- Who did the United States fight in World War II?
Answer:
Japan, Germany, and Italy
Explanation:
World War II, or the Second World War, was truly a global war, or a war that affected the whole world. Most of the powerful countries in the world were involved in the war in one of two alliances (or groups of countries that work together during a war): the Allies and the Axis. The Allies included the United States, the United Kingdom, the USSR (which would later become Russia and other countries), France, and Poland. The Axis included Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Membership or participation in each of the alliances was fluid, meaning that it changed over time as some countries became part of the Allies and the Axis and other countries left them. The United States was a late entrant to the war, meaning that the U.S. was not one of the first countries in World War II, but began fighting later. Most of the people in the United States wanted the country to follow isolationism, or a type of government that does not get involved in foreign affairs, or things that are happening in other countries. However, on December 7, 1941, Americans changed their mind, or changed what they thought about isolationism.
The United States had a naval base, or a place where the country’s military ships are kept, in a place called Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked (or fought against) Pearl Harbor. The Japanese bombed (or dropped weapons that explode) on Pearl Harbor, destroying many U.S. ships and planes and killing almost 2,400 Americans.
The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor as a preventative measure, or something that might keep something else from happening. Although the United States wasn’t fighting in the war yet, the Japanese knew that the United States might become involved. The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor to try to make it impossible for the United States to enter the war. In fact, however, when they bombed Pearl Harbor, it was the final push, or the last thing that needed to happen, for the United States to decide to enter the war.
- 美国在第二次世界大战中与谁作战?
回答：日本，德国和意大利
解释:
第二次世界大战实际上是一场全球性的战争，或者说一场影响全世界的战争。世界上大多数强国都是通过两个联盟(或在战争中一起工作的国家集团)中的一个卷入战争的:同盟国和轴心国。盟国包括美国、英国、苏联(后来成为俄罗斯和其他国家)、法国和波兰。轴心国包括德国、意大利和日本。
每个联盟的成员或参与都是流动的，这意味着随着时间的推移，一些国家成为了联盟的一部分，轴心国和其他国家离开了他们。美国是这场战争的后来者，这意味着美国不是第一批参加第二次世界大战的国家之一，而是较晚才开始战斗。大多数美国人希望这个国家奉行孤立主义，或者建立一个不干涉外交事务的政府，或者不干涉其他国家正在发生的事情。然而，1941年12月7日，美国人改变了他们的想法，或者说改变了他们对孤立主义的看法。
美国在夏威夷一个叫做珍珠港的地方有一个海军基地，或者说是一个存放美国军舰的地方。1941年12月7日，日本飞机袭击了珍珠港。日本人轰炸珍珠港，摧毁了许多美国船只和飞机，杀死了近2400名美国人。
日本轰炸珍珠港是作为一种预防措施，或者是为了防止其他事情的发生。虽然美国还没有参战，但日本人知道美国可能会卷入其中。日本轰炸珍珠港，试图使美国无法参战。然而，事实是，当他们轰炸珍珠港时，这是美国决定参战的最后一击，或者说最后一件需要发生的事情。
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- Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in?
Answer: World War II
Explanation:
In 1952, a man became the president of the United States with a simple slogan (or phrase used in an election): “I like Ike.” Ike was a nickname (or a name that he liked to use), but his real name was Dwight David Eisenhower. He was one of the few generals (or military leaders) to become a U.S. president.
Eisenhower studied at West Point, which is a famous U.S. military academy (or school). He served (or worked in the military) in the United States and the Philippines. But his real military career (or job) began with World War II. After the Japanese attacked (or fought against) Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, Eisenhower went to Washington, DC where he helped to make important war plans against Japan and Germany. He then had more and more important roles (or jobs and responsibilities) in the U.S. army. In 1944 and 1945, General Eisenhower had command (or control) of all the Allied forces, which included all the soldiers from all the countries who were fighting against Japan, Germany, and Italy.
During the war, Eisenhower demonstrated (or showed) great leadership, which is the ability to make other people believe in him and follow him. When the war ended, Eisenhower was recognized (or seen) as a war hero, or someone who fought very well and very bravely in a war. Many Americans admired him because they thought he had done many good things for his country and the world, helping to end a horrible war. Because so many Americans admired him, he was elected (or chosen as) president in 1952. He served as president from 1953 to 1961.
As the 34th president of the United States, Eisenhower did many important things. He helped to build many interstate highways, which are long roads where cars can drive very quickly from one state to another. He also supported the integration of America’s schools, making sure that African American (or black) and white children could study at the same schools, even though the idea was very unpopular at the time. Alaska and Hawaii became states while he was serving (or working) as president.
- 艾森豪威尔在当总统之前是个将军。他参加了什么战争?
答案:第二次世界大战
解释:
1952年，一名男子以一句简单的口号(或竞选用语)成为美国公民:“我喜欢艾森豪威尔。”艾森豪威尔是一个昵称(或他喜欢用的名字)，但他的真名是德怀特·戴维·艾森豪威尔。他是少数几个成为美国总统的将军(或军事领导人)之一。
艾森豪威尔曾就读于西点军校，这是一所著名的美国军事院校。他曾在美国和菲律宾服役。但他真正的军事生涯(或工作)始于第二次世界大战。日本袭击夏威夷珍珠港后，艾森豪威尔前往华盛顿特区，在那里他帮助制定了重要的反日和反德战争计划。后来他在美国陆军中担任越来越重要的角色(或工作和职责)。1944年和1945年，艾森豪威尔将军指挥(或控制)了所有的盟军，其中包括所有与日本、德国和意大利作战的国家的士兵。
在战争期间，艾森豪威尔表现出了伟大的领导才能，即使别人相信他并追随他的能力。战争结束时，艾森豪威尔被公认为(或被视为)战争英雄，或在战争中表现出色、英勇的人。许多美国人钦佩他，因为他们认为他为国家和世界做了许多好事，帮助结束了一场可怕的战争。由于许多美国人钦佩他，他在1952年被选为总统。他从1953年到1961年担任总统。
作为美国第34任总统，艾森豪威尔做了许多重要的事情。他帮助修建了许多州际公路，这些公路很长，汽车可以很快地从一个州开到另一个州。他还支持美国学校的一体化，确保非裔美国人(或黑人)和白人儿童可以在同一所学校学习，尽管这个想法在当时非常不受欢迎。在他担任总统期间，阿拉斯加和夏威夷成为了美国的州。
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- During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United States?
Answer: Communism
Explanation:
A war usually involves a lot of fighting and death. The Cold War, however, was different. The Cold War wasn’t actually a war, but instead it was a very long period of hostility (or dislike) between the United States and the Soviet Union (or the part of the world that would later become Russia and other countries). The two countries disagreed on ideology (or ideas about how governments should work). The United States believed that democracies were the best governments. The Soviet Union believed that communism was best.
The Cold War began in the mid-1940s and didn’t end until the early 1990s. During that time, the United States and the Soviet Union were the world’s superpowers (or most powerful and richest countries). Many people were scared that the two superpowers would begin to actually fight each other, causing many deaths, but that never happened.
But there were many dangerous threats (or bad things that could have happened) during that time. The two superpowers engaged (or became involved) in a nuclear arms race. This was a period of time when both superpowers made a lot of nuclear arms (or weapons) like bombs. Each country wanted to have more nuclear weapons than the other country did. The superpowers spent a lot of money making these weapons and building defense to protect themselves from each other.
The United States was worried about the spread (or growth) of communism. The Soviet Union was helping other countries adopt (or begin to follow) communism. All those countries were said to be behind the Iron Curtain. When the Soviet Union began to be powerful in another country, the United States tried to stop the spread of communism there. At the same time, the Soviet Union sent its support to countries where there was a communist movement (or interest in becoming communist).
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev, the head (or leader) of the Soviet Union, began to have diplomatic discussions, or conversations between political leaders. These discussions eventually (or after a long period of time) led to the end of the Cold War.
- 在冷战期间，美国最关心的是什么?
答:共产主义
解释:
战争通常包括许多战斗和死亡。然而，冷战则不同。冷战实际上并不是一场战争，而是美国和苏联(或后来成为俄罗斯和其他国家的世界部分)之间很长一段时间的敌意(或厌恶)。两国在意识形态(或政府应该如何工作的想法)上存在分歧。美国认为民主是最好的政府。苏联认为共产主义是最好的。
冷战始于20世纪40年代中期，直到90年代初才结束。在此期间，美国和苏联是世界上的超级大国(或最强大和最富有的国家)。许多人害怕这两个超级大国会真的开始互相攻击，造成许多人死亡，但这从未发生过。
但是在那段时间里有很多危险的威胁(或者可能发生的坏事)。这两个超级大国卷入了核军备竞赛。这是两个超级大国制造大量核武器(或类似炸弹的武器)的时期。每个国家都想比另一个国家拥有更多的核武器。超级大国花了很多钱来制造这些武器，并建立防御来保护自己免受对方的伤害。
美国担心共产主义的蔓延。苏联正在帮助其他国家采用(或开始追随)共产主义。据说所有这些国家都在铁幕后面。当苏联在另一个国家开始强大时，美国试图阻止共产主义在那里的蔓延。与此同时，苏联向有共产主义运动(或有兴趣成为共产主义)的国家提供支持。
上世纪80年代末90年代初，美国总统罗纳德·里根和苏联领导人米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫开始进行外交讨论，即政治领导人之间的对话。这些讨论最终(或在很长一段时间之后)导致了冷战的结束。
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- What movement tried to end racial discrimination?
Answer:
The civil rights (movement)
Explanation:
The U.S. Declaration of Independence says that “all men are created equal” (or the same), but in reality (or in real life), this isn’t really true. The United States has always struggled (or had problems) with racial discrimination, which means treating people differently and unfairly because of the color of their skin.
Racial discrimination is still a problem today, but it is less of a problem now than it used to be. In the early 1900s, blacks and other people who were not white couldn’t do many of the things that white people could do. For example, they were not allowed to drink out of the same drinking fountains (or places where people can drink water on the street) or use the same bathrooms as white people could. They also had to go to different schools and shop in different stores. They even had to ride in the back of busses, because only white people could sit in the front.
In 1955, a black woman named Rosa Parks was very tired of all these rules and she decided to sit in the front of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, a city in the southern part of the United States. The driver ordered (or told) her to sit in the back, but she wouldn’t do it. This was an act of civil disobedience, because she was breaking the rules as a way to try to change those rules. She was arrested (or forced to go to jail) because of it.
The black community in Montgomery wanted to support (or help) Rosa Parks and fight for their rights. So they began to boycott the busses in Montgomery. This means that they refused to ride in busses because they were tired of having to sit in the back. Their boycott lasted for more than one year until the laws were changed. The bus companies lost a lot of money during the boycott. Many of the busses stopped running (or going on the streets).
Rosa Parks’ refusal or saying ‘no’ to sitting in the back of the bus became a famous story in the national news and began the civil rights movement, or the period of time when many people were working to have equal rights for whites and non- whites. Rosa Parks is sometimes called the “Mother of the Civil Rights Movement.”
- 什么运动试图结束种族歧视?
回答：民权运动
解释:
美国《独立宣言》中说“人人生而平等”(或“人人平等”)，但在现实生活中却并非如此。美国一直与种族歧视作斗争(或存在问题)，种族歧视指的是由于肤色不同而对人采取不同的、不公平的待遇。
种族歧视在今天仍然是个问题，但现在已不像过去那么严重了。在20世纪初，黑人和其他非白人不能做许多白人能做的事情。例如，他们不被允许使用与白人相同的饮水机(或人们可以在街上喝水的地方)或使用与白人相同的浴室。他们还得去不同的学校，在不同的商店购物。他们甚至不得不坐在公共汽车的后面，因为只有白人才能坐在前面。
1955年，一位名叫罗莎·帕克斯的黑人妇女厌倦了所有这些规定，她决定坐在美国南部阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利市一辆公共汽车的前排。司机命令(或告诉)她坐在后面，但她不听。这是一种公民不服从的行为，因为她试图通过打破规则来改变这些规则。她因此被捕(或被迫入狱)。
蒙哥马利的黑人社区想要支持(或帮助)罗莎·帕克斯，为他们的权利而战。所以他们开始抵制蒙哥马利的巴士。这意味着他们拒绝乘坐公共汽车，因为他们厌倦了坐在后面。他们的抵制持续了一年多，直到法律被修改。公共汽车公司在抵制期间损失了很多钱。许多公共汽车停了下来(或停在街上)。
罗莎·帕克斯拒绝或拒绝坐在公共汽车的后排座位上成为了全国新闻中一个著名的故事，并开始了民权运动，也就是许多人努力为白人和非白人争取平等权利的时期。罗莎·帕克斯有时被称为“民权运动之母”。
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- What did Martin Luther King, Jr. do?
Answer:
• Fought for civil rights
• Worked for equality for all Americans
Explanation:
One of the most famous speeches (or a presentation spoken to many people) in American History is “I have a dream” by Martin Luther King, Jr. He made the speech as part of the civil rights movement, or the period of time when many people were working to have equal rights for whites and non-whites. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a black leader of the civil rights movement, fighting for equality (or the same treatment) for all Americans whether they were black, white, or any other color.
On August 28, 1963, about 250,000 people participated in the “March on Washington for Freedom and Jobs,” walking around Washington, DC to show how important freedom and jobs were to them. About 80% of the people were black. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his speech called “I have a dream” (or something that he wanted to see happen). Let’s hear some of the most famous parts of the speech.
Martin Luther King, Jr. said:
“I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged (or evaluated) by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character (or their personality, or what they are like inside).”
In his speech, he also said:
"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former (or previous) slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood."
“Let freedom ring (or be heard everywhere). And when this happens, and when we allow freedom to ring—when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet (or town), from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children.... will be able to join hands (or hold each other’s hands) and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual (or song): "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
These are some of the important words that Martin Luther King, Jr. said that day. And these are still words that remind us (or help us remember) that there are a lot of things that must still change for the United States to have equality for all.
- 马丁·路德·金做了什么?
答:
•争取民权
•为所有美国人的平等而努力
解释:
美国历史上最著名的演讲之一(或向许多人演讲)是小马丁·路德·金的“我有一个梦想”。他的演讲是民权运动的一部分，也就是在许多人为争取白人和非白人平等权利而努力的时期。马丁·路德·金是民权运动的黑人领袖，为所有美国人争取平等(或同等待遇)，无论他们是黑人、白人或任何其他肤色。
1963年8月28日，大约25万人参加了“华盛顿自由和就业大游行”，在华盛顿特区游行，以显示自由和就业对他们有多么重要。大约80%的人是黑人。马丁·路德·金发表了题为“我有一个梦想”的演讲。让我们来听一下演讲中最著名的部分。
马丁·路德·金说过:
“我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将生活在一个不是以他们的肤色，而是以他们的品格(或人格，或内在样貌)来评价他们的国家里。”
在他的演讲中，他还说:
我梦想有一天，在佐治亚州的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，亲如手足。
让自由之声响彻各处。当这一切发生的时候，当我们让自由之声响起的时候——当我们让自由之声从每一个村庄、每一个小镇、每一个州、每一个城市响起的时候，我们就能够加速这一天的到来，当上帝的所有孩子……将能够携手(或手拉手)，高唱那首古老的黑人灵歌:“终于自由了!”终于自由了!感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了!”
这些是马丁·路德·金那天说过的一些重要的话。这些话仍然提醒我们(或帮助我们记住)，美国要实现人人平等，还有许多事情需要改变。
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