初识ShinyDashboard

刘小泽写于19.11.12
ShinyDashboard为shiny提供了更方便的框架

这个包需要Shiny 0.11以上

0-1 安装

install.packages("shinydashboard")

0-2 新建一个空的ui.R

library(shinydashboard)

dashboardPage(
  dashboardHeader(),
  dashboardSidebar(),
  dashboardBody()
)

0-3 空的serve.R

server <- function(input, output) { }

0-4 案例一：根据滑动条调整数据的数量，然后画直方图

## ui.R ##
library(shinydashboard)

dashboardPage(
  dashboardHeader(title = strong("Basic dashboard")),
  dashboardSidebar(),
  dashboardBody(
    # 按行放置组件
    fluidRow(
      box(plotOutput("plot1", height = 250)),
      
      box(
        title = "Controls",
        sliderInput("slider", "Number of observations:", 1, 100, 50)
      )
    )
  )
)
## server.R ##
server <- function(input, output) { 
  set.seed(122)
  histdata <- rnorm(500)
  
  output$plot1 <- renderPlot({
    data <- histdata[seq_len(input$slider)]
    hist(data)
  })
  }

0-5 案例二：在sidebar中添加内容

这个过程很像shiny的tabPanel ，点击其中的某个按钮，会打开不一样的主界面

由于ui中包含了header、sidebar、body信息，写在一起太繁琐，因此可以分成3个不同脚本存放相关的设置，最后在ui.R中进行调用

0-5.1 首先是ui-headerbar.R

## 标题加粗，设置宽度
headerbar <- dashboardHeader(
  title = strong("Basic dashboard"),
  titleWidth = 270 
)

0-5.2 然后是ui-sidebar.R

## 定义了两个按钮，第一个参数是在界面中的显示，第二个是与body中信息关联的名称
sidebar <- dashboardSidebar(
  sidebarMenu(
    menuItem("Dashboard", tabName = "dashboard", icon = icon("dashboard")),
    menuItem("Widgets", tabName = "widgets", icon = icon("th"))
  )
)

0-5.3 接着是ui-body.R

## 指定两个tab分别显示什么信息
body <- dashboardBody( 
  tabItems(
    # First tab content
    tabItem(tabName = "dashboard",
            fluidRow(
              box(plotOutput("plot1", height = 250)),
              
              box(
                title = "Controls",
                sliderInput("slider", "Number of observations:", 1, 100, 50)
              )
            )
    ),
    
    # Second tab content
    tabItem(tabName = "widgets",
            h2("Widgets tab content")
    )
  )
)

0-5.4 最后是ui.R

source('ui-body.R')
source('ui-headerbar.R')
source('ui-sidebar.R')
shinyUI(
  dashboardPage(
    skin = "blue",
    headerbar,
    sidebar,
    body
  )
)

---

1 ShinyDashboard的基础之Shiny与HTML

官网链接：https://rstudio.github.io/shinydashboard/structure.html

为了理解dashboard的各个部件是如何组合的，首先需要了解Shiny 的UI是怎么构建的，也就是需要知道一点HTML网页的知识

之前学到Shiny中的div()、p()函数实际上就是生成了HTML的

例如：

# 在shiny中
div(class = "my-class", "Div content")
# HTML中
## <div class="my-class">Div content</div>

# 在shiny中
div(class = "my-class", p("Paragraph text"))
# HTML中
## <div class="my-class">
##   <p>Paragraph text</p>
## </div>

还有更复杂的：

sidebarPanel(
  div("First div"),
  div("Second div")
)
## <div class="col-sm-4">
##   <form class="well">
##     <div>First div</div>
##     <div>Second div</div>
##   </form>
## </div>

其实以上说明了，shiny之所以方便做网页，正式它把HTML语言给我们包装好了，只需要调取函数就行，不需要过多干预底层代码

---

2 UI结构总览

总共就是三大块：

header <- dashboardHeader()

sidebar <- dashboardSidebar()

body <- dashboardBody()

dashboardPage(header, sidebar, body)

2-1 首先是Header

总体上是这样效果：

2-1.1 设置标题

dashboardHeader(title = "My Dashboard")

另外看到右边👉有三个通知栏，它们是通过dropdownMenu()设置的；总共有三种：messages, notifications, and tasks

2-1.2 设置messages => dropdownMenu + messageItem

它属于dropdownMenu下的messageItem ，比如这里看到的Sales、New User、Support属于三个不同的messageItem，只是用不同的图标（icon）来显示。默认情况下，icon是第一个这种人影轮廓；还可以设置时间

dropdownMenu(type = "messages",
  messageItem(
    from = "Sales Dept",
    message = "Sales are steady this month."
  ),
  messageItem(
    from = "New User",
    message = "How do I register?",
    icon = icon("question"),
    time = "13:45"
  ),
  messageItem(
    from = "Support",
    message = "The new server is ready.",
    icon = icon("life-ring"),
    time = "2019-11-12"
  )
)

不过这种生成的样式是静态的。如果想让它动态变化，那么就要在server.R中进行设置

2-1.3 设置信息通知 notification => dropdownMenu + notificationItem

dropdownMenu(type = "notifications",
  notificationItem(
    text = "5 new users today",
    icon("users")
  ),
  notificationItem(
    text = "12 items delivered",
    icon("truck"),
    status = "success"
  ),
  notificationItem(
    text = "Server load at 86%",
    icon = icon("exclamation-triangle"),
    status = "warning"
  )
)

2-1.4 设置任务提醒 task => dropdownMenu + taskItem

dropdownMenu(type = "tasks", badgeStatus = "success",
  taskItem(value = 90, color = "green",
    "Documentation"
  ),
  taskItem(value = 17, color = "aqua",
    "Project X"
  ),
  taskItem(value = 75, color = "yellow",
    "Server deployment"
  ),
  taskItem(value = 80, color = "red",
    "Overall project"
  )
)

2-1.5 如果不想要header => dashboardHeader(disable = TRUE)

2-2 然后是Sidebar部分

侧边栏一般是用于快速检索，可以包含文字、滑块等，选择其中一项就会在主界面出现变化

2-2.1 添加badge => sidebarMenu + menuItem + badgeLabel

sidebar <- dashboardSidebar(
  sidebarMenu(
    menuItem("Dashboard", tabName = "dashboard", icon = icon("dashboard")),
    menuItem("Widgets", tabName = "widgets", icon = icon("th"),
             badgeLabel = "new", badgeColor = "green")
  )
)

2-2.2- menuItem的其他用途

除了添加一些tabs，它还可以添加外部链接，用href参数；另外使用newtab控制是否打开一个新窗口

menuItem("Source code", icon = icon("file-code-o"), 
             href = "https://github.com/rstudio/shinydashboard/",
             newtab = F)    

2-2.3 sidebar的ui与server交互 => renderMenu+ sidebarMenuOutput

# ui.R sidebarMenuOutput
ui <- dashboardPage(
  dashboardHeader(title = "Dynamic sidebar"),
  dashboardSidebar(
    sidebarMenuOutput("menu")
  ),
  dashboardBody()
)
# server.R renderMenu
server <- function(input, output) {
  output$menu <- renderMenu({
    sidebarMenu(
      menuItem("Menu item", icon = icon("calendar"))
    )
  })
}

2.2-4 在sidebar中输入 => sliderInput / textInput/ dateRangeInput ...

这些和shiny的一样

# 滑块
sliderInput("range", 
                  label = "Range of interest:",
                  min = 0, max = 100, value = c(0, 100))
# 输入文字
textInput("text", label = h3("Text input"), 
                     value = "Enter text...")
# 日期范围
dateRangeInput("dates", label = h3("Date range"))

除了shiny有的以外，它还有一个搜索框：sidebarSearchForm

sidebarSearchForm(textId = "searchText", buttonId = "searchButton",
                      label = "Search...")

与搜索功能对应的server函数是：input$searchText和input$searchButton

2.2-5 如果要取消使用sidebar => dashboardSidebar(disable = TRUE)

2-3 最后是Boby部分

2-3.1 这一部分可以包含任何的shiny内容，就是装在以box为基础的架构中 => fluidRow + box

例如：

body <- dashboardBody(
  fluidRow(
    box(
      title = "Histogram", 
      status = "primary", # 设置标题框颜色
      solidHeader = TRUE, # 标题是否设置字体背景
      collapsible = TRUE, # box可折叠
      plotOutput("plot1", height = 250)
    ),
    G
    box(
      title = "Inputs", 
      status = "warning", solidHeader = TRUE,
      "Box content here", br(), "More box content",
      sliderInput("slider", "Slider input:", 1, 100, 50),
      textInput("text", "Text input:")
    )
    
  )
)

得到的效果就是：

2-3.2 还支持背景颜色： => background

box(
  title = "Histogram", background = "maroon", solidHeader = TRUE,
  plotOutput("plot4", height = 250)
),

box(
  title = "Inputs", background = "black",
  "Box content here", br(), "More box content",
  sliderInput("slider", "Slider input:", 1, 100, 50),
  textInput("text", "Text input:")
)

当然，除了一般的box ，还有包含多种标签的tabBox、显示统计信息的infoBox、主要显示数值的valueBox

2-3.3 设置含有多个标签的tabBox => fluidRow + tabBox + tabPanel

tabBox很像shiny中的tabsetPanel ，其中可以包含多个tab，如果给tab赋予id，那么就可以通过server.R对它进行调整；另外tabBox与上面介绍的box也有共同之处，比如可以设置height, width, and title ，另外通过side = "right"可以设置tab逆序显示【下面都会有介绍】

设置第一行的两个并列的tabBox：

# first row
fluidRow(
    tabBox(
      title = "First tabBox",
      id = "tabset1", height = "250px",
      tabPanel("Tab1", "First tab content"),
      tabPanel("Tab2", "Tab content 2")
    ),
    tabBox(
      side = "right", height = "250px",
      selected = "Tab3",
      tabPanel("Tab1", "Tab content 1"),
      tabPanel("Tab2", "Tab content 2"),
      tabPanel("Tab3", "Note that when side=right, the tab order is reversed.")
    )
  )

再设置一行：

# second row
fluidRow(
    tabBox(
      # Title can include an icon
      title = tagList(shiny::icon("gear"), "tabBox status"),
      tabPanel("Tab1",
               "Currently selected tab from first box:",
               verbatimTextOutput("tabset1Selected")
      ),
      tabPanel("Tab2", "Tab content 2")
    )
  )

2-3.4 设置显示数值和简略信息的infoBox

注意参数fill的设置是关于填充色的；

因为这个信息是变化的，所以server.R端提供了：renderInfoBox函数；ui.R端提供了：infoBoxOutput函数；

颜色的设置参考：https://rstudio.github.io/shinydashboard/appearance.html#statuses-and-colors

#####################
# 一个静态的infoBox
#####################
fluidRow(
    # A static infoBox
    infoBox("New Orders", 10 * 2, icon = icon("credit-card"),
            fill = T))

#####################
# 一个动态的infoBox，需要与server.R交互
#####################
# ui.R
fluidRow(
        infoBoxOutput("progressBox"),
    infoBoxOutput("approvalBox")
)
# server.R
function(input, output) { 
  # 针对ui的progressBox
  output$progressBox <- renderInfoBox({
    infoBox(
      "Progress", paste0(25 + input$count, "%"), icon = icon("list"),
      color = "purple"
    )
  })
  # 针对ui的approvalBox
  output$approvalBox <- renderInfoBox({
    infoBox(
      "Approval", "80%", icon = icon("thumbs-up", lib = "glyphicon"),
      color = "yellow"
    )
  })
}

2-3.5 valueBox

和infoBox很像，但它着重体现数据。基本的设置和上面差不多，只是几个函数需要注意：

交互时的server端使用renderValueBox ，ui端使用valueBoxOutput

---

3 布局

Body部分就像一块画板，可以横着画也可以竖着，不同的小组件就是一幅幅简笔画，任务就是将它们排列到一起。画板的总宽度是12，于是可以横着排列3个width=4的组件

3-1 按行排列

所有的box必须包含在fluidRow()，而且一个fluidRow()函数就是一行的内容

# 第一行  
fluidRow(
    box(title = "Box title", "Box content"),
    box(status = "warning", "Box content")
  ),
  
# 第二行
fluidRow(
    box(
      title = "Title 1", width = 4, solidHeader = TRUE, 
      status = "primary","Box content"),
    box(
      title = "Title 2", width = 4, solidHeader = TRUE,
      "Box content"),
    box(
      title = "Title 1", width = 4, solidHeader = TRUE, 
      status = "warning", "Box content")
  )

如果看到一行中生成的box 不一样高，那么可以使用height设置成一般高

box(title = "Box title", height = 300, "Box content")

3-2 按列排列

可以用fluidRow + column + box (参数 width = NULL)

例如：

fluidRow(
    column(width = 4,
      box(
        title = "Box title", width = NULL, status = "primary",
        "Box content"
      ))

3-3 行列混合

比如首先是按行排列，然后剩余的按列排列

# 首先是按行排1行
fluidRow(
    box(
      title = "Box title", width = 6, status = "primary",
      "Box content"
    ),
    box(
      status = "warning", width = 6,
      "Box content"
    )
  ),
# 剩余的按列排成3列
fluidRow(
  # 第1列
    column(width = 4,
      box(
        title = "Title 1", width = NULL, solidHeader = TRUE, # 标题框实心
        status = "primary", # 设置标题框颜色
        "Box content"
      ),
      box(
        width = NULL, background = "black", #没有标题框，只有字体背景颜色
        "A box with a solid black background"
      )
    ),
        # 第2列
    column(width = 4,
      box(
        title = "Title 3", width = NULL, solidHeader = TRUE, status = "warning",
        "Box content"
      ),
      box(
        title = "Title 5", width = NULL, background = "light-blue",
        "A box with a solid light-blue background"
      )
   ),
  # 第3列
  column(width = 4,
      box(
        title = "Title 2", width = NULL, solidHeader = TRUE,
        "Box content"
      ),
      box(
        title = "Title 6", width = NULL, background = "maroon",
        "A box with a solid maroon background"
      )
    )
)

---

4 外观设置

4-1 皮肤/主题

默认是蓝色，还有Black、Purple、Green、Red、Yellow

shinyUI(
  dashboardPage(
    skin = "blue",
    headerbar,
    sidebar,
    body
  )
)

4-2 长标题

如果标题很长的话，默认的设置不会匹配。可以用titleWidth进行设置

dashboardHeader(
      title = "Example of a long title that needs more space",
      titleWidth = 450
    )

另外如果想让标题和标题栏的颜色一致的话：

dashboardBody(
      # Also add some custom CSS to make the title background area the same
      # color as the rest of the header.
      tags$head(tags$style(HTML('
        .skin-blue .main-header .logo {
          background-color: #3c8dbc;
        }
        .skin-blue .main-header .logo:hover {
          background-color: #3c8dbc;
        }
      ')))

4-3 设置sidebar的宽度

可以调整成和标题等宽的

dashboardHeader(
      title = "Title and sidebar 350 pixels wide",
      titleWidth = 350
    )

dashboardSidebar(
      width = 350,
      sidebarMenu(
        menuItem("Menu Item")
      )
    )

4-4 设置图标icon

icon来自：Font-Awesome【默认】 and Glyphicons

• http://fontawesome.io/icons/
• http://getbootstrap.com/components/#glyphicons

4-5 可用的颜色

通过?validStatuses可以查看一个box的标题框颜色

更直接的方法是：?validColors设置color信息

---

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