****用户须知***

!非盈利非盈利非盈利！

这段话应该会出现在笔者所有雅思笔记的上面吧我想~

这个是2018年九月份咸鱼笔者突击雅思整理的笔记，由于笔者国内的学校基本上没有教任何关于语法的知识导致grammar比洋人还差，一般情况下西方学校英文最好最标准的都是大陆or香港仔(笑)

本系列的所有教程均按照浙江教育出版社的 剑桥雅思语法精讲 的顺序来安排的，建议配套？（反正都是自学）

本笔记仅用于个人复习所用，部分内容设计XDF和英孚国际的教程，希望不要找我麻烦啦（跪地求饶）

被动语态的作用

被动语态是用来表示对「承受」某动作的人或物的关注，而不是关注「执行」某动作的人或物。换句话说，最重要的人或物变成句中的主词。

举例

• The passive voice is used frequently. (=
  我们关注的是被动语态，而不是关注使用被动语态的人)

• The house was built in 1654. (=
  我们关注的是房屋，而不是关注建造房屋的人)

• The road** is being repaired**. (= 我们关注的是道路，而不是关注修理道路的人)

有时候我们之所以会被动语态，是因为我们不知道丶不想表达执行动作的人或物。

举例

• I noticed that a window had been left open.

• Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads.

• All the cookies have been eaten.

• My car has been stolen!

被动语态常用在正式书写上，改用主动语态会让您的语句较清楚且容易理解。

被动	主动
A great deal of meaning** is conveyed **by a few well-chosen words.	A few well-chosen words convey a great deal of meaning.
Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases.	A mass of gases wrap around our planet.
Waste materials are disposed of in a variety of ways.	The city disposes of waste materials in a variety of ways.

如果在用被动语态时仍想表明执行动作的人或物，这时候就要用介词
by。当我们知道做动作的人是谁，也想强调这个人或事物，改用主动语态总是会比较好。

被动	主动
"A Hard Day's Night" was written by the Beatles.	The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's Night".
The movie ET was directed by Spielberg.	Spielberg directed the movie ET.
This house** was built by** my father.	My father** built** this house.

被动语态的构成

英语的被动语态是以两个要素组成：

适当的 Be 动词型态 + 过去分词

肯定句	否定句	疑问句	否定疑问句
The house was built in 1899.	The house wasn't built in 1899.	Was the house built in 1899?	Wasn't the house built in 1899?
These houses were built in 1899.	These houses weren't built in 1899.	Were these houses built in 1899?	Weren't these houses built in 1899?

被动语态，以 TO CLEAN 为例

主词	+ Be 动词（经过词形变化）	+ 过去分词	+ 句子的其余字词
一般现在时
The house	is	cleaned	every day.
现在进行时
The house	is being	cleaned	at the moment.
一般过去时
The house	was	cleaned	yesterday.
过去进行时
The house	was being	cleaned	last week.
现在完成时
The house	has been	cleaned	since you left.
过去完成时
The house	had been	cleaned	before they arrived.
一般将来时
The house	will be	cleaned	next week.
将来进行时
The house	will be being	cleaned	tomorrow.
条件式现在时
The house	would be	cleaned	if they had visitors.
条件式过去时
The house	would have been	cleaned	if it had been dirty.
不定式
The house	must be	cleaned	before we arrive.

带有不定词的被动语态

不定被动语态用于情态助词后，还有其他多数接不定词的动词后。

举例

• You have to be tested on your English grammar.

• John might be promoted next year.

• She wants to be invited to the party.

• I expect to be surprised on my birthday.

• You may be disappointed.

带有动名词的被动语态

动名词用在介词后，以及一般会接动名词的动词后。

举例

• I remember being taught to drive.

• The children are excited about being taken to the zoo.

• The children are excited to be taken to the zoo.

• Most film stars hate being interviewed.

• Most film stars hate to be interviewed.

• Poodles like to be pampered.

• Poodles like being pampered.

TO BE BORN 的用法

「to be
born」是一种被动型态，而且多数主要用于过去时。然而在某些情况下，使用现在时或将来时也很妥当。

举例

• I** was born** in 1976.

• Where were you born?

• Around 100 babies are born in this hospital every week.

• We don't know on exactly which day the baby will be born.

有时被动语态的构成会用动词 to get 或 to have 来取代 Be 动词。

来自
<https://liuxue.ef.com.cn/english-references/english-grammar/passive-voice/>

被动语态与主动语态的转换

用主动语态写的句子会比被动语态的句子还要容易理解。将被动语态转为主动语态很简单，但需要练习才能彻底掌握。在以下的对应表中，请注意被动句的
Be
动词时态一律和主动句的主要动词时态相同。为了要用主动语态，您必须明确表示做动作的主词为何。

主动语态和被动语态，以 TO KEEP 为例

时态	主动语态	被动语态	主动句	对应的被动句
一般现在时	keep	is kept	I keep the butter in the fridge.	The butter is kept in the fridge.
现在进行时	is keeping	is being kept	John is keeping my house tidy.	My house is being kept tidy.
一般过去时	kept	was kept	Mary kept her schedule meticulously.	Mary's schedule was kept meticulously.
过去进行时	was keeping	was being kept	The theater was keeping a seat for you.	A seat was being kept for you.
现在完成时	have kept	have been kept	I have kept all your old letters.	All your old letters have been kept.
过去完成时	had kept	had been kept	He had kept up his training regimen for a month.	His training regimen had been kept up for a month.
一般将来时	will keep	will be kept	Mark will keep the ficus.	The ficus will be kept.
条件式现在时	would keep	would be kept	If you told me, I would keep your secret.	If you told me, your secret would be kept.
条件式过去时	would have kept	would have been kept	I would have kept your bicycle here if you had left it with me.	Your bicycle would have been kept here if you had left it with me.
不定式现在时	to keep	to be kept	She wants to keep the book.	The book wants to be kept.
不定式完成时	to have kept	to have been kept	Judy was happy to have kept the puppy.	The puppy was happy to have been kept.
现在分词和动名词	keeping	being kept	I have a feeling that you may be keeping a secret.	I have a feeling that a secret may be being kept.
完成式分词	having kept	having been kept	Having kept the bird in a cage for so long, Jade wasn't sure it could survive in the wild.	The bird, having been kept in a cage for so long, might not survive in the wild.

来自
<https://liuxue.ef.com.cn/english-references/english-grammar/passive-voice-active-voice/>