1 用问题来组织引言
• What is the problem?
• Are there any existing solutions (i.e. in the literature)?
• Which solution is the best?
• What is its main limitation? (i.e. What gap am I hoping to fill?)
• What do I hope to achieve?
• Have I achieved what I set out to do
2. 如何组织引言
选择一个或者多个部分
• definition of the topic plus background
• accepted state of the art plus problem to be resolved
• authors’ objectives
• introduction to the literature
接下来的部分应该怎么写
• survey of pertinent literature （文献综述）
• authors’ contribution （可以写关键的科学问题）
• aim of the present work （我们的将要做什么）
• main results / conclusions （简要陈述主要结论，可以先不写）
• future implications （未来影响可以只在讨论和结论中写）
• outline of structure （不一定要写）
Some writing experts advise avoiding stock phrases (i.e. typical phrases that everyone uses) at the beginning of the introduction. For example: Recent advances in ... The last few years have seen ... Instead they recommended beginning in a more direct way.
3. 比较一下摘要和引言
• what parts from Sects. 13.2 and 13.3 are covered in the Introduction. In the spaghetti paper, Parts 1–8 are condensed into eight sentences, Parts 9 and 10 are not mentioned
• how they are structured differently •
• what elements from the Abstract the Introduction expands on •
• how sentences from the Abstract are paraphrased in the Introduction •
• what information is covered in the Abstract but not in the Introduction, and vice versa •
• the relative word counts. This will give you an idea of the proportionate length of the Introduction compared to the Abstract. In the spaghetti paper the Abstract is 116 words, and the Introduction 201 words, so the Introduction is approximately twice as long. This is quite typical.
摘要和引言的句子最好别重复。
4 时态
present simple (general background context, description of what will be done in the paper), present perfect (past to present solutions), past simple (my contribution, though this may also be expressed using the present simple or future simple).
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