Day1-2
When nudge comes to shove
1.nudge v [Tn] touch or push (sb) with one's elbow to draw his attention to sth以肘碰或推（某人）
2.shove v push (sb/sth) roughly乱推,挤,撞（某人[某物]）
3.sage /seɪdʒ; sedʒ/n very wise man圣人;贤哲;智者
4.intake quantity, number, etc of people entering or taken in (during a particular period)（一定时期内）进入或纳入的人数
5.roll out v.铺开,低沉地讲出,离开,动身,大量生产,滚出
6.spin out of:从……中拆分出
7.heavy-handed If you say that someone's behaviour is heavy-handed, you mean that they are too forceful or too rough.
8.Qatar 卡塔尔
9.stray move away from one's group, proper place, etc with no fixed destination or purpose; wander离群,走离（无固定去向或目的）;走失;迷失;闲逛
10.perilously adv.in a dangerous manner
11.allay /əˈleɪ; əˋle/v[Tn] make (sth) less; relieve减轻;缓和
12.iterative adj.1.repeating; making repetition;repetitious.2.Gram.frequentative.
13.genesis/ˈdʒenəsɪs; ˋdʒɛnəsɪs/n (pl geneses/ˈdʒenəsiːz; ˋdʒɛnəsiz/)
(fml文) beginning; starting-point; origin起源;开端;创始:the genesis of civilization文明的起源.
Genesis (Bible圣经) the first book of the OldTestament, describing the creation of the world《创世记》（《旧约》首卷）.
14.Eve /iːv; iv/ n (in the Bible story of the Creation) the first woman on earth,created by God夏娃（《圣经》故事《创世纪》中上帝造的第一个女人）:Adam and Eve亚当和夏娃
15.shortcut 捷径
16.predate to exist or happen earlier than someone or something else:
It's a tradition that predates the 20th century.
17. White House’s Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs: 白宫信息与监管事务办公室
18.tweak If you tweak something such asa system or a design, you improve it by making a slight change. (INFORMAL)
He expects the system to get even better as the engineers tweak itsperformance.
19. emphatic An emphatic response or statement is one made in a forceful way, because the
speaker feels very strongly about what they are saying.
20.frame express (sth) in words; compose or formulate（用文字）表达（某事）;创作;拟定;制定:frame a question, argument, response, etc拟定问题﹑论点﹑回应等
21.take-up Take-up is the rate at which people apply for or buy something which is offered, for example financial help from the government or shares in a company.
22.Ramadan赖买丹月（伊斯兰教历的第九月）;斋月.
23.tinker v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (at/with sth)work in a casual or inexpert way, trying to repair or improve sth 随便地或以外行方式做（尤指试着修理或改进某物）
24.Turnout : The turnout in an election is the number of people who vote in it, as a proportion of the number of people who have the right to vote in it.
25.deride~ sb/sth (as sth) treat sb/sth as funny and not worthy of serious attention; mock sb/sth嘲笑;嘲弄
26.Orwellian relating to a political systemin which the government controls every aspect of people's lives
27.overtone[ˈəʊvətəʊn]言外之意
28.imperceptible adjective unable to be noticed or felt because of being very slight:
29.proponent[prəˈpəʊnənt]n.支持者；拥护者
30.Hitler：希特勒
31.nefarious /nɪˈfeərɪəs; nɪˋfɛrɪəs/adj(fml文) wicked; unlawful邪恶的;不法的:
32.precinct/ˈpriːsɪŋkt; ˋprisɪŋkt/ n boundaries; limits界限;范围
33.strike down If a judge or court strikes down a law or regulation, they say that it is illegaland end it.
34.nanny state:（过度保护其公民，并使他们过于依赖政府的）保姆国家，保姆政府
35.paternalism /pəˈtɜːnəlɪzəm/ n [U] policy (of governments or employers) of controlling people in a paternal way by providing them with what they need but giving them no responsibility or freedom of choice家长式的统治﹑管理或作风;家长主义.
36. mnemonic n[C]word, verse, etc designed to help the memory帮助记忆的词﹑诗句等.
背景补充：所谓A/B测试，简单来说，就是为同一个目标制定两个方案（比如两个页面），让一部分用户使用A方案，另一部分用户使用B方案，记录下用户的使用情况，看哪个方案更符合设计目标。当然，在实际操作过程之中还有许多需要注意的细节。
Day3-4
导图：
神句
1.And the approach was less heavy-handed than imposing quotas for poorer pupils, an option previous governments had considered.
前任政府考虑为贫困学生实行配额，这一方法更为强硬。
示例：政府之前考虑过要为贫困学生强制留出名额，相比之下，这一方式则缓和的多。
2.If BIT did not save the government at least ten times its running cost, it was to be shut down after two years.
如果BIT没有节省政府运营开支至少十倍，那么它将在两年年后停用。
示例：如果BIT不能为政府至少省下其运营成本10倍的话，就将在两年后关闭。
3.Many worried about the idea of bureaucrats being given free rein to shape behavior by imperceptibly tweaking government communications and environmental cues.
许多人担心这一构想会使官员通过不知不觉改变政府交流和环境不受限制的行动。
示例：许多人担心：通过不易察觉的方式调整政府传播的信息和环境提示等于让官僚们拥有了操纵行为的完全自由。
Free rein:行者无疆
4.As long as that choice is made in a transparent manner, and is subject to democratically elected politicians, nudging offers policymakers an alternative to both the nanny state and the unintelligent one; a middle way that he describes as “libertarian paternalism”.
只要做出选择的方式透明，并且是由民主选举产生的政客做出，助推为保姆国家及愚钝的国家提供一种选择，即被称为自由家长制的中间形式。
示例：只要以透明的方式做选择，且由民主选举的政治家负责，那么“助推”就能避免保姆式或无知式国家的极端；这种中间道路也被称作“自由主义家长制”。
神词组
1.Financial aid 财务援助/ 经济支持
2.Roll out the scheme 大面积推广/ 推出该机制
3.Spin out of 脱离
Spin-off company 衍生企业，指一个大公司把某一个部分剥离出去，使之成为一个独立的公司。
4.Pioneer the use of psychology 率先使用心理学
5.The very idea provoked objections这一想法激发了反对/ 正是这一想法激起了抗议
6.Mass manipulation群体操纵/ 操纵大众，此处的mass指的是群众
7.Gain ground有进展
8.Shape brand perception形成品牌认知
9.Mark the start of a global trend标志着全球化的开始/ 标志着全球潮流的开端
10.Centrally directed policy initiatives中央指导政策的行动/ 集中下令的政策
11.Set the desired outcome as the default 将目标设为默认值
12.Opt out 选择退出
13.Tackle corruption应对腐败
补充阅读：Free exchange——A political economy
www.jianshu.com/p/8c270c376fed
Day5
感想
Behavior science is playing a greater role in politics. BIT, an organization put behavior science into practice and supported by British government, is rolling out nudge in many countries and international organizations including UN and the World Bank. Its purpose is EAST in short, which is easy, attractive, social and timely. Achieving this goal is contributed to many methods. One is making the desired outcome as a default. The other is putting it on people’s eye level to make it obvious. Evidence has proved that shove is more effective in achieving desired outcome by tweaking government connections and environmental cues imperceptibly.
However, there are also concerns about the role of nudge. Critics are worried that nudge is utilized by bureaucrats to manipulate the general public. In that case, nudge becomes shove. The consequences are unknown. Anyway, it is the politicians that matters because they need to choose the most useful method among all the alternatives.
Day6
复盘
网友评论