Android核心知识点笔记github:https://github.com/AndroidCot/Android
一、概述
在项目中需要获取用户所在位置的经纬度和城市上送给风控系统。一般来说,定位有两种方式:
- 用第三方SDK定位,如百度地图、高德地图、谷歌地图;
- 用Android原生SDK中的api定位;
本文讲述定位的第二种方式--用Android原生的SDK中的api定位,如果项目定位要求较高还是建议使用第三方地图库。
二、Android原生SDK中的api定位
Android原生方式获取经纬度两种定位方式:GPS定位和Wifi定位
- GPS定位相比Wifi定位更精准且可在无网络情况下使用,但在室内基本暴毙无法使用。
- WiFi定位没有室内外限制,也不需要开启GPS但需要联网。但测试发现WiFi定位时onLocationChanged函数(用于监听经纬度变化)触发间隔无法小于30s。
示例代码如下:
public class TestLocationActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final int LOCATION_CODE = 301;
private LocationManager locationManager;
private String locationProvider = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
getLocation();
}
private void getLocation(){
//1.获取位置管理器
locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
//2.获取位置提供器,GPS或是NetWork
List<String> providers = locationManager.getProviders(true);
if (providers.contains(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
//如果是GPS
locationProvider = LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER;
Log.v("TAG", "定位方式GPS");
} else if (providers.contains(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {
//如果是Network
locationProvider = LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER;
Log.v("TAG", "定位方式Network");
}else {
Toast.makeText(this, "没有可用的位置提供器", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
//获取权限(如果没有开启权限,会弹出对话框,询问是否开启权限)
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//请求权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, LOCATION_CODE);
} else {
//3.获取上次的位置,一般第一次运行,此值为null
Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider);
if (location!=null){
Toast.makeText(this, location.getLongitude() + " " +
location.getLatitude() + "",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.v("TAG", "获取上次的位置-经纬度:"+location.getLongitude()+" "+location.getLatitude());
getAddress(location);
}else{
//监视地理位置变化,第二个和第三个参数分别为更新的最短时间minTime和最短距离minDistace
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(locationProvider, 3000, 1,locationListener);
}
}
} else {
Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider);
if (location!=null){
Toast.makeText(this, location.getLongitude() + " " +
location.getLatitude() + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.v("TAG", "获取上次的位置-经纬度:"+location.getLongitude()+" "+location.getLatitude());
getAddress(location);
}else{
//监视地理位置变化,第二个和第三个参数分别为更新的最短时间minTime和最短距离minDistace
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(locationProvider, 3000, 1,locationListener);
}
}
}
public LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() {
// Provider的状态在可用、暂时不可用和无服务三个状态直接切换时触发此函数
@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
}
// Provider被enable时触发此函数,比如GPS被打开
@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
}
// Provider被disable时触发此函数,比如GPS被关闭
@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
}
//当坐标改变时触发此函数,如果Provider传进相同的坐标,它就不会被触发
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
if (location != null) {
//如果位置发生变化,重新显示地理位置经纬度
Toast.makeText(TestLocationActivity.this, location.getLongitude() + " " +
location.getLatitude() + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.v("TAG", "监视地理位置变化-经纬度:"+location.getLongitude()+" "+location.getLatitude());
}
}
};
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case LOCATION_CODE:
if(grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == getPackageManager().PERMISSION_GRANTED
&& grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Toast.makeText(this, "申请权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
try {
List<String> providers = locationManager.getProviders(true);
if (providers.contains(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {
//如果是Network
locationProvider = LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER;
}else if (providers.contains(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
//如果是GPS
locationProvider = LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER;
}
Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider);
if (location!=null){
Toast.makeText(this, location.getLongitude() + " " +
location.getLatitude() + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.v("TAG", "获取上次的位置-经纬度:"+location.getLongitude()+" "+location.getLatitude());
}else{
// 监视地理位置变化,第二个和第三个参数分别为更新的最短时间minTime和最短距离minDistace
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(locationProvider, 0, 0,locationListener);
}
}catch (SecurityException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "缺少权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
finish();
}
break;
}
}
//获取地址信息:城市、街道等信息
private List<Address> getAddress(Location location) {
List<Address> result = null;
try {
if (location != null) {
Geocoder gc = new Geocoder(this, Locale.getDefault());
result = gc.getFromLocation(location.getLatitude(),
location.getLongitude(), 1);
Toast.makeText(this, "获取地址信息:"+result.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.v("TAG", "获取地址信息:"+result.toString());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
locationManager.removeUpdates(locationListener);
}
}
在AndroidManifest.xml加权限
<!-- 粗略的位置权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"></uses-permission>
<!-- 精确的位置权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
复制代码
三、总结
首先将手机定位服务设置,调到下图所示:
这可能会获取不到经纬度。为什么在网络和GPS都可用的情况下只执行GPS而不是网络?也许是从精确度考虑的,但是走GPS进入监听的listener后,不会执行onLocationChanged()方法,因为我是在室内,没有移动,所以如果你获取不到经纬度,就要将定位服务调到仅使用网络定位或者关闭手机GPS这样就可以获取到了。
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