CATTI 2级-18英译汉语序

CATTI 2级-18英译汉语序

英译汉语序的调整

一、定语的语序调整

二、状语的语序调整

三、逻辑语序调整

四、事实与评论顺序调整

翻译语句均取自《老人与海》

一、定语的语序调整

1.Then he cut the other line closet to him and in the dark made the loose ends of the reserve coils fast.

The other line另一根钓线（中心名词）

closet to him为定语coil /kɔɪl/线圈

英语定语：形容词、介词短语，ing分词，定语从句。较长的话出现在中心名词后面，翻译时要调换语序。

随后，他又隔断了最靠近他的另一根钓线，摸黑把两根备用钓线的断头接好。

2.Under th stars and with the night colder all the time he ate half of one of the dolphin fillets and one of the flying fish, gutted and with its head cut off.

定语

中心词the flying fish

星空下，夜越来越冷。他吃掉了半片鲯qí鳅肉和一条去头去肠的飞鱼。

3.Now is no time to think of baseball, he thought.

中心名词 定语

现在不是想棒球球赛的时候

4.Then he began to pity the great fish that he had hooked.

中心词 定语从句

限制性定语从句一般翻译到所修饰的名词之前。

随后，他开始怜悯起上钩的大鱼来。 Hook /hʊk/钩住

5.But the old man always thought of her as feminine and as something that gave or withheld great favors, and if she did wild or wicked things it was because she could not help them.

Feminine /ˈfemənɪn/女人（的）

She, her 都是拟人的用法 withhold保留，隐瞒wicked /ˈwɪkɪd/邪恶的

中心词：something 定语：that gave or withheld great favors,

不过老人总是版大海想象成女人，某种施予恩惠，或者不给恩惠的事物。

大海要是做出什么狂暴或者可恶的事情，那也是出于无奈的。

6.The male fish always let the female fish feed first and the hooked fish, the female, made a wild, panic-stricken, despairing fight that soon exhausted her, and all the time the male had stayed with her, crossing the line and circling with her on the surface.

中心词：male and female fish

定语wild, panic-stricken, despairing /ˈpænɪk strɪkən/

中文一般不在名词前加过多的修饰语，应转换语序将形容词放在名词之后。

雄鱼总是让雌鱼先吃饵，上钩的那条雌鱼拼命挣扎，既惊慌又绝望，很快便筋疲力尽了。而雄鱼一直都陪伴着它，越过钓线，和它一起在水面打转。

二、状语的语序调整

1.It must be very strange in an airplane, he thought.

地点状语

地点状语-中文中放在句首。

在飞机上他一定会觉得很新奇，他想。

2.He was rowing （1）steadily and it was no effort for him since he kept well within his speed and the surface of the ocean was flat(2) except for the occasional swirls of the current.

（1）汉语中修饰动词的状语往往放在动词之前

swirl /swɜːl/ v.（使）打旋/n.

(2)较长的状语放在主句之前翻译

他从容地划着，并不觉得费力，因为很好地控制在他正常的速度之内。

除了偶尔几处水流的旋涡，海面一平如镜。

3. He could ruin me by jumping or by a wild rush.

By doing sth,

Through sth.

--表示方式，途径，中文放在主句之前，

要是跳起来或者疯狂逃窜，那我可能就毁了。

4.The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes.

with 结构做状语，修饰look at him—翻译时放在动词之前

老人用他那双被阳光灼烧过的自信而慈爱的眼睛打量着他。

5.“It’s too steady. You shouldn’t be that tired after a windless night. What are birds coming to ?”

windless /ˈwɪndləs/ adj.无风的；平稳的

after引导时间状语，翻译时调整到tired 前。

短语和句子之间的转换

windless night=night is windless

“钓线很牢靠，”老人告诉它，“太牢靠了。一夜都没有风，你不该那么累。鸟儿们都怎么啦？”

6.“Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current,” he said.

With 表示结构伴随，轻微的因果关系。“看那水流，明天会是个好天。”他说。

7.He woke with the jerk of his right fist coming up against his face and the line burning out through his right hand.

该句with结构较复杂

with sth .(宾语)+补语结构（介词短语，ing分词，ed分词）

结构较为复杂时处理成句子，从属状语。

翻译时放在主句he woke 之前

jerk dʒɜːk/n./v.猛击

他的右拳猛地砸在脸上，把他弄醒了，钓线从右手滑出去。

8.How did I let he fish cut me with that one quick pull he made?

with sth.+定语从句

翻译时放在主句之前，表条件、原因

只猛拉了一下，我怎么就让鱼割伤了呢？

9.No one should be alone in their old age, he thought .

时间状语

语序变换，放在主句前面。

一旦上了年纪，谁都不该单枪匹马，他想。

10.The fish moved steadily and they travelled slowly on the calm water.

方式状语和地点状语都放在travel前面翻译

这条鱼不停地游着，鱼和船在平静的水面上慢慢前行。

三、逻辑语序调整

（一）时间顺序调整

时间、地点、条件、让步从句尽量都翻译到主句之前。

1.Then too, remember he hasn’t eaten since he took the bait and he is huge and needs much food.

he是拟人，指搏斗的鱼

另外，他又想起来了，这条鱼从上钩以后还没有吃过东西，而它个儿又那么大，吃得也那么多。

2.It was dark now as it becomes dark quickly after the sun sets in September.

after, before,when,while 连接时间状语从句，表示某个时间背景之下，翻译时放在主句之前。

这时天黑了。九月里，太阳一下沉，天很快就黑了。

（二）因果顺序调整

1.When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbor from the shark factory; but today there was only the faint edge of the odor because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off.

faint /feɪnt/ adj.模糊的odor/ˈəʊdə(r)/n.气味

原因放在最前面

一刮东风，一股鱼腥味就会从鲨鱼加工厂里飘出来，飘过海港吹到这里。但今天风转为往北吹，后来风又渐渐地停了，所以只有一丝丝淡淡的腥味。

2.It encouraged him to talk because his back had stiffened in the night and it hurt truly now.

/ˈstɪfənd/ adj.加强的v.使硬化；使僵直；使猛烈（stiffen 的过去分词）

他的脊背僵硬了一夜，现在痛得很，说话使他振奋起来。

（二）条件结果顺序调整

1.If there is a hurricane you always see the signs of it in the sky for days ahead if you are at sea.

If 引导的两个条件状语从句，一前一后达到平衡的效果

翻译时将两个条件都放在主句之前

飓风来临的前几天，要是你在海上，就可以在天空中看到征兆。

2.The fish never changed his course nor his direction all that night as far as the man could tell from watching the stars.

as far as:只要，相当于条件，引导从句翻译时放在主句之前。

老人凭观察星星判断，整个晚上那条鱼既没有改变路线，也没有改变方向。

（二）让步顺序调整

They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward.

Although 是从句放在still ,powerful前

When是时间状语从句，放在主句之前

crease /kriːs/ n.折痕；折缝vi.起皱vt.弄皱；使起折痕

这肩膀不同寻常，虽然很老，但依然有力。那脖子也仍然很壮实。老人睡着时脑袋往前耷拉着，皱纹并不明显。

四、事实与评论顺序调整

--中文先讲事实，后评论。后重型。

-英文反之。

1.It would not be bad to eat with a little lime or with lemon or with salt.

to do 表示事实放在not be bad 之前

要是能加点酸橙，或是柠檬，或是盐倒是不坏。lime/laɪm/酸橙

2.It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and …

看着老人天天空舟而归，孩子心里很难受。

skiff /skɪf/ n.小艇；小型帆船；轻舟

总结：

英译汉语序的调整:

一、定语的语序调整

二、状语的语序调整

三、逻辑语序调整

四、事实与评论顺序调整

翻译时只有恰当根据语言习惯进行调整，才能使译文通顺、自然、符合该种语言习惯。