简介
本教程将教你如何使用Go语言构建WebSocket服务器和客户端,以实现双向
通信。我们将介绍如何创建一个WebSocket服务器,用于接收来自客户端的消息,以及如何创建一个WebSocket客户端,用于与服务器通信。我们还将介绍一个简单的HTML页面,演示如何在浏览器中使用WebSocket客户端与服务器进行通信。
操作
1.创建一个文件夹.
2.使用GO mod初始化
go mod init your_module_name
3.创建文件
4.
go get github.com/gorilla/websocket
WebSocket 服务器
首先,我们将创建一个WebSocket服务器,用于接收来自客户端的消息。我们使用github.com/gorilla/websocket
包来处理WebSocket连接。
WsServer.go
// 导入必要的包
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)
// 创建WsServer结构体
type WsServer struct {
listener net.Listener
addr string
upgrade *websocket.Upgrader
}
// 初始化WsServer
func NewWsServer() *WsServer {
ws := new(WsServer)
ws.addr = "0.0.0.0:10215"
ws.upgrade = &websocket.Upgrader{
ReadBufferSize: 4096,
WriteBufferSize: 1024,
CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool {
if r.Method != "GET" {
fmt.Println("method is not GET")
return false
}
if r.URL.Path != "/ws" {
fmt.Println("path error")
return false
}
return true
},
}
return ws
}
// 处理WebSocket连接
func (self *WsServer) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
if r.URL.Path != "/ws" {
httpCode := http.StatusInternalServerError
reasePhrase := http.StatusText(httpCode)
fmt.Println("path error ", reasePhrase)
http.Error(w, reasePhrase, httpCode)
return
}
conn, err := self.upgrade.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("websocket error:", err)
return
}
fmt.Println("client connect:", conn.RemoteAddr())
go self.connHandle(conn)
}
// 处理WebSocket连接中的消息
func (self *WsServer) connHandle(conn *websocket.Conn) {
defer func() {
conn.Close()
}()
stopCh := make(chan int)
go self.send(conn, stopCh)
for {
conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(5000)))
_, msg, err := conn.ReadMessage()
if err != nil {
close(stopCh)
if netErr, ok := err.(net.Error); ok {
if netErr.Timeout() {
fmt.Printf("ReadMessage timeout remote: %v\n", conn.RemoteAddr())
return
}
}
if websocket.IsUnexpectedCloseError(err, websocket.CloseGoingAway, websocket.CloseNormalClosure) {
fmt.Printf("ReadMessage other remote:%v error: %v \n", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
}
return
}
fmt.Println("Received message:", string(msg))
}
}
// 向客户端发送消息
func (self *WsServer) send(conn *websocket.Conn, stopCh chan int) {
self.send10(conn)
for {
select {
case <-stopCh:
fmt.Println("connection closed")
return
case <-time.After(time.Second * 1):
data := fmt.Sprintf("Hello WebSocket test from server %v", time.Now().UnixNano())
err := conn.WriteMessage(1, []byte(data))
fmt.Println("Sending....")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("send message failed ", err)
return
}
}
}
}
// 测试一次性发送10万条数据给客户端
func (self *WsServer) send10(conn *websocket.Conn) {
for i := 0; i < 100000; i++ {
data := fmt.Sprintf("Hello WebSocket test from server %v", time.Now().UnixNano())
err := conn.WriteMessage(1, []byte(data))
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("send message failed ", err)
return
}
}
}
// 启动WebSocket服务器
func (w *WsServer) Start() (err error) {
w.listener, err = net.Listen("tcp", w.addr)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("net listen error:", err)
return
}
err = http.Serve(w.listener, w)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("http serve error:", err)
return
}
return nil
}
func main() {
ws := NewWsServer()
ws.Start()
}
这是WebSocket服务器的代码。它创建一个WsServer
结构体,用于处理WebSocket连接。服务器会不断接收来自客户端的消息,并发送一些测试消息。你可以根据需要进行修改和扩展。
WebSocket 客户端
接下来,我们将创建一个WebSocket客户端,用于与服务器进行通信。我们将使用自定义的WebSocket客户端实现。
WsClient.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)
// 创建自定义WebSocket客户端
type VIL struct{}
type DefaultWebSocket struct {
_host string
_isOpen bool
_bufQueue []interface{}
_bufCap int
_call interface{}
_socket *websocket.Conn
}
// 初始化自定义WebSocket客户端
func (self *VIL) DefaultWebSocket(host, call) {
_host = host
_isOpen = false
_bufQueue = []interface{}
_bufCap = 100
if call != nil {
_call = call
} else {
_call = {
onConnect: func(e) {
fmt.Println("connect success ", e)
},
onDisconnect: func(e) {
fmt.Println("disconnect ", e)
},
onMsg: func(data) {
// fmt.Println("receive message ", data)
},
}
}
_socket = new(websocket.Conn)
_socket = websocket.DefaultDialer.Dial(_host, nil)
_socket.binaryType = "arraybuffer"
}
// 设置发送消息缓存队列的容量
func (self *DefaultWebSocket) setBufferCap(cap) {
if cap < 0 {
fmt.Println("parameter value can not be less than 0")
return
}
_bufCap = cap
}
// 发送消息
func (self *DefaultWebSocket) send(data) {
if _isOpen && _socket != nil {
_socket.send("")
} else {
if len(_bufQueue) < _bufCap {
_bufQueue = append(_bufQueue, data)
}
}
}
// 关闭WebSocket连接
func (self *DefaultWebSocket) close() {
_socket.Close(1000, "normal")
_isOpen = false
}
// 处理WebSocket连接中的消息
func (self *DefaultWebSocket) handle() {
go func() {
for {
_socket.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(5000)))
_, message, err := _socket.ReadMessage()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Error while reading message:", err)
return
}
_call.onMsg(message)
}
}()
}
// 向客户端发送消息
func (self *DefaultWebSocket) sendToServer() {
go func() {
for {
select {
case <-stopCh:
fmt.Println("Interrupted, closing connection...")
err := _socket.WriteMessage(websocket.CloseMessage, websocket.FormatCloseMessage(websocket.CloseNormalClosure, ""))
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Error while sending close message:", err)
return
}
select {
case <-done:
case <-time.After(time.Second):
}
return
case <-time.After(time.Second * 1):
data := fmt.Sprintf("Hello WebSocket test from client %v", time.Now().UnixNano())
err := _socket.WriteMessage(1, []byte(data))
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Error while sending message:", err)
return
}
}
}
}()
}
这是WebSocket客户端的代码。它创建了一个DefaultWebSocket
结构体,用于处理WebSocket连接。客户端会不断发送消息给服务器,并处理来自服务器的消息。你可以根据需要进行修改和扩展。
HTML 页面
最后,我们创建一个简单的HTML页面,用于在浏览器中使用WebSocket客户端与服务器进行通信。以下是HTML代码:
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>WebSocket Example</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./index.js"></script>
<script>
let counter = 0;
let isConnect = false;
let handler = {
onConnect: function (e) {
isConnect = true;
console.log("handler connect success ", e);
var se = setInterval(function () {
if (isConnect === false) {
clearInterval(se);
}
console.log("setInterval", Date.now());
socket.send("Web browser setInterval");
}, 3000);
},
onDisconnect: function (e) {
isConnect = false;
console.log("handler disconnect ", e);
},
onMsg: function (data) {
counter++;
if (counter >= 2000) {
counter = 0;
console.log("handler receive message ", data);
}
}
};
let socket = new VIL.DefaultWebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:10215/ws", handler);
</script>
</html>
index.js
let VIL = (function () {
let VIL = {
};
function DefaultWebSocket(host, call) {
let _host = host;
let _isOpen = false;
let _bufQueue = [];
let _bufCap = 100;
let _call = null;
if("undefined" !== typeof call && call !== null){
_call = call
}else{
_call = {
onConnect:function (e) {
console.log("connect success ", e);
},
onDisconnect:function (e) {
console.log("disconnect ", e);
},
onMsg:function (data) {
//console.log("receive message ", data)
}
}
}
let _socket = new WebSocket(_host);
_socket.binaryType = "arraybuffer";
/**
* 设置发送消息缓存队列的容量
* @param {number} cap
* @constructor
*/
this.setBufferCap = function(cap){
if("number" !== typeof cap ){
console.error("parameter type is not number ");
return ;
}
if(cap < 0){
console.error("parameter value can not less then 0");
return ;
}
_bufCap = cap;
};
/**
* 发送消息
* @param {string | ArrayBuffer } data
* @constructor
*/
this.send = function(data){
if(_isOpen && _socket){
_socket.send("");
}else{
if (_bufQueue < _bufCap){
_bufQueue.push(data);
}
}
};
this.close = function(){
_socket.close(1000, "normal");
};
_socket.onopen = function(even){
_isOpen = true;
_call.onConnect(even);
while (_bufQueue > 0){
_socket.send(_bufQueue.shift());
}
};
_socket.onmessage = function(e){
let data = e.data;
_call.onMsg(data);
};
/**
* 收到关闭连接
* @param even
*/
_socket.onclose = function(even){
_isOpen = false;
_call.onDisconnect({host:_host, event:even});
};
/**
* 收到错误
* @param err
*/
_socket.onerror = function(err){
_isOpen = false;
_call.onDisconnect({host:_host, event:err});
};
}
try{
VIL.EngineSocket = DefaultWebSocket ;
}catch (e) {
console.error("VILEngine error ", e);
}
return VIL;
})();
这个HTML页面包括一个WebSocket客户端的JavaScript代码,它会连接到我们的服务器,并处理连接、断开连接和消息。在浏览器中打开这个页面后,你将能够与服务器进行WebSocket通信。
总结
在本教程中,我们创建了一个WebSocket服务器和客户端,并演示了如何在浏览器中使用WebSocket客户端与服务器进行通信。WebSocket提供了一种强大的方式来实现实时双向通信,适用于各种应用程序,如在线聊天、实时数据更新等。你可以根据需要进一步扩展这些示例,以构建更复杂的WebSocket应用程序。希望这个教程对你有所帮助!
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