第056句

In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall "

译文：在应对如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说：“合则存，分则亡。”

点睛：本句中介词短语in dealing with.…scale是句子的状语。it是句子的形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式结构to say...。“Unity we stand，divided we fall.”是一个省略句，完整形式为：If we area unity,we stand;if we are divided.we fall.

第057句

The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

译文：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别之前就早已在欧洲扎根了。

点睛：本句中that引导的是assumed的宾语从句。which引导的非限定性定语从句，对前面整个句子进行说明，该定语从句又包含before引导的时间状语从句。而how引导的是realized的宾语从句。some此处意为“某个，某些”，表示不确定的概念。take root in意为“在…扎根”。

第058句

We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

译文：我们很感激他们，因为在此之后，由于说这些语言的部族或是灭绝，或是被同化并丧失了自己的本族语言，这些语言中有一些已经消失了。

点睛：本句的主干为we are obliged to them+ because引导的原因状语从句，该原因状语从句中还包含由as引导的另一个原因状语从句。who引导的是以peoples为先行词的定语从句。短语be obliged( to sb.) for sth. /doing sth.意为“受恩惠而感激（某人）”。die out此处意为“灭绝，逐渐消失”。

考点归纳：与动词die相关的常见短语还有：

• die away慢慢变弱，渐渐消失
  The strange noise died away.
  那奇怪的噪音慢慢消失了。

• die down减弱，平息
  Don’t worry; the gossip will soon die down.
  别担心，流言不久就会平息的。

• die off相继死去
  The plants in the garden died off.
  花园里的植物相继死去。

第059句

The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.

译文：这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲的语言和东南亚的语言往往差别显著，这使得有些学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨丕尔捏造数据。

点睛：本句的主干是...languages were...different...，句中包含so...that...结构。过去分词短语newly described和well studied分别作languages和languages of...的定语。accuse sb. of doing sth.意为“指责某人做某事”。

第060句

Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

译文：沃尔夫对语言与思维之间的关系很感兴趣，并形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。

点睛：该句的主干是Whorf developed the idea...，现在分词短语being interested in...作句子的状语，所描述的对象就是句子的主语Whorf。that引导的是idea的同位语从句，其中in a society作状语。

考点归纳：现在分词短语作状语一般有以下几种情况：

• 表伴随动作
  Opening the drawer,he took out an envelope.
  他打开抽屉，拿出一个信封。

• 表原因
  Feeling rather tired,1 went to bed.
  由于感到很疲倦，我就睡觉了。

• 表时间
  Walking through the park, we saw a flower show.
  我们从公园穿过时看到一个花卉展。