Android自定义View总结
[toc]
步骤
- 自定义View的属性
- 在View的构造方法获取我们自定义的属性值
- 重写onMesure()方法
- 重写onDraw()方法
自定义View的属性
在res/values/下建立attrs.xml,定义控件的属性和样式,如下所示:
<declare-styleable name="CircleImageView">
<attr name="border_width" format="dimension" />
<attr name="border_color" format="color" />
</declare-styleable>
format为取值类型,有以下类型:
- string 字符串
- color 颜色值,如#ffffff
- dimension 尺寸,xml中设置为dp/dip, 字体为sp
- integer 数值 1
- enum 枚举类型
- reference 引用,如@drawable/ic_launcher
- float 浮点类型 如1.0
- boolean 布尔类型 true或false
- fraction 百分数 如100%
- flag 位或运算
在xml布局文件中,声明我们的自定义View,示例代码:
<com.infzm.o2o.view.CircleImageView
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/iv_head_icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="59dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
android:src="@drawable/ic_profile_user_default"
app:border_color="@color/white"
app:border_width="2dp" >
注意需要引入命名空间,xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto",不然无法使用我们的属性
在View的构造方法获取我们自定义的属性值
重写3个构造方法,示例代码如下:
public CircleImageView(Context context) {
super(context);
init();
}
public CircleImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public CircleImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CircleImageView, defStyle, 0);
// 获取边界的宽度
mBorderWidth = a.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.CircleImageView_border_width, DEFAULT_BORDER_WIDTH);
// 获取边界的颜色
mBorderColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.CircleImageView_border_color, DEFAULT_BORDER_COLOR);
// 回收TypedArray,以便后面重用
a.recycle();
init();
}
重写onMesure()方法
这个方法用来计算View的大小,如果需要计算View的大小,则需要重写此方法。
示例代码:
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
int width;
int height;
...
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
// Parent has told us how big to be. So be it.
width = widthSize;
} else {
if (mLayout != null && mEllipsize == null) {
des = desired(mLayout);
}
...
setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
}
这里有几个点需要提一下是specMode,我们视图的规格模式,有三种类型:
- MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:父视图希望子视图的大小应该是specSize中指定的,一般是设置了明确的值或者说是MATCH_PARENT。
- MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:子视图的大小最多是specSize中指定的值,不建议子视图大小超过specSize中给定的值,一般为WRAP_CONTENT。
- MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:可以随意指定视图的大小。
最终我们会调用setMesuredDimension(width, height);来设置最终视图的大小,width和height就是我们计算得来的值。
重写onDraw()方法
我们通过这个方法来绘制我们的视图,示例代码:
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
if (getDrawable() == null) {
return;
}
canvas.drawCircle(getWidth() / 2, getHeight() / 2, mDrawableRadius, mBitmapPaint);
if (mBorderWidth != 0) {
canvas.drawCircle(getWidth() / 2, getHeight() / 2, mBorderRadius, mBorderPaint);
}
}
比如示例代码中,我们通过画布来绘制一个圆形。
最后附上开源控件,自定义圆形头像的解析:
package com.infzm.o2o.view;
import com.infzm.o2o.R;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapShader;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Matrix;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import android.graphics.Shader;
import android.graphics.drawable.BitmapDrawable;
import android.graphics.drawable.ColorDrawable;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.widget.ImageView;
/**
* 自定义圆形头像
* @author wwj_748
*
*/
public class CircleImageView extends ImageView {
/**
* 缩放类型
*/
private static final ScaleType SCALE_TYPE = ScaleType.CENTER_CROP;
/**
* 位图配置
* ARGB_8888代表
* A:透明度:8
* R:红色:8
* G:绿:8
* B:蓝:8
* 表示图片每个像素点占8+8+8+8 = 32位
*/
private static final Bitmap.Config BITMAP_CONFIG = Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;
private static final int COLORDRAWABLE_DIMENSION = 1;
private static final int DEFAULT_BORDER_WIDTH = 0; // 默认边界宽度
private static final int DEFAULT_BORDER_COLOR = Color.BLACK; // 默认边界颜色
private final RectF mDrawableRect = new RectF();
private final RectF mBorderRect = new RectF();
private final Matrix mShaderMatrix = new Matrix();
private final Paint mBitmapPaint = new Paint();
private final Paint mBorderPaint = new Paint();
private int mBorderColor = DEFAULT_BORDER_COLOR;
private int mBorderWidth = DEFAULT_BORDER_WIDTH;
private Bitmap mBitmap;
private BitmapShader mBitmapShader; // 位图渲染
private int mBitmapWidth; // 位图宽度
private int mBitmapHeight; // 位图高度
private float mDrawableRadius; // 图片半径
private float mBorderRadius; // 带边框的的图片半径
private boolean mReady;
private boolean mSetupPending;
public CircleImageView(Context context) {
super(context);
init();
}
public CircleImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public CircleImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CircleImageView, defStyle, 0);
// 获取边界的宽度
mBorderWidth = a.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.CircleImageView_border_width, DEFAULT_BORDER_WIDTH);
// 获取边界的颜色
mBorderColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.CircleImageView_border_color, DEFAULT_BORDER_COLOR);
// 回收TypedArray,以便后面重用
a.recycle();
init();
}
private void init() {
super.setScaleType(SCALE_TYPE);
mReady = true;
if (mSetupPending) {
setup();
mSetupPending = false;
}
}
@Override
public ScaleType getScaleType() {
return SCALE_TYPE;
}
@Override
public void setScaleType(ScaleType scaleType) {
if (scaleType != SCALE_TYPE) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("ScaleType %s not supported.", scaleType));
}
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
if (getDrawable() == null) {
return;
}
// 绘制圆形图片
canvas.drawCircle(getWidth() / 2, getHeight() / 2, mDrawableRadius, mBitmapPaint);
if (mBorderWidth != 0) { // 如果边界不为0,怎绘制带边框的圆形图片
canvas.drawCircle(getWidth() / 2, getHeight() / 2, mBorderRadius, mBorderPaint);
}
}
@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
setup();
}
public int getBorderColor() {
return mBorderColor;
}
public void setBorderColor(int borderColor) {
if (borderColor == mBorderColor) {
return;
}
mBorderColor = borderColor;
mBorderPaint.setColor(mBorderColor);
invalidate();
}
public int getBorderWidth() {
return mBorderWidth;
}
public void setBorderWidth(int borderWidth) {
if (borderWidth == mBorderWidth) {
return;
}
mBorderWidth = borderWidth;
setup();
}
@Override
public void setImageBitmap(Bitmap bm) {
super.setImageBitmap(bm);
mBitmap = bm;
setup();
}
@Override
public void setImageDrawable(Drawable drawable) {
super.setImageDrawable(drawable);
mBitmap = getBitmapFromDrawable(drawable);
setup();
}
@Override
public void setImageResource(int resId) {
super.setImageResource(resId);
mBitmap = getBitmapFromDrawable(getDrawable());
setup();
}
@Override
public void setImageURI(Uri uri) {
super.setImageURI(uri);
mBitmap = getBitmapFromDrawable(getDrawable());
setup();
}
/**
* Drawable转Bitmap
* @param drawable
* @return
*/
private Bitmap getBitmapFromDrawable(Drawable drawable) {
if (drawable == null) {
return null;
}
if (drawable instanceof BitmapDrawable) {
return ((BitmapDrawable) drawable).getBitmap();
}
try {
Bitmap bitmap;
if (drawable instanceof ColorDrawable) {
bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(COLORDRAWABLE_DIMENSION, COLORDRAWABLE_DIMENSION, BITMAP_CONFIG);
} else {
bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(), BITMAP_CONFIG);
}
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
drawable.setBounds(0, 0, canvas.getWidth(), canvas.getHeight());
drawable.draw(canvas);
return bitmap;
} catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
return null;
}
}
private void setup() {
if (!mReady) {
mSetupPending = true;
return;
}
if (mBitmap == null) {
return;
}
// 构建渲染器
mBitmapShader = new BitmapShader(mBitmap, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
// 设置反锯齿
mBitmapPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
// 设置画笔渲染器
mBitmapPaint.setShader(mBitmapShader);
// 设置画笔样式
mBorderPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
mBorderPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mBorderPaint.setColor(mBorderColor);
mBorderPaint.setStrokeWidth(mBorderWidth);
// 得到位图宽高
mBitmapHeight = mBitmap.getHeight();
mBitmapWidth = mBitmap.getWidth();
// 设置含边框显示区域
mBorderRect.set(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
// 计算半径
mBorderRadius = Math.min((mBorderRect.height() - mBorderWidth) / 2, (mBorderRect.width() - mBorderWidth) / 2);
// 设置图片显示区域:即View的大小区域减去边界的大小
mDrawableRect.set(mBorderWidth, mBorderWidth, mBorderRect.width() - mBorderWidth, mBorderRect.height() - mBorderWidth);
// 计算图片区域的半径
mDrawableRadius = Math.min(mDrawableRect.height() / 2, mDrawableRect.width() / 2);
updateShaderMatrix();
invalidate();
}
private void updateShaderMatrix() {
float scale;
float dx = 0;
float dy = 0;
mShaderMatrix.set(null);
// 如果位图的高度*显示图片区域的高度 大于 位图高度 * 图片区域宽度
if (mBitmapWidth * mDrawableRect.height() > mDrawableRect.width() * mBitmapHeight) {
// 按高计算缩放比例
scale = mDrawableRect.height() / (float) mBitmapHeight;
dx = (mDrawableRect.width() - mBitmapWidth * scale) * 0.5f;
} else {
// 按宽计算缩放比例
scale = mDrawableRect.width() / (float) mBitmapWidth;
dy = (mDrawableRect.height() - mBitmapHeight * scale) * 0.5f;
}
// shaeder的变换矩阵,我们这里主要用于放大或者缩小。
mShaderMatrix.setScale(scale, scale);
// 平移
mShaderMatrix.postTranslate((int) (dx + 0.5f) + mBorderWidth, (int) (dy + 0.5f) + mBorderWidth);
// 设置变换矩阵
mBitmapShader.setLocalMatrix(mShaderMatrix);
}
}
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