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安装树梅派4B的Ubuntu18.04 的ROS系统

安装树梅派4B的Ubuntu18.04 的ROS系统

作者: yuanthu | 来源:发表于2021-08-16 20:08 被阅读0次

    我进行Tensorflow1.0 API下的Object detection进行目标检测,推荐在树莓派安装ubuntu18.04 + ROS,使用tensorflow API。
    TensorFlow1.0 Object detection API下载的地址,我使用了1.13.0:
    git clone git://github.com/YuanzhengMa/models/tree/r1.13.0

    下载镜像,我下载的石32位的server:
    https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/18.04/release/ubuntu-18.04.5-preinstalled-server-armhf+raspi4.img.xz
    将树莓派卡插入读卡器,使用官网Raspberry Pi Imager, https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/格式化后进行刻录:

    image.png

    这时候将卡插回树莓派就可以看到命令行,分别输入以下指令:

    1. 确保我们的系统为最新
    sudo apt-get update
    
    1. 更换apt源,打开 source.list
    sudo nano /etc/apt/source.list
    

    增加如下:

    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    
    1. 继续更新一次系统
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
    #sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-desktop # 安装mate
    
    1. 安装远程控制桌面,可以PC,Mac甚至手机端下载VNC viewer进行控制
    sudo apt-get install xrdp
    
    1. 安装ROS
    sudo apt-get update
    # ROS wki as reference
    # http://wiki.ros.org/melodic/Installation/Ubuntu
    # setup your sources.list
    sudo sh -c '. /etc/lsb-release && echo "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu/ `lsb_release -cs` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'
    

    5.1 设置source key

    sudo apt-key adv --keyserver 'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80' --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654
    
    sudo apt update
    

    5.2 安装ROS-melodic

    sudo apt install ros-melodic-desktop-full
    

    5.3 如果提示丢包,我建议kill掉进程后使用fix-missing:

    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt install ros-melodic-desktop-full --fix-missing
    

    5.4 环境设置

    # It's convenient if the ROS environment variables are automatically added to your bash session every time a new shell is launched: 
    
    echo "source /opt/ros/melodic/setup.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
    source ~/.bashrc
    

    5.5 安装python以及ROS相关依赖库

    sudo apt install python-rosdep python-rosinstall python-rosinstall-generator python-wstool build-essential
    

    5.6 安装rosdep,并执行更新,这个非常容易掉线:

    sudo rosdep init
    rosdep update
    

    如果失败,改大延迟,提高 rosdep update命中率

    sudo apt update
    

    5.6.1 打开 sudo nano sources_list.py

    cd /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdep2
    # 这里树莓派raspbian buster和他的路径是一致的
    sudo nano sources_list.py
    

    5.6.2 在如下download_rosdep_data中,将url更改为"https://ghproxy.com/"+url:

    # seconds to wait before aborting download of rosdep data
    DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 300.0
    
    
    def download_rosdep_data(url):
        """
        :raises: :exc:`DownloadFailure` If data cannot be
            retrieved (e.g. 404, bad YAML format, server down).
        """
        try:
            # http/https URLs need custom requests to specify the user-agent, since$
            # requests from the default user-agent.
            url="https://ghproxy.com/"+url
    

    5.6.3 打开sudo nano gbpdistro_support.py,将延迟由15更改为300

    # seconds to wait before aborting download of gbpdistro data
    DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 300.0
    
    

    5.6.4 打开sudo nano rep3.py
    将DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT延时15更改为300

    cd /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rosdistro$ ,对init.py原先DEFAULT_INDEX_URL前端加入'https://ghproxy.com/
    最终:DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'https://ghproxy.com/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'

    sudo nano __init__.py
    
    
    # same version as in:
    # - setup.py
    # - stdeb.cfg
    __version__ = '0.8.3'
    
    # index information
    
    #DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'
    DEFAULT_INDEX_URL = 'https://ghproxy.com/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml'
    

    然后再执行安装rosdep update

    ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt update
    rosdep update
    sudo apt update
    

    如果解析域名失败,修改google域名的解决办法:

    sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf
    

    5.6.5 将原有的nameserver这一行注释,并添加以下两行:

    nameserver 8.8.8.8 #google域名服务器
    
    nameserver 8.8.4.4 #google域名服务器
    

    5.6.6 保存退出,执行

    sudo  apt-get update
    

    5.6.7 再执行更新

    rosdep update
    
    sudo apt update
    
    1. 执行roscore,启动ros程序
    roscore
    
    1. crtl + alt + T,新建terminal, 运行turtlesim
    rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
    
    1. 再新建终端,ctrl + alt + T,
    rosrun turtlesim turtle_teleop_key
    

    修改串口,这个很重要后面ROS控制需要

    1. 查看当前串口状态,交换蓝牙串口和mini-uart
    ls /dev/ -all
    
    cd /boot/firmware
    sudo nano config.txt
    

    9.1 在文件最后新增

    dtoverlay=miniuart-bt
    force_turbo=1
    

    9.2 reboot一下,最终状态为

    crw-rw----   1 root   dialout 204,  64 Aug  6  2020 ttyAMA0
    crw-rw----   1 root   dialout   4,  64 Aug  6  2020 ttyS0
    

    9.3 打开firmware,将第三第四删除,

    cd /boot/firmware
    sudo nano nobtcmd.txt
    

    最终修正为

    net.ifnames=0 dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=tty1 root=LABEL=writable rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline rootwait fixrtc
    

    9.4 reboot一下,查看最终修改状态,查看用户组是否在dailout,查看串口读写权限,安装rosserial测试

    crw-rw----   1 root   dialout 204,  64 Aug  6  2020 ttyAMA0
    crw-rw----   1 root   dialout   4,  64 Aug  6  2020 ttyS0
    

    9.5 输入:

    groups ubuntu
    

    显示ubuntu : ubuntu adm dialout cdrom floppy sudo audio dip video plugdev lxd。。。。。。

    1. 安装ros-melodic-rosserial
    sudo apt install ros-melodic-rosserial ros-melodic-rosserial-arduino
    
    1. 启动roscore,设置rosrundiaoyong串口,在未链接外设情况下启动测试rosserial,显示同步15秒超时
    roscore
    
    rosrun rosserial_python serial_node.py _port:=/dev/ttyAMA0 _baud:=115200
    

    配置swap

    1. 配置swap为2GB基本够用,目的是为了防止因为内存不足引起树梅派(如4b1G)catkin_make闹错,因为内存引起的catkin_make报错也可限制核心数量,如-j1或-j2
    sudo apt-get install dphys-swapfile
    sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile
    

    去掉注释#,修改CONF_SWAPSIZE为修改

    CONF_SWAPSIZE=2048
    
    1. 查看swap是否生效
    reboot
    free -h
    

    完毕,速度哦

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