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iOS系统访问权限(通讯录、相机、相册、麦克风、定位)

iOS系统访问权限(通讯录、相机、相册、麦克风、定位)

作者: 摸着石头过河_崖边树 | 来源:发表于2017-05-04 21:44 被阅读858次

    前言####

    大家都知道苹果他老人家很注重用户的隐私保护,所以我们一般在访问用户的隐私(比如相册、相机)的时候都需要用户授权,那么您真的了解用户授权吗?今天小编就细细道来。

    自问自答####

    关于授权的几个问题
    1、系统访问授权是必须要设置的吗?怎么设置?
    答:是的,如果没有,iOS10.0之后会崩溃的,崩溃信息如下

    This app has crashed because it attempted to access privacy-sensitive data without a usage description. The app's Info.plist must contain an NSContactsUsageDescription key with a string value explaining to the user how the app uses this data.

    解决办法:
    只要在info.plist里面设置对应信息就可以了


    Snip20170404_9.pngSnip20170404_9.png

    2、系统默认的弹框怎么来的?
    答:只要在info.plist文件中设置了您需要访问的参数(key 和NSString),就会有默认弹框,温馨提示:弹框的文字内容要注意编写,否则会被拒绝哦

    <key>NSMicrophoneUsageDescription</key>
    <string>xxxapp需要访问您的麦克风(弹框文字)</string>

    3、用户第一次授权点击不允许怎么办?
    A方案:我们自定义一个弹框,提示用户要设置授权

    [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相机\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->相机"];  
    
       //弹框提示
    + (void)showWithMessage:(NSString *)tipString
    {
    UIAlertView *alter = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"温馨提示" message:tipString delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:nil];
    [alter show];
    }
    

    B方案:直接跳转到设置页面设置隐私

       //引导到设置页面去设置
    
    + (void)gotoSetting
    {
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString];
    if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication]canOpenURL:url]) {
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication]openURL:url];
    }
    }
     /**
      跳转到设置权限界面
      */
    + (void)gotoSettingPrivacyWithType:(LZBAppSettingType)type
    {
    NSString *jumpString =LZBAppSettingTypeValue[type];
    if(jumpString.length == 0)
    {
        [self gotoSetting];
        return;
    }
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:jumpString];
    if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication]canOpenURL:url]) {
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication]openURL:url];
    }
    

    }

    注意:小编提醒,iOS10.0之前Prefs:root=General&path=CAMERA系列还有用,但是iOS10.0之后没有用了,可以直接使用UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString就可以跳转到对应的设置页面

    相机授权####

    1、导入框架 #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

    2、检测授权,如果是第一次那么状态肯定是AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined,此时我们要点击系统弹框,并且调用+ (void)requestAccessForMediaType:(NSString *)mediaType completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL granted))handler 检测点击授权与否,如果点击不允许,那么我们就可以采用上述的A和B方案

     /**
    
     检测录制视频的相机是否授权
      */
    + (BOOL)checkVideoCameraAuthorization
    {
    __block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
    __weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
    AVAuthorizationStatus status = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
    switch (status) {
        case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: //授权
            isAvalible = YES;
            break;
        case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:   //拒绝,弹框
            {
               [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相机\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->相机"];
                isAvalible = NO;
            }
            break;
        case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:   //没有决定,第一次启动默认弹框
        {
            //点击弹框授权
            [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {
                isAvalible = granted;
                if(!granted)  //如果不允许
                {
                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                        [weakSelf gotoSetting];
                    });
                }
            }];
        }
            break;
        case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:  //受限制,家长控制器
            isAvalible = NO;
            break;
    }
    return isAvalible;
    

    }

    3、注意在info.plist设置第一次弹框的文字内容

    <key>NSCameraUsageDescription</key>
    
    <string>xxxapp需要访问您的照相机</string>
    

    麦克风授权####

    1.导入#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

    2、方法和检测相机差不多,只是把类型换成AVMediaTypeAudio。检测授权,如果是第一次那么状态肯定是AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined,此时我们要点击系统弹框,并且调用+ (void)requestAccessForMediaType:(NSString *)mediaType completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL granted))handler 检测点击授权与否,如果点击不允许,那么我们就可以采用上述的A和B方案

      /**
    
     检测录制视频的麦克风是否授权
     */
    + (BOOL)checkVideoMicrophoneAudioAuthorization
    {
     __block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
     __weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
    AVAuthorizationStatus status = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];
    switch (status) {
        case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: //授权
            isAvalible = YES;
            break;
        case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:   //拒绝,弹框
            {
                [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开麦克风\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->麦克风"];
                isAvalible = NO;
            }
            break;
        case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:   //没有决定,第一次启动
            {
                //点击弹框授权
                [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {
                    isAvalible = granted;
                    if(!granted)  //如果不允许
                    {
                        //回到主线程
                        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                             [weakSelf gotoSetting];
                        });
                    }
                }];
            }
            break;
        case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:  //受限制,家长控制器
           isAvalible = NO;
            break;
    }
    return isAvalible;
    }
    

    3、注意在info.plist设置第一次弹框的文字内容

    <key>NSMicrophoneUsageDescription</key>
    
    <string>xxxapp需要访问您的麦克风</string>
    

    相册授权####

    1、iOS8.0之后,导入#import <Photos/Photos.h>

    2、检测授权,如果是第一次那么状态肯定是PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined,此时我们要点击系统弹框,并且调用+ (void)requestAuthorization:(void(^)(PHAuthorizationStatus status))handler检测点击授权与否,如果点击不允许,那么我们就可以采用上述的A和B方案

      /**
    
       检测相册是否授权
     */
     + (BOOL)checkVideoPhotoAuthorization
    {
    __block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
    __weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
    //iOS8.0之后
    PHAuthorizationStatus photoStatus =  [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
    switch (photoStatus) {
        case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
            isAvalible = YES;
            break;
        case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        {
            [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相册\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->相册"];
    
    
            isAvalible = NO;
        }
            break;
        case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        {
            [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
                if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
                    isAvalible = YES;
                }else{
                    isAvalible = NO;  //回到主线程
                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                        [weakSelf gotoSetting];
                    });
                }
            }];   
        }
            break;
        case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
            isAvalible = NO;
            break;
        default:
            break;
       }
       return isAvalible;
      };
    

    3、注意在info.plist设置第一次弹框的文字内容

     <key>NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription</key>
    
    <string>xxxapp需要访问您的照片管理器</string>
    

    通讯录授权####

    1、导入框架
    iOS9.0之前导入#import <AddressBook/AddressBook.h>
    iOS9.0之后导入#import <Contacts/Contacts.h>

    2、方法还是检测授权状态,如果第一次启动还是未决定,此时弹框系统默认的框,调用方法监听点击结果(允许还是不允许),如果是不允许,还是采用A或B方案

    // 检测通讯录是否授权
    
     + (BOOL)checkContactsAuthorization
    {
    __block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
    __weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
    //iOS9.0之前
    if([[UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion floatValue] <= __IPHONE_9_0)
    {
        ABAuthorizationStatus authorStatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
        switch (authorStatus) {
            case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
                isAvalible = YES;
                break;
            case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied:
            {
                [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相册\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->通讯录"];
                isAvalible = NO;
            }
                break;
            case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
            {
                __block ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
                if (addressBook != NULL)
                {
                    ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
                        isAvalible = granted;
                        if (!granted) {
                            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                                 [weakSelf gotoSetting];
                            });
                        }
                        if (addressBook) {
                            CFRelease(addressBook);
                            addressBook = NULL;
                        }
                    });
                }
            }
                break;
            case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
                isAvalible = NO;
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    else//iOS9.0之后
    {
        CNAuthorizationStatus authStatus = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];
        switch (authStatus) {
            case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
                isAvalible = YES;
                break;
            case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:
            {
                [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相册\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->通讯录"];
                isAvalible = NO;
            }
                break;
            case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
            {
                CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init];
                [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
                    isAvalible = granted;
                    if (!granted) {
                        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                             [weakSelf gotoSetting];
                        });
                    }
                }];
            }
                break;
            case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
                isAvalible = NO;
                break;
        }
    }
      return isAvalible;
     }
    

    3、注意在info.plist设置第一次弹框的文字内容

    <key>NSContactsUsageDescription</key>
    
    <string>xxxapp需要访问您的通讯录</string>
    

    定位授权####

    1、导入#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>,注意不是#import <CoreLocation/CLLocationManager.h>

    2、定位授权不一样,首先是检测当前定位状态,同样第一次都是kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined未决定,但是定位授权是
    requestWhenInUseAuthorization、requestAlwaysAuthorization这两个方法,并且监听方式是采用代理的方式监听

    - (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status
    

    这里只是监听的介绍定位授权,定位具体信息都要结合具体的项目使用

      + (BOOL)checkLocationAuthorization
    
      {
    __block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
      if(![CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled])
       return NO;
      CLAuthorizationStatus locationStatus =  [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
    switch (locationStatus) {
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
            isAvalible = NO;
            break;
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
        {
            isAvalible = NO;
        }
            break;
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
            isAvalible = NO;
            break;
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
        {
            [self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相册\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->位置信息"];
            isAvalible = NO;
        }
            break;
        case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
            isAvalible = YES;
            break;  
        default:
            break;
    }
    return isAvalible;
    

    }

    3、注意在info.plist设置第一次弹框的文字内容

     <key>NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription</key>
    
    <string>xxxapp需要访问获取您的位置信息</string>
    <key>NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription</key>
    <string>xxxapp需要访问一直获取您的位置信息</string>
    

    我已经把检测代码封装LZBAuthorizationManger成工具类可以使用到任意的项目,低耦合

    源码下载地址:自定义视频录制方法之最优方案

    最后赠言###

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      本文标题:iOS系统访问权限(通讯录、相机、相册、麦克风、定位)

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