前提

本文来源于https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/saving_loading_models.html#

SAVING AND LOADING MODELS

当提到保存和加载模型时，有三个核心功能需要熟悉：
1.torch.save：将序列化的对象保存到disk。这个函数使用Python的pickle实用程序进行序列化。使用这个函数可以保存各种对象的模型、张量和字典。
2.torch.load：使用pickle unpickle工具将pickle的对象文件反序列化为内存。
3.torch.nn.Module.load_state_dict:使用反序列化状态字典加载model’s参数字典。

一：WHAT IS A STATE_DICT

在PyTorch中，torch.nn.Module的可学习参数(即权重和偏差)，模块模型包含在model's参数中(通过model.parameters()访问)。state_dict是个简单的Python dictionary对象，它将每个层映射到它的参数张量。
注意，只有具有可学习参数的层(卷积层、线性层等)才有model's state_dict中的条目。优化器对象(connector .optim)也有一个state_dict，其中包含关于优化器状态以及所使用的超参数的信息。
Example:

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
# Define model
class TheModelClass(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(TheModelClass,self).__init__()
        self.conv1=nn.Conv2d(3,6,5)
        self.pool=nn.MaxPool2d(2,2)
        self.conv2=nn.Conv2d(6,16,5)
        self.fc1=nn.Linear(16*5*5,120)
        self.fc2=nn.Linear(120,84)
        self.fc3=nn.Linear(84,10)
    def farward(self,x):
        x=self.pool(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
        x=self.pool(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
        x=x.view(-1,16*5*5)
        x=F.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x=F.relu(self.fc2(x))
        x=self.fc3(x)
        return x
# Initialize model
model=TheModelClass()
# Initialize optimizer
optimizer=torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=1e-4,momentum=0.9)

print("Model's state_dict:")
# Print model's state_dict
for param_tensor in model.state_dict():
    print(param_tensor,"\t",model.state_dict()[param_tensor].size())
print("optimizer's state_dict:")
# Print optimizer's state_dict
for var_name in optimizer.state_dict():
    print(var_name,"\t",optimizer.state_dict()[var_name])

Output:

Model's state_dict:
conv1.weight     torch.Size([6, 3, 5, 5])
conv1.bias   torch.Size([6])
conv2.weight     torch.Size([16, 6, 5, 5])
conv2.bias   torch.Size([16])
fc1.weight   torch.Size([120, 400])
fc1.bias     torch.Size([120])
fc2.weight   torch.Size([84, 120])
fc2.bias     torch.Size([84])
fc3.weight   torch.Size([10, 84])
fc3.bias     torch.Size([10])
optimizer's state_dict:
state    {}
param_groups     [{'lr': 0.0001, 'momentum': 0.9, 'dampening': 0, 'weight_decay': 0, 'nesterov': False, 'params': [1310469552240, 1310469552384, 1310469552456, 1310469552528, 1310469552600, 1310469552672, 1310469552744, 1310469552816, 1310469552888, 1310469552960]}]

二：SAVING & LOADING MODEL FOR INFERENCE

Save/Load state_dict (Recommended)

• Save:

     torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
  

在保存模型进行推理时，只需要保存训练过的模型的学习参数即可。一个常见的PyTorch约定是使用.pt或.pth文件扩展名保存模型。

• Load:

   model = TheModelClass(*args, **kwargs)
   model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH))
   model.eval()
  

记住，您必须调用model.eval()，以便在运行推断之前将dropout和batch规范化层设置为评估模式。如果不这样做，将会产生不一致的推断结果。

Note:

 注意，load_state_dict()函数接受一个dictionary对象，而不是保存对象的路径。这意味着您必须在将保存的state_dict传至load_state_dict()函数之前反序列化它。

Save/Load Entire Model

• Save:

    torch.save(model, PATH)
  

• Load:

  # Model class must be defined somewhere
    model = torch.load(PATH)
   model.eval()
  

三：

Save:

       torch.save({
        'epoch': epoch,
        'model_state_dict': model.state_dict(),
        'optimizer_state_dict': optimizer.state_dict(),
        'loss': loss,
        ...
        }, PATH)

</pre>

Load:

         model = TheModelClass(*args, **kwargs)
         optimizer = TheOptimizerClass(*args, **kwargs)

        checkpoint = torch.load(PATH)
        model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model_state_dict'])
        optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer_state_dict'])
        epoch = checkpoint['epoch']
        loss = checkpoint['loss']

         model.eval()
        # - or -
        model.train()</pre>

在保存用于推理或恢复训练的通用检查点时，必须保存模型的state_dict。另外，保存优化器的state_dict也是很重要的，因为它包含缓冲区和参数，这些缓冲区和参数是在模型训练时更新的。要保存多个组件，请将它们组织在字典中，并使用torch.save()序列化字典。一个常见的PyTorch约定是使用.tar文件扩展名保存这些检查点。

四：SAVING & LOADING MODEL ACROSS DEVICES

Save on GPU, Load on CPU

• Save:

    torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
  

• Load:

    device = torch.device('cpu')
    model = TheModelClass(*args, **kwargs)
    model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH, map_location=device))
  

Save on GPU, Load on GPU

• Save:

    torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
  

• Load:

    device = torch.device("cuda")
    model = TheModelClass(*args, **kwargs)
    model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH))
    model.to(device)
    # Make sure to call input = input.to(device) on any input tensors that you feed to the model
  

Save on CPU, Load on GPU

• Save:

    torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
  

• Load:

    device = torch.device("cuda")
    model = TheModelClass(*args, **kwargs)
    model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH, map_location="cuda:0"))  # Choose whatever GPU device number you want
   model.to(device)
    # Make sure to call input = input.to(device) on any input tensors that you feed to the model
  

Saving torch.nn.DataParallel Models

• Save:

    torch.save(model.module.state_dict(), PATH)
  

• Load:

   # Load to whatever device you want
  

torch.nn.DataParallel是支持并行GPU使用的模型包装器。为了节省DataParallel模型属性,保存model.module.state_dict()。通过这种方式，您可以灵活地以任何方式加载模型以加载任何设备。