报》报道，中国研究人员已经启动勘测工作，为建造南极机场做准备，该机场将能停靠中国小型极地飞机“雪鹰601”。

数字服务税 digital services tax

The UK government has announced a new “digital services” tax of two percent that it plans to start levying on the UK revenues of tech giants like Amazon, Google and Apple based on the money they make on digital services like advertising and streaming entertainment (but not online sales). The tax is due to come into effect in April 2020. (techcrunch)

英国政府宣布征收2%的新的“数字服务”税，计划针对亚马逊、谷歌和苹果等科技巨头在英国的收入征税，征税依据是这些公司通过广告和流媒体娱乐（不包括在线销售）等数字服务赚取的收入。该税将于2020年4月开始征收。

武侠小说泰斗 grandmaster of wuxia novels

Louis Cha Leung-yung, one of the most influential Chinese novelists, and better known under the pen name Jin Yong, died on Tuesday afternoon in Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital. He was 94. Readers across China pay tribute to the grandmaster of wuxia, or martial arts and chivalry, novels. (China Daily)

中国最具影响力的一位小说家查良镛（以笔名金庸闻名于世）于周二（10月30日）下午在香港养和医院逝世，享年94岁。全国各地的读者纷纷缅怀这位武侠小说泰斗。

10.下岗再就业 re-employment after being laid off

1998年政府提出，花三年的时间，解决国企裁员问题。“下岗再就业”就成了举国关注的重要工程。在政策的鼓励和支持下，许多下岗员工走上了新的工作岗位，实现了再就业（re-employment）。

生物支付（bio-payment）

电商巨头阿里巴巴表示，刚过去的"双11"购物节期间，其旗下天猫和淘宝上高达60.3%的支付指纹、人脸识别完成，而不是输入密码完成。生物支付正逐渐取代密码成为未来主要的支付手段。

As high as 60.3% of payments made via Alibaba's T-mall and Taobao during the recent Singles Day shopping frenzy were verified by users scanning their fingerprints or faces instead of entering passwords, according to the e-commerce giant. Bio-payments are gradually replacing passwords to become the primary means of payment in future.

工资帽（salary cap）

工资帽是NBA最著名工资限制条款。球队花在球员身上的工资总额不得超过这个数字。

我国将出台一系列新规，包括自2019年起在中超联赛以及较低级别的职业联赛中设置"工资帽"和"奖金帽"。（China will introduce a series of new regulations including a salary cap and a bonus cap in the Chinese Super League and lower professional leagues from 2019.）

垃圾计量收费（garbage charged by weight）

我国计划出台固体废物处理收费新政，以减少圾产生量。这是我国首次提出垃圾计量收费。

China mulls a new policy of charging for solid waste processing as a means of reducing the amount of waste generated. This is the first time the government has advanced a fee for garbage disposal based on weight.

具体措施包括：建立健全城镇生活垃圾处理(urban domestic garbage disposal)收费机制，完善城镇生活垃圾分类和减量化激励机制，探索建立农村垃圾处理收费制度，完善危险废物处置(hazardous waste disposal)收费机制等四个方面。

无人岛（uninhabited/unpopulated island）

海南省4日新出台了关于无人岛开发的规定，旨在更好地保护海岛，规范审批流程。

Hainan province updated a regulation on the development of small uninhabited islands on Wednesday, aiming to better protect the islands and standardize approval procedures.

2011年4月12日，中国公布首批无居民海岛开发名录，这些无居民海岛最长开发使用年限为50年。

黄金签（golden visa）

"黄金签"又叫作"一级投资签证(tier 1 investor visa)"，这类签证要求在英国投资200万英镑或以上资产，以换取在英国居住和工作的权利(invest ￡2m or more for the privilege of living and working in the UK)。专为全球超级富豪(the global super-rich)提供建议的英国律师事务所Collyer Bristow发布消息称，在截至今年3月31日的过去一年内，405名投资移民申请一级签证，比一年前增加46%，其中土耳其和俄罗斯的申请者增幅最大。

尽管英国脱欧带来不确定性，但英国"黄金签"的申请数量在截至今年3月31日的过去一年里增加了46%。（Despite Brexit uncertainty, UK "golden visa" applications jumped 46% in the year to March 31.）

小程序（mini program, applet）

小程序(mini programs, applet)即在主程序内运行的应用程序(apps that only work within a master app)，省去了用户安装、退出或进入不同应用程序的麻烦(save users the hassle of installing, and exiting and entering different apps)。谷歌此次推出微信小程序是继上月向电商公司京东投资5.5亿美元后，重返中国消费市场的最新尝试(the latest step in Google's tiptoe back into China's consumer market)。

谷歌发布了其首款微信小程序，是基于谷歌人工智能图像识别技术的一款绘画游戏。

Google has released its first mini program for WeChat in China. It is a drawing game based on Google's AI image recognition technology

首次会晤（the first-ever meeting）

朝鲜最高领导人金正恩与美国总统特朗普12日在新加坡举行历史性会晤。这是有史以来朝鲜领导人与美国在任总统的首次会晤。

Top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) Kim Jong-un and US President Donald Trump had a historic meeting in Singapore Tuesday. It is the first-ever meeting between a DPRK leader and a sitting US president.

一战结束100周年

the 100th anniversary of the armistice that ended the first world war

官宣

officially announce / official announcement

加州山火 

wildfires in California

电子（版）结婚证

digital marriage certificates

拼公交服务

bus-pooling service

乡村振兴战略规划

plan on rural vitalization strategy

不寻求连任

not seeking re-election

重庆公交坠江

Chongqing bus plunging into the Yangtze River

D&G道歉

D&G issuing an apology

分娩镇痛

pain relief during labor and delivery

中国驻巴基斯坦领馆遇袭

attack on Chinese Consulate in Pakistan

量子计算

quantum computing

机器学习

machine learning

基础算法

basic algorithms

视觉计算

visual computing

自然语言处理

natural language processing

人机自然交互

human-machine interaction

芯片技术

chip technology

传感器技术

sensor technology

嵌入式系统

embedded system

农村合作医疗

cooperative medical scheme

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2019天津大学MTI考研群：648823798

2019天外MTI考研群：454374188

【东部高校】

2019南大MTI考研群：429549042

2019南师大MTI考研群：301426934

2019苏大MTI考研群：648226755

2019东南大学MTI考研群：824401751

2019复旦MTI考研群：264018071

2019华东师范大学MTI考研群：417119583

2019上外贸MTI考研群：499917250

2019上海大学MTI考研群：282883626

2019上海交大MTI考研群：69251005

2019浙大MTI考研群：646356679

【南部高校】

2019中大MTI考研群：534049981

2019暨大MTI考研群：633561759

2019厦大MTI考研群：661848197

【中西部高校】

2019武汉理工MTI考研群：437882247

2019武汉大学MTI考研群：686496833

2019湖大MTI考研群：806410015

2019湖师大MTI考研群：811919969

2019中南大学MTI考研群：879448082

2019西外MTI考研群：678091794

2019川外MTI考研群：467196996

2019川大MTI考研群：739456143

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