细菌的种类非常多，其中有一些能造成传染病。而另外一些细菌，如果善加利用，却能够阻止传染病的传播。
Fighting diseases with bacteria
by Lauran Neergaard
They still bite, but new research shows lab-grown mosquitoes are fighting dangerous dengue fever that they normally would spread. Dengue infections appear to be dropping fast in communities in Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil and Australia that are buzzing with the specially bred mosquitoes, an international research team reported Thursday.
mosquito /məˈskiːtəʊ/ n. 蚊子
dengue fever 登革热
normally /ˈnɔːməli/ adv. 正常情况下（由normal加后缀-ly变成副词）
spread /spred/ v. 传播、扩散
infection /ɪnˈfekʃ(ə)n/ n. 感染（由infect加后缀-ion变成名词）
community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区
Indonesia /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ n. 印度尼西亚（东南亚国家）
Vietnam /ˌvjetˈnæm/ n. 越南
Brazil /brəˈzɪl/ n. 巴西（南美洲国家）
buzz /bʌz/ v. 嗡嗡叫
breed /briːd/ v. 繁育、繁殖
It's the first evidence from large-scale field trials that mosquitoes are less likely to spread dengue and similar viruses when they also carry a type of bacteria that's common in insects and harmless to people.
evidence /ˈevɪd(ə)ns/ n. 证据
scale /skeɪl/ n. 规模
trial /ˈtraɪəl/ n. 试验（由try加后缀-al变成名词；field trial就是实地测试）
virus /ˈvaɪərəs/ n. 病毒
bacterium /bækˈtɪəriəm/ n. 细菌（bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ 是复数）
harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/ adj. 无害的（由harm加上表示否定的后缀-less并变成形容词）
Researchers first injected mosquito eggs with Wolbachia bacteria in a lab. Infected females then pass the bacteria on through their eggs. Releasing enough Wolbachia carriers, both the females that bite and the males that don't, allows mating to spread the bacteria through a local mosquito population.
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者（由research加上表示人的后缀-er）
inject /ɪnˈdʒekt/ v. 注射
infect /ɪnˈfekt/ v. 感染
pass on 传染
release /rɪˈliːs/ v./n. 释放
carrier /ˈkæriə(r)/ n. 携带者（由carry加上表示人的后缀-er）
mate /meɪt/ v. 交配
Rather than using pesticides（杀虫剂） to wipe out bugs, "this is really about transforming the mosquito," said Cameron Simmons of the nonprofit World Mosquito Program, which is conducting the research.
wipe out 消灭
bug /bʌɡ/ n. 小虫子
transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ v. 彻底改变
nonprofit /ˌnɒnˈprɒfɪt/ n. 非营利组织（由profit加上表示否定的前缀non-）
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 实施
The first hint of success came from Australia. Mosquitoes bred to carry Wolbachia were released in parts of North Queensland starting in 2011, and gradually spread through the local mosquito population. Dengue is transmitted when a mosquito bites someone who is infected, and then bites another person, but somehow Wolbachia blocks that – and local transmission has nearly disappeared in those North Queensland communities, Simmons said.
hint /hɪnt/ n. 暗示
gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地（由gradual加后缀-ly变成副词）
transmit /trænzˈmɪt/ v. 传播、传染
block /blɒk/ v. 阻挡、挡住
transmission /trænzˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 传播、传染
Simmons' team reported a 76% decline in dengue recorded by local authorities in an Indonesian community near the city of Yogyakarta since the 2016 release of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes. That's compared to dengue transmission in a nearby area where regular mosquitoes do the biting.
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ n. 下降、减少
record /rɪˈkɔːd/ v. 记录、记载
authorities /ɔːˈθɒrətiz/ n. 有关部门
Researchers found a similar drop in a community near the southern Vietnamese city of Nha Trang. And preliminary results suggest large declines in dengue and a related virus, chikungunya, in a few neighborhoods in Brazil near Rio de Janeiro.
preliminary /prɪˈlɪmɪn(ə)ri/ adj. 初步的
suggest /səˈdʒest/ v. 表明
related /rɪˈleɪtɪd/ adj. 有亲缘关系的
neighborhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ n. 住宅区
The studies are continuing in those countries and others. But the findings, presented at a meeting of the American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, suggest it's possible to turn at least some mosquitoes from a public health threat into nuisance biters.
present /prɪˈzent/ v. 提交、呈送
society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 协会、社团
tropical /ˈtrɒpɪk(ə)l/ adj. 热带的
hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ n. 卫生
turn /tɜːn/ v. 变成、使变成
threat /θret/ n. 威胁
nuisance /ˈnjuːs(ə)ns/ n. 让人讨厌的东西
biter /ˈbaɪtə(r)/ n. 叮咬者（由bite加上表示人或物的后缀-er）
The work marks "exciting progress," said Michigan State University professor Zhiyong Xi, who wasn't involved with the project but has long studied how Wolbachia can turn mosquitoes against themselves.
mark /mɑːk/ v. 标志着
progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 进展、进步
project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ n. 项目
More research is needed, specialists cautioned. "The results are pretty exciting – strong levels of reductions – but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas where the reductions are not as great," said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.
specialist /ˈspeʃ(ə)lɪst/ n. 专业人士、专家（由special加上表示人的后缀-ist）
caution /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/ v. 警告、告诫
level /ˈlev(ə)l/ n. 水平、数量
reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. 减少、降低
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