Android NestedScrolling机制

作者: Jack921 | 来源:发表于2018-09-25 20:54 被阅读220次

NestedScrolling机制现在在App的作用越来越重要，许多很漂亮的交互都是基于NestedScrolling机制进行完成的。

NestedScrolling机制主要是能够让父View和子View在滚动时互相协调配合。其中有两个重要的类，分别是：

接口类
NestedScrollingParent(最新:NestedScrollingParent2)
NestedScrollingChild(最新:NestedScrollingChild2)

帮助类
NestedScrollingChildHelper
NestedScrollingParentHelper

父类继承NestedScrollingParent接口，而子类继承NestedScrollingChild接口，同时让父类包含子类，而不是自接父子关系，就搭起了NestedScrollingParent机制的基本骨架。

其主要流程是：

子类滑动，把滑动产生的事件和参数传给父类
父类根据子类传过来的参数进行各种交互操作，如变大缩小之类的

而NestedScrollingChildHelper和NestedScrollingParentHelper是两个帮助类，在实现NestedScrollingChild和NestedScrollingParent接口时，使用这两个帮助类可以简化我们的工作。

NestedScrollingChild 接口类

public interface NestedScrollingChild {

    /**
     * 设置嵌套滑动是否能用
     */
    @Override
    public void setNestedScrollingEnabled(boolean enabled);

    /**
     * 判断嵌套滑动是否可用
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isNestedScrollingEnabled();

    /**
     * 开始嵌套滑动
     *
     * @param axes 表示方向轴，有横向和竖向
     */
    @Override
    public boolean startNestedScroll(int axes);

    /**
     * 停止嵌套滑动
     */
    @Override
    public void stopNestedScroll();

    /**
     * 判断是否有父View 支持嵌套滑动
     */
    @Override
    public boolean hasNestedScrollingParent() ;

    /**
     * 滑行时调用
     * @param velocityX x 轴上的滑动速率
     * @param velocityY y 轴上的滑动速率
     * @param consumed 是否被消费
     * @return  true if the nested scrolling parent consumed or otherwise reacted to the fling
     */
    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedFling(float velocityX, float velocityY, boolean consumed) ;

    /**
     * 进行滑行前调用
     * @param velocityX x 轴上的滑动速率
     * @param velocityY y 轴上的滑动速率
     * @return true if a nested scrolling parent consumed the fling
     */
    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedPreFling(float velocityX, float velocityY) ;

    /**
     * 子view处理scroll后调用
     * @param dxConsumed x轴上被消费的距离（横向）
     * @param dyConsumed y轴上被消费的距离（竖向）
     * @param dxUnconsumed x轴上未被消费的距离
     * @param dyUnconsumed y轴上未被消费的距离
     * @param offsetInWindow 子View的窗体偏移量
     * @return  true if the event was dispatched, false if it could not be dispatched.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedScroll(int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed, @Nullable int[] offsetInWindow) ;

    /**
     * 在子View的onInterceptTouchEvent或者onTouch中，调用该方法通知父View滑动的距离
     * @param dx  x轴上滑动的距离
     * @param dy  y轴上滑动的距离
     * @param consumed 父view消费掉的scroll长度
     * @param offsetInWindow   子View的窗体偏移量
     * @return 支持的嵌套的父View 是否处理了 滑动事件
     */
    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedPreScroll(int dx, int dy, @Nullable int[] consumed, @Nullable int[] offsetInWindow);

}

上面这个方法方法和代表的意思我都已经贴出来，然后是只是一个接口类上面的方法要怎么实现呢，这时候就要用到上面的帮助类NestedScrollingChildHelper，一个完整的实现模板如下：

public class MyNestedScrollingChild extends LinearLayout implements NestedScrollingChild {
    private NestedScrollingChildHelper mNestedScrollingChildHelper;

    public MyNestedScrollingChild(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        mNestedScrollingChildHelper = new NestedScrollingChildHelper(this);
        mNestedScrollingChildHelper.setNestedScrollingEnabled(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void setNestedScrollingEnabled(boolean enabled) {
        mNestedScrollingChildHelper.setNestedScrollingEnabled(enabled);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isNestedScrollingEnabled() {
        return mNestedScrollingChildHelper.isNestedScrollingEnabled();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean startNestedScroll(int axes) {
        return mNestedScrollingChildHelper.startNestedScroll(axes);
    }

    @Override
    public void stopNestedScroll() {
        mNestedScrollingChildHelper.stopNestedScroll();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasNestedScrollingParent() {
        return mNestedScrollingChildHelper.hasNestedScrollingParent();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedFling(float velocityX, float velocityY, boolean consumed) {
        return mNestedScrollingChildHelper.dispatchNestedFling(velocityX,velocityY,consumed);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedPreFling(float velocityX, float velocityY) {
        return mNestedScrollingChildHelper.dispatchNestedPreFling(velocityX,velocityY);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedScroll(int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed, @Nullable int[] offsetInWindow) {
        return mNestedScrollingChildHelper.dispatchNestedScroll(dxConsumed,dyConsumed,dxUnconsumed,dyUnconsumed,offsetInWindow);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedPreScroll(int dx, int dy, @Nullable int[] consumed, @Nullable int[] offsetInWindow) {
        return dispatchNestedPreScroll(dx,dy,consumed,offsetInWindow);
    }

}

NestedScrollingParent 接口

public interface NestedScrollingParent {

    @Override
    public boolean onStartNestedScroll(View child, View target, int nestedScrollAxes);

    @Override
    public void onStopNestedScroll(View child);

    @Override
    public void onNestedScrollAccepted(View child, View target, int axes);

    @Override
    public void onNestedScroll(View target, int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed);

    @Override
    public void onNestedPreScroll(View target, int dx, int dy, int[] consumed);

    @Override
    public boolean onNestedFling(View target, float velocityX, float velocityY, boolean consumed);

    @Override
    public boolean onNestedPreFling(View target, float velocityX, float velocityY);

    @Override
    public int getNestedScrollAxes();
}

从上面的代码可以看出NestedScrollingChild的方法执行之后就会回调父View的各个方法，从方法名也知道作用和NestedScrollingChild的用作大同小异。当子View执行startNestedScroll时，就会回调父View的onStartNestedScroll、onNestedScrollAccepted方法，当子View执行dispatchNestedPreScroll方法时，就会回调父View的onNestedPreScroll，当子View执行dispatchNestedScroll方法时，就会回调父View的onNestedScroll方法，由此类推，dispatchNestedPreFling回调父View的onNestedPreFling方法，dispatchNestedFling回调父View的onNestedFling方法，等。

同时也有几个接口是需要帮助类进行实现的，模板代码如下：

public class MyNestedScrollingParent extends LinearLayout implements NestedScrollingParent {
    private NestedScrollingParentHelper mNestedScrollingParentHelper;

    public MyNestedScrollingParent(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        mNestedScrollingParentHelper = new NestedScrollingParentHelper(this);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStartNestedScroll(View child, View target, int nestedScrollAxes) {
        return super.onStartNestedScroll(child, target, nestedScrollAxes);
    }

    @Override
    public void onNestedScroll(View target, int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed) {
        super.onNestedScroll(target, dxConsumed, dyConsumed, dxUnconsumed, dyUnconsumed);
    }

    @Override
    public void onNestedPreScroll(View target, int dx, int dy, int[] consumed) {
        super.onNestedPreScroll(target, dx, dy, consumed);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onNestedFling(View target, float velocityX, float velocityY, boolean consumed) {
        return super.onNestedFling(target, velocityX, velocityY, consumed);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onNestedPreFling(View target, float velocityX, float velocityY) {
        return super.onNestedPreFling(target, velocityX, velocityY);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStopNestedScroll(View child) {
        mNestedScrollingParentHelper.onStopNestedScroll(child);
    }

    @Override
    public void onNestedScrollAccepted(View child, View target, int axes) {
        mNestedScrollingParentHelper.onNestedScrollAccepted(child,target,axes);
    }

    @Override
    public int getNestedScrollAxes() {
        return mNestedScrollingParentHelper.getNestedScrollAxes();
    }

}

最后总结，子View通过startNestedScroll()发起嵌套滑动，同时父View也会回调自己的onStartNestedScroll()方法，接着子View每次在滚动前都会调用dispatchNestedPreScroll()方法,父View的onNestedPreScroll()也会操作，父View决定是否熬滑动，然后才是子View自己滑动，之后子View也可以调用上面的其它方法做相应的处理，最后调用stopNestedScroll()结束。

最后举一个实例吧

public class MyNestedScrollChild extends LinearLayout implements NestedScrollingChild2 {
    private NestedScrollingChildHelper mNestedScrollingChildHelper;
    private int[] offset=new int[2];
    private int[] consumed=new int[2];
    private TextView scrollText;
    private int showHeight;
    private int lastY;
    private  boolean srcollTop=false;

    public MyNestedScrollChild(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public MyNestedScrollChild(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        setBackgroundColor(context.getResources().getColor(R.color.colorffffff));
    }

    @Override
    protected void onFinishInflate() {
        super.onFinishInflate();
        scrollText=(TextView)getChildAt(0);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        showHeight = getMeasuredHeight();
        heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    }

    public boolean canChildScrollUp() {
        return srcollTop;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        switch(event.getAction()){
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                lastY=(int)event.getRawY();
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                int y=(int)(event.getRawY());
                int dy=y-lastY;
                lastY=y;
                if(startNestedScroll(ViewCompat.SCROLL_AXIS_VERTICAL)
                        &&dispatchNestedPreScroll(0,dy,consumed,offset)){
                    int remain = dy - consumed[1];
                    if (remain != 0) {
                        scrollBy(0, -remain);
                    }
                }else{
                    scrollBy(0, -dy);
                }
                break;
        }
        return true;
    }

    //限制滚动范围
    @Override
    public void scrollTo(int x, int y) {
        int maxY = getMeasuredHeight()- showHeight;
        if (y > maxY) {
            y = maxY;
            srcollTop=false;
        }else if (y < 0) {
            y = 0;
            srcollTop=true;
        }else{
            srcollTop=false;
        }
        super.scrollTo(x, y);
    }

    public NestedScrollingChildHelper getNestedScrollingChildHelper(){
        if(mNestedScrollingChildHelper==null){
            mNestedScrollingChildHelper=new NestedScrollingChildHelper(this);
            mNestedScrollingChildHelper.setNestedScrollingEnabled(true);
        }
        return mNestedScrollingChildHelper;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean startNestedScroll(int axes, int type) {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().startNestedScroll(axes,type);
    }

    @Override
    public void stopNestedScroll(int type) {
        getNestedScrollingChildHelper().stopNestedScroll(type);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasNestedScrollingParent(int type) {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().hasNestedScrollingParent(type);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedScroll(int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed,
                                        int dyUnconsumed, @Nullable int[] offsetInWindow, int type) {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().dispatchNestedScroll(dxConsumed,dyConsumed,
                dxUnconsumed,dyUnconsumed,offsetInWindow,type);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedPreScroll(int dx, int dy, @Nullable int[] consumed, @Nullable int[] offsetInWindow, int type) {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().dispatchNestedPreScroll(dx,dy,consumed,offsetInWindow,type);
    }

    @Override
    public void setNestedScrollingEnabled(boolean enabled) {
        getNestedScrollingChildHelper().setNestedScrollingEnabled(enabled);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isNestedScrollingEnabled() {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().isNestedScrollingEnabled();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean startNestedScroll(int axes) {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().startNestedScroll(axes);
    }

    @Override
    public void stopNestedScroll() {
        getNestedScrollingChildHelper().stopNestedScroll();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasNestedScrollingParent() {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().hasNestedScrollingParent();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedScroll(int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed,
                                        @Nullable int[] offsetInWindow) {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().dispatchNestedScroll(dxConsumed,dyConsumed,dxUnconsumed,dyUnconsumed,offsetInWindow);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedPreScroll(int dx, int dy, @Nullable int[] consumed, @Nullable int[] offsetInWindow) {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().dispatchNestedPreScroll(dx,dy,consumed,offsetInWindow);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedFling(float velocityX, float velocityY, boolean consumed) {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().dispatchNestedFling(velocityX,velocityY,consumed);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchNestedPreFling(float velocityX, float velocityY) {
        return getNestedScrollingChildHelper().dispatchNestedPreFling(velocityX,velocityY);
    }

}

首先给出NestedScrollingChild子View,重点看一下onTouchEvent()方法,当MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE时,不断的调用startNestedScroll()和dispatchNestedPreScroll()向父View发送直接，然后滚动通过scrollBy()滚动触发事件的View,这就是最核心的代码了，接着看父View代码如下：

public class MyNestedScrollParent extends LinearLayout implements NestedScrollingParent2 {
    private NestedScrollingParentHelper mNestedScrollingParentHelper;
    private MyNestedScrollChild scrollChildView;
    private ImageView foodIV;
    private TextView titleTV;
    private int imageHeight;
    private int titleHeight;
    private int imageMargin;
    private int scrollY;

    public MyNestedScrollParent(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public MyNestedScrollParent(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        mNestedScrollingParentHelper=new NestedScrollingParentHelper(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onFinishInflate() {
        super.onFinishInflate();
        FrameLayout frameLayout=(FrameLayout) getChildAt(0);
        scrollChildView=(MyNestedScrollChild) getChildAt(1);
        foodIV=frameLayout.findViewById(R.id.foodIV);
        titleTV=frameLayout.findViewById(R.id.titleTV);
        foodIV.getViewTreeObserver().addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
            @Override
            public void onGlobalLayout() {
                imageHeight=foodIV.getHeight();
            }
        });
        titleTV.getViewTreeObserver().addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
            @Override
            public void onGlobalLayout() {
                titleHeight=titleTV.getHeight();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStartNestedScroll(@NonNull View child, @NonNull View target, int axes, int type) {
        if(target instanceof MyNestedScrollChild) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void onNestedScrollAccepted(@NonNull View child, @NonNull View target, int axes, int type) {
        mNestedScrollingParentHelper.onNestedScrollAccepted(child,target,axes,type);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStopNestedScroll(@NonNull View target, int type) {
        mNestedScrollingParentHelper.onStopNestedScroll(target,type);
    }

    @Override
    public int getNestedScrollAxes() {
        return mNestedScrollingParentHelper.getNestedScrollAxes();
    }

    @Override
    public void onStopNestedScroll(@NonNull View target) {
        mNestedScrollingParentHelper.onStopNestedScroll(target);
    }

    @Override
    public void onNestedScroll(@NonNull View target, int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed,
                               int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed, int type) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onNestedPreScroll(@NonNull View target, int dx, int dy, @NonNull int[] consumed, int type) {
        imageMargin=titleHeight-imageHeight;
        scrollY+=dy;
        if(scrollY<=imageMargin){
            scrollY=imageMargin;
            scrollChildView.setTranslationY(scrollY);
        }else{
            if(dy<0){
                //上滑
                consumed[1]=dy;
                scrollChildView.setTranslationY(scrollY);
            }else{
                //下滑
                if(!scrollChildView.canChildScrollUp()){
                    scrollY-=dy;
                }
                if(scrollY>=0){
                    scrollY=0;
                }
                scrollChildView.setTranslationY(scrollY);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStartNestedScroll(@NonNull View child, @NonNull View target, int axes) {
        return false;
    }

}

前面的子View的dispatchNestedPreScroll()对应这个父View的onNestedScroll()如上面的代码，通过View.setTranslationY()来滑动整个子View，consumed[1]=dy;表示子View和滑动的View一起滑。最后看一下布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<com.jack.meituangoodsdetails.view.MyNestedScrollParent
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <FrameLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="170dp">

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/foodIV"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="170dp"
            android:src="@mipmap/food_bg"
            android:scaleType="fitXY"/>

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/titleTV"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textColor="@android:color/white"
            android:background="@color/color2e8b57"
            android:text="MyTitle"/>

    </FrameLayout>

    <com.jack.meituangoodsdetails.view.MyNestedScrollChild
        android:id="@+id/scroll_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/scrollText"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="123\n456\n789\n111\n222\n333\n444\n555\n666\n777\n888\n999\n14\n12\n13\n44\n55\n66\n77\n88\n99\n11\n22\n33\n44\n55\n66\n77\n88\n99\n77\n88\n88\n8\n88\n88\n" />
    </com.jack.meituangoodsdetails.view.MyNestedScrollChild>

</com.jack.meituangoodsdetails.view.MyNestedScrollParent>

父View包裹子View，以达成依赖关系。

讲了NestedScrolling,就有必要讲解CoordinatorLayout.Behavior，下回讲吧，最后奉上源码吧https://github.com/jack921/MeiTuanGoodsDetails

Android NestedScrolling机制

NestedScrollingChild 接口类

NestedScrollingParent 接口

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