导读
宏基因组分析分为物种分析和功能分析两大块。物种组成分析是物种分析中最基本最常见的分析方法。利用R语言堆叠图,我们可以将一个项目中所有样品的物种组成展示出来。下面介绍如何利用R语言进行物种组成分析和可视化。过程分为以下几步:1)模拟丰度矩阵;2)模拟分组;3)标准化丰度;4)调整格式;5)ggplot2绘制堆叠图、冲积图、分面、分组、堆叠面积图。
1 模拟丰度矩阵
set.seed(1995)
# 随机种子
data=matrix(abs(round(rnorm(200, mean=1000, sd=500))), 20, 10)
# 随机正整数,20行,20列
colnames(data)=paste("Species", 1:10, sep=".")
# 列名
rownames(data)=paste("Sample", 1:20, sep=".")
# 行名
# 得到样品物种丰度矩阵,如下:
2 模拟分组
group=c("A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B")
sample_id=rownames(data)
data_group=data.frame(sample_id, group)
# 得到分组文件,如下:
3 标准化丰度
data_norm=data
for(i in 1:20){
sample_sum=apply(data, 1, sum)
# 统计每个样品的总细菌数量
for(j in 1:10){
data_norm[i,j]=data[i,j]/sample_sum[i]
# 将每个样品的总细菌数量控制为1
}
}
4 调整格式
library(reshape2)
# 加载用于处理数据格式的reshape2包
Taxonomy=colnames(data)
# 从data矩阵中提取物种分类信息
data_frame=data.frame(t(data_norm), Taxonomy)
# 新建数据框
data_frame=melt(data_frame, id='Taxonomy')
# 根据Taxonomy和Sample将所有丰度竖着排列
names(data_frame)[2]='sample_id'
# 重命名variable为sample_id,保持与data_group的样品变量名一致
data_frame=merge(data_frame, data_group, by='sample_id')
# 根据样品变量名,给data_frame添加分组信息,如下:
5 ggplot2绘制堆叠图
1 普通堆叠图
geom_col(position = 'stack')”,y轴展示原始计数
geom_col(position = 'fill'),y轴展示菌丰度除以其在各样本中的菌总丰度
library(ggplot2)
stack_plot=ggplot(data_frame, aes(x=sample_id, fill=Taxonomy, y=value*100))+
# 数据输入:样本、物种、丰度
geom_col(position='stack') +
# stack:堆叠图
labs(x='Samples', y='Relative Abundance (%)')+
# 给xy轴取名
scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0, 0))+
# 调整y轴属性
theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=45, hjust=1))
# angle:调整横轴标签倾斜角度
# hjust:上下移动横轴标签
ggsave(stack_plot, filename="stack_plot.pdf")
2 拆成柱形图
geom_bar()和geom_col()都可以完成堆叠图和柱形图
position=position_dodge(0)默认值为0,即默认绘制堆叠图,如果position_dodge > width则能拆开堆叠图得到分组柱形图。
stack_plot = ggplot(data_frame, aes(x=sample_id, fill=Taxonomy, y=value))+
# 数据输入:样本、物种、丰度
geom_bar(stat="identity", position=position_dodge(0.75), width=0.5) +
# geom_col(position=position_dodge(0.75), width=0.5) +
# stack:堆叠图
labs(x='Samples', y='Relative Abundance (%)')+
# 给xy轴取名
scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0, 0))+
# 调整y轴属性
theme_classic() +
theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=45, hjust=1))
ggsave(stack_plot, filename="stack_plot.pdf", width=14)
3 添加冲积图
geom_bar(stat='identity') # 同样可以做堆叠图
geom_alluvium() # 添加冲积图
geom_stratum(width=0.45, size=0.1) # 添加阶层,下图中的黑线
安装依赖:
install.packages("ggalluvial")
library("ggalluvial")
install.packages("rlang", version="0.4.7")
packageVersion("rlang")
绘制冲积图:
stack_plot=ggplot(data_frame,
aes(x=sample_id,
y=value*100,
fill=Taxonomy,
stratum = Taxonomy,
alluvium = Taxonomy)) +
geom_bar(stat='identity', width=0.45) +
geom_alluvium() +
geom_stratum(width=0.45, size=0.1) +
labs(x='Samples', y='Relative Abundance (%)')+
scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0, 0))+
theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=45, hjust=1))
ggsave(stack_plot, filename="stack_plot.pdf")
4 添加facet_wrap分面
facet_wrap(~group, scales = 'free_x', ncol = 2) # 按group组,X轴,分2面
stack_plot=ggplot(data_frame, aes(x=sample_id,
fill=Taxonomy,
y=value*100,
stratum = Taxonomy,
alluvium = Taxonomy))+
geom_col(position='stack') +
geom_alluvium() +
geom_stratum(width=0.45, size=0.1) +
labs(x='Samples', y='Relative Abundance (%)')+
scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0, 0))+
theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=45, hjust=1))+
facet_wrap(~group, scales = 'free_x', ncol = 2)
ggsave(stack_plot, filename="stack_plot.pdf")
5 添加geom_segment分组标记
数据准备:准备geom_segment需要的x、x_end值
x_start = c()
x_end = c()
for(i in 1:nrow(data_frame))
{
tmp = unlist(strsplit(as.character(data_frame[,1])[i], split="\\."))
x_start = c(x_start, as.numeric(tmp[2]) - 0.5)
x_end = c(x_end, as.numeric(tmp[2]) + 0.5)
}
data_frame = data.frame(data_frame, x_start, x_end)
绘图:
stack_plot = ggplot(data=data_frame, mapping=aes(x=sample_id,
fill=Taxonomy,
y=value*100,
stratum = Taxonomy,
alluvium = Taxonomy)) +
geom_col(position='stack') +
geom_alluvium() +
geom_stratum(width=0.45, size=0.1) +
labs(x='Samples', y='Relative Abundance (%)') +
theme_classic() +
theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=45, hjust=1)) +
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0, 115),
# 定义y轴范围
expand = c(0, 0),
# 定义y轴外展范围
breaks = c(0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100)) +
# 定义y轴展示的每个刻度
geom_segment(mapping=aes(
x = x_start,
y = 105,
xend = x_end,
yend = 105,
color = group
), size = 5)
ggsave(stack_plot, filename="stack_plot.pdf")
6 翻转90度
facet_wrap(~group, scales = 'free_y', ncol = 2) # 按group组,Y轴,分2面
coord_flip() # 旋转90度
stack_plot=ggplot(data_frame, aes(x=sample_id,
fill=Taxonomy,
y=value*100,
stratum = Taxonomy,
alluvium = Taxonomy))+
geom_col(position='stack') +
geom_alluvium() +
geom_stratum(width=0.45, size=0.1) +
labs(x='Samples', y='Relative Abundance (%)')+
scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0, 0))+
theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=45, hjust=1))+
facet_wrap(~group, scales = 'free_y', ncol = 2) +
coord_flip()
ggsave(stack_plot, filename="stack_plot.pdf")
7 绘制堆叠面积图
数据准备:给每个样品按数字编号
id=rep(1:20, each=10)
data_frame=data.frame(data_frame, id)
# 给每个样品重新编号
绘图:
stack_plot=ggplot(data_frame, aes(id, fill=Taxonomy, value*100))+
geom_area() +
# 堆叠面积图
labs(x='Samples', y='Relative Abundance (%)')+
scale_x_continuous(breaks=1:20, labels=as.character(1:20), expand=c(0, 0))+
scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0, 0))+
# 调整x轴刻度和坐标轴属性
theme(panel.grid=element_blank(), panel.background=element_rect(color='black', fill='transparent'))
# 调整背景
ggsave(stack_plot, filename="stack_plot.pdf")
这配色似乎还可以
ggplot(input, aes(x=name, y=value, fill=variable)) +
geom_col(position="stack") +
theme_classic() +
scale_fill_manual(values=brewer.pal(6, "Set2")) +
theme(legend.text=element_text(size=15),
legend.title=element_text(face='bold', size=20)) +
theme(axis.title = element_text(size = 20),
axis.text = element_text(size = 18),
axis.line = element_line(size = 1),
axis.ticks = element_line(size = 1)) +
theme(text=element_text(family="serif")) +
labs(x="Phyla", y="CAZyme genes per genome", fill="CAZymes") +
coord_flip()
一组好看的堆叠图参数:
ggplot(input, aes(x=variable, y=value*100, fill=Genus)) +
geom_col(position="stack") +
theme_classic() +
scale_fill_manual(values = colors) +
theme(legend.text=element_text(size=15),
legend.title=element_text(face='bold', size=20)) +
labs(x="",
y="Relative abundance",
fill="Genus") +
theme(title = element_text(size = 15, face="bold")) +
scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 0)) +
theme(axis.title = element_text(size = 25),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 18),
axis.line = element_line(size = 1),
axis.ticks = element_line(size = 1)) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 60,
hjust = 1,
size = 20,
color = col_text))
ggsave(result, file="phylum_stack.png", width = 10)
ggsave(result, file="phylum_stack.pdf", width = 10)
参考:
R语言ggplot2绘制分组箱型图和分组柱状图
Make Grouped Boxplots with ggplot2
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