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Android端使用国密SM2进行加密

Android端使用国密SM2进行加密

作者: 王煜仁 | 来源:发表于2023-08-14 17:23 被阅读0次

    前言

    最近研究SM2加密在app中的应用,在掉了1024根头发的时候,终于给找到解决方案了。

    背景

    项目中使用的是签发公私钥证书进行的加解密的,证书的格式为.cer文件格式。也就是app端在应用中载入公钥,然后调用SM2的加密方法对数据进行加密,将加密的数据传给后端,后端通过对应的私钥解密。
    long long ago,在iOS系统进行过一次大版本的升级过后,iPhone端的SM2加密就失效了,官方的原生方法无法读取.cer文件,这样就无法获取到证书中的公钥,也就无法完成整个加密过程了。
    而今在Android端也出现了这样的问题,大概看了一下项目中使用的一些第三方框架,大体就是对官方这样的方法做了几层封装,然后将国密的一些加密方式整合在一起。所以这样的第三方框架已经无法继续使用。
    没办法,项目还坚持使用SM2进行加密,那么只能继续寻找解决办法。作为一个非专业Android开发者来说,具有钻研的精神可能是我最后的倔强了。首先是全网各种查找方案,无一例外,都是老旧的实现方法,中间确实想过放弃,也讨论过切换加密方案,但是又需要考虑切换加密方案对用户的影响已经各端的工作量,也就暂时搁浅了。
    大概是思维进入死胡同了,漫无目的的看着各种各样的处理方法。最后还是回归到原始方法。

    解决方案

    方法一
    dependencies {
        // 强强联手
        implementation 'cn.hutool:hutool-all:5.8.21'
        implementation 'org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk15to18:1.76'
    }
    
    • 实现
    // 重要的导包
    import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
    import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
    
    import java.security.PublicKey;
    
    import org.bouncycastle.asn1.DERBitString;
    import org.bouncycastle.asn1.x509.SubjectPublicKeyInfo;
    import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
    
    import cn.hutool.crypto.asymmetric.KeyType;
    import cn.hutool.crypto.asymmetric.SM2;
    import cn.hutool.crypto.ECKeyUtil;
    
    try {
                // 将.cer文件放置在Android应用的res/raw目录下。如果该目录不存在,可以手动创建它。
                // 请确保将your_certificate替换为你实际的.cer文件的名称,而且要处理异常以确保代码的健壮性。
                InputStream is = getResources().openRawResource(R.raw. your_certificate);  // 读取.cer文件,不限于这种读取方式
                CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
                X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)cf.generateCertificate(is);
                is.close();
    
                PublicKey pk = cert.getPublicKey();
                byte[] pubkey = pk.getEncoded();
                byte[] publicKey_XY = readPublicKey(pubkey);
                // 获取公钥值,在公钥的前面加上04前缀
                String pubkeyStr = "04" + bytesToHex(publicKey_XY);
                // 待加密内容
                String jsonStr = "{\"name\":\"zhangsan\",\"userid\":\"1234567890\"}";
                final SM2 sm2 = new SM2(null, ECKeyUtil.toSm2PublicParams(pubkeyStr));
                sm2.usePlainEncoding();
                // jsonStr通过公钥加密后的加密内容,转成十六进制
                String encryptStr = sm2.encryptHex(jsonStr, KeyType.PublicKey).toUpperCase();
    
                System.out.println(encryptStr);
            } catch (CertificateException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
    public static byte[] readPublicKey(byte[] pubkey) throws Exception {
            SubjectPublicKeyInfo subjectPublicKeyInfo = SubjectPublicKeyInfo.getInstance(pubkey);
            DERBitString publicKeyData = (DERBitString) subjectPublicKeyInfo.getPublicKeyData();
            byte[] publicKey = publicKeyData.getEncoded();
            byte[] encodedPublicKey = publicKey;
            byte[] ecP = new byte[64];
            System.arraycopy(encodedPublicKey, 4, ecP, 0, ecP.length);
    
            // 公钥的X值
            byte[] certPKX = new byte[32];
            // 公钥的Y值
            byte[] certPKY = new byte[32];
            System.arraycopy(ecP, 0, certPKX, 0, 32);
            System.arraycopy(ecP, 32, certPKY, 0, 32);
    
            return ecP;
    }
    
        /**
         * 字节转16进制
         * @param b 字节
         * @return 返回转换后的十六进制值
         */
        public static String byteToHex(byte b) {
            String hexString = Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF);
            if (hexString.length() < 2) {
                hexString = new StringBuilder(String.valueOf(0)).append(hexString).toString();
            }
            return hexString.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
        }
    
        /**
         * 字节数组转16进制
         * @param bytes 字节数组
         * @return 返回十六进制字符串
         */
        public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
            StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
            if (bytes != null && bytes.length > 0) {
                for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
                    String hex = byteToHex(bytes[i]);
                    buffer.append(hex);
                }
            }
            return buffer.toString();
        }
    
    方法二
    • 使用OpenSSL库或者使用gmssl
      两大利器,都是从c++底层去处理证书文件结构,这个就不会受系统大版本升级影响了。我的iOS端app内就是使用OpenSSL的方式去实现的。
      首先需要在Android端配置支持C++混合开发的环境,见官方介绍
    • native-lib.cpp
    #include <jni.h>
    #include <string>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <fstream>
    #include <iostream>
    #include "openssl/crypto.h"
    #include "openssl/x509.h"
    
    using namespace std;
    
    extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
    Java_com_zsplat_opensslsupportedapp_MainActivity_stringFromJNI(
            JNIEnv* env,
            jobject /* this */) {
        unsigned char usrCertificate[4096];
        const unsigned char *certDataBytes = NULL;
        unsigned long usrCertificateLen;
        X509 *x509Cert = NULL;
        FILE *fp = NULL;
        fp = fopen("./app/src/main/cpp/test.cer", "rb");
        if (fp == NULL) {
            cout << "读取文件错误。。。" << endl;
        } else {
    
            usrCertificateLen = fread(usrCertificate, 1, 4096, fp);
            fclose(fp);
            certDataBytes = usrCertificate;
            x509Cert = d2i_X509(NULL, &certDataBytes, usrCertificateLen);
            if (x509Cert == NULL) {
                cout << "x509错误" << endl;
                return "";
            }
            ASN1_BIT_STRING *pubkey = X509_get0_pubkey_bitstr(x509Cert);
            for (int i = 0; i < pubkey->length; i++) {
                // 打印公钥
                printf("%02x", pubkey->data[i]);
                // 将(char *)data数据转为string
            }
            // 返回公钥即可
        }
    
        return env->NewStringUTF(OpenSSL_version(OPENSSL_VERSION));
    }
    
    • CMakeLists.txt
    # For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
    # documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html
    
    # Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.
    
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)
    
    # Declares and names the project.
    
    project("native-lib")
    
    #将openssl的头文件目录包含进来
    include_directories(src/main/cpp)
    
    #添加两个静态库文件
    add_library(
            openssl-crypto
            STATIC
            IMPORTED)
    set_target_properties(
            openssl-crypto
            PROPERTIES
            IMPORTED_LOCATION
            ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/main/cpp/libs/libcrypto.a)
    
    add_library(
            openssl-ssl
            STATIC
            IMPORTED)
    set_target_properties(
            openssl-ssl
            PROPERTIES
            IMPORTED_LOCATION
            ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/main/cpp/libs/libssl.a)
    
    # Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
    # or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
    # You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
    # Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.
    
    add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
    #        opensslsupportedapp
            native-lib
            # Sets the library as a shared library.
            # SHARED不注释程序会报错,项目启动闪退,不知道是不是这边造成的,还没找到解决办法
    #        SHARED
            # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
            native-lib.cpp)
    
    # Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
    # variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
    # default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
    # you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
    # completing its build.
    
    find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
            log-lib
    
            # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
            # you want CMake to locate.
            log)
    
    # Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
    # can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
    # build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.
    
    target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
    #        opensslsupportedapp
            native-lib
            # Links the target library to the log library
            # included in the NDK.
            ${log-lib}
            openssl-ssl
            openssl-crypto)
    

    项目中的.a静态文件库是使用NDK和OpenSSL源码编译的,根据Android Studio中使用的NDK版本去做编译。具体编译方法可以去搜索。后续抽空写一个关于编译OpenSSL静态库的操作吧。

    可能安卓端配置C++环境对我来说稍微麻烦点,不过只要配置好,那是真的方便,对于大部分加密的问题,OpenSSL都能解决的。

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