史蒂夫·乔布斯传 Steve Jobs:A Biography
作者：沃尔特·艾萨克森 (Walter Isaacson ) [美国]
1955年2月24日，史蒂夫·乔布斯出生在美国旧金山，生活在美国硅谷附近。邻居都是惠普公司的职员。在这些人的影响下，乔布斯从小迷恋电子学。一个惠普的工程师看他如此痴迷，就推荐他参加惠普公司的“发现者俱乐部“，这是个专门为年轻工程师举办的聚会，每星期二晚上在公司的餐厅中举行。在一次聚会中，乔布斯第一次见到了电脑，他开始对计算机有了一个朦胧的认识。
暮光之城2: 新月 The Twilight Saga: New Moon
(1) The Adoption
（1）领养
When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates.
第二次世界大战后，保罗·乔布斯从海岸警卫队退伍时，与他的队员们打了一个赌。
They had arrived in San-Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks.
他们到达旧金山，在这里，他们的舰船退役了，保罗打赌说他要在两周之内给自己找到一个妻子。
He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean.
他是个肌肉发达、有着文身的引擎机械师，6英尺高，长相酷似詹姆斯·迪恩（James Dean）。
But it wasn't his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants.
他约到了克拉拉·哈戈皮安（Clara Hagopian），一个出身亚美尼亚移民家庭的甜美风趣的女孩子。
It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening.
女孩看上的并不是他的容貌，而是他和他的朋友们可以使用一辆轿车，这是她当晚原计划的出行对象们做不到的。
Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later.
10天以后，1946年3月，保罗与克拉拉订婚，同时也赢得了他的赌注。事实证明这是一段幸福的婚姻，两人厮守了40多年，直至死亡将他们分开。
Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin.
保罗·莱因霍尔德·乔布斯（Paul Rdnhold Jobs）在威斯康星州日耳曼敦的一家奶牛场长大。
Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior.
尽管父亲是个酒鬼，有时候还会虐待他，但在保罗粗犷的外表下还是有着一颗温柔宁静的心。
After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn't know how to swim.
髙中退学后，他穿梭于中西部地区，做着机械师的工作，直到19岁那年加入海岸警卫队——虽然他并不会游泳。
He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman.
他被安排在美国海军的梅格斯号运兵船（USS General M。 C。 Meigs）上，战争中的大多数时间都在为巴顿将军向意大利运输部队。他作为一名机械师和锅炉工的天赋为他赢得了不少奖励，但他偶尔也会惹上一点儿小麻烦，所以军衔从来没有高过一等兵。
Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child.
克拉拉出生在新泽西州，这里也是她的父母逃离土耳其控制下的亚美尼亚之后落脚的地方。在她童年时，全家搬到了旧金山的米申区。
She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life.
她有一个很少对外提及的秘密：她曾经结过婚，但她的丈夫在战争中身亡了。所以当她第一次和保罗约会时，心中已经准备好迎接崭新的生活了。
Like many who lived through the war, they had experienced enough excitement that, when it was over, they desired simply to settle down, raise a family, and lead a less eventful life.
如同许多经历过战争的人一样，他们已经经历了太多的刺激，所以当战争结束之后，他们渴望安定下来，生儿育女，过平静的生活。
They had little money, so they moved to Wisconsin and lived with Paul's parents for a few years, then headed for Indiana, where he got a job as a machinist for International Harvester.
他们没有多少钱，所以搬到威斯康星州与保罗的父母一起居住了几年，然后又去了印第安纳州，在那里，保罗找到了一份工作——在国际收割机公司（International Harvester）做机械师。
His passion was tinkering with old cars, and he made money in his spare time buying, restoring, and selling them. Eventually he quit his day job to become a full-time used car salesman.
他喜欢修理汽车，业余时间他靠买下旧车，修好后再卖出去赚钱。最终，他辞去了工作，成了一名全职的二手车商人。
Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there.
然而，克拉拉深爱着旧金山。1952年，她终于说服丈夫，全家搬回了旧金山。
They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a "repo man," picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn't paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process.
他们在日落区买下了一套公寓，地处金门公园南端，面朝太平洋。保罗在一家信贷公司找到了一份“回收人”的工作——撬开不能偿还贷款的车主的车锁，将车拖回，重新处置。有时候他也会买下这样的车，修好后出售，靠赚到的钱过着小康生活。
There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child.
但他们的生活中却始终缺少一样东西。他们想要孩子，但克拉拉经历过一次宫外孕而丧失了生育能力。到1955年，在结婚9年后，他们开始寻求领养一个孩子。
Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter's relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria.
与保罗·乔布斯一样，乔安妮·席贝尔（Joanne Schieble）也来自威斯康星乡村的一个德裔家庭。她的父亲，亚瑟·席贝尔（Arthur Schieble），移民美国后辗转来到了格林贝（GreenBay）的郊区。他和妻子在这里拥有一家水貂饲养场，还成功涉足了其他一些生意，从房地产到光刻。他很严厉，尤其是在对待女儿的恋爱问题上，他强烈反对女儿和初恋对象的交往，因为此人不是天主教徒。所以，当在威斯康星大学读研究生的乔安妮爱上了一个来自叙利亚的穆斯林助教，“约翰”阿卜杜勒法塔赫·钱德里（Abdulfattah“John”Jandali）时，他威胁要与她断绝关系，就一点儿也不让人惊讶了。
Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a "traditional Muslim woman" who was a "conservative, obedient housewife." Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science.
钱德里来自一个显赫的叙利亚家庭，是家里9个孩子中年纪最小的一个。他的父亲拥有多家炼油厂和其他多重产业，在大马士革和霍姆斯也有大量财产，还一度控制了那一地区的小麦价格。和席贝尔家一样，钱德里家族十分重视教育，好几代以来，家庭成员都被送到伊斯坦布尔或者巴黎索邦大学就读。阿卜杜勒法塔赫·钱德里就曾被送到一所耶稣会寄宿学校，尽管他是个穆斯林。他在位于贝鲁特的美国大学（AmericanUniversity）拿到了学士学位，然后来到了威斯康星大学，在政治学系攻读硕士并担任助教。
In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions.
1954年的夏天，乔安妮和阿卜杜勒法塔赫一起去了叙利亚。他们在霍姆斯待了两个月，乔安妮从男友的家人那里学会了做叙利亚菜。他们回到威斯康星后，乔安妮发现自己怀孕了。当年他们都是23岁，但决定不结婚。乔安妮的父亲当时已经快死了，他威胁她说，如果她跟阿卜杜勒法塔赫结婚，他就跟她断绝父女关系。在他们那个小小的天主教社区，堕胎也绝不是一件容易的事情。1955年初，乔安妮来到旧金山，被一名好心的医生收留，这位医生为未婚的准妈妈们提供庇护，帮她们接生，然后安排秘密的收养。
Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born-on February 24, 1955 -- the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs.
乔安妮立下了一条规定：领养她孩子的人必须是大学毕业生。所以医生将这个孩子安排给了一位律师和他的妻子。1955年2月24日这一天，乔安妮生下了一个男孩。而安排好的那对夫妇希望领养的是女孩，所以他们退出了。因此，这个男孩没能成为律师的儿子，而是成为了一个高中退学生的儿子，这个人对机械有着极髙的热情，还有一个身为记账员的谦逊的妻子。保罗和克拉拉给孩子取名为史蒂文·保罗·乔布斯。
When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise-indeed sign a pledge-to fund a savings account to pay for the boy's college education.
但是，乔安妮关于孩子的养父母必须是大学毕业生的要求并没有改变。当她发现这对夫妇甚至连髙中都没有念完时，她拒绝在领养文件上签字。僵局持续了数周，即便史蒂夫已经在乔布斯家安定下来了。最终，乔安妮放宽了要求：乔布斯夫妇必须承诺 —— 在一份保证书上签字——设立专款，送这个孩子上大学。
There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later tell family members, sometimes tearing up at the memory, that once they were married, she could get their baby boy back.
乔安妮迟迟不愿在领养文件上签字还有一个原因。她的父亲快死了，而她计划在父亲死后与钱德里结婚。她还怀有一丝希望 —— 一旦他们结婚，她就可以把儿子要回来。因为有时候想到儿子的事还是会很伤心，她准备日后向家人和盘托出。
Arthur Schieble died in August 1955, after the adoption was finalized. Just after Christmas that year, Joanne and Abdulfattah were married in St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church in Green Bay. He got his PhD in international politics the next year, and then they had another child, a girl named Mona. After she and Jandali divorced in 1962, Joanne embarked on a dreamy and peripatetic life that her daughter, who grew up to become the acclaimed novelist Mona Simpson, would capture in her book Anywhere but Here. Because Steve's adoption had been closed, it would be twenty years before they would all find each other.
结果，亚瑟·席贝尔死于1955年8月，是领养程序结束后的几个星期。那年的圣诞节刚结束，乔安妮和阿卜杜勒法塔赫·钱德里就在格林贝的使徒圣菲利普天主教堂（St Philip the Apostle Catholic Church）完婚了。第二年，钱德里拿到了国际政治学的博士学位，他们生了另一个孩子，女孩，名叫莫娜。1962年和钱德里离婚后，乔安妮过上了梦一般游荡的生活，这些都被她女儿 —— 后来成为杰出小说家的莫娜·辛普森 —— 描绘在她的凄美小说《在别处》（Any where But Here）中。因为史蒂夫的领养程序是非常私密的，所以直到20年后，他们才得以相认。
Steve Jobs knew from an early age that he was adopted. "My parents were very open with me about that," he recalled. He had a vivid memory of sitting on the lawn of his house, when he was six or seven years old, telling the girl who lived across the street. "So does that mean your real parents didn't want you?" the girl asked. "Lightning bolts went off in my head," according to Jobs. "I remember running into the house, crying. And my parents said, 'No, you have to understand.' They were very serious and looked me straight in the eye. They said, 'We specifically picked you out.' Both of my parents said that and repeated it slowly for me. And they put an emphasis on every word in that sentence."
史蒂夫·乔布斯很早就知道了自己是被领养的。“我的父母在这件事情上对我很坦率。”他回忆道。他记得很清楚，六七岁的时候，他坐在自家屋前的草地上，向住在街对面的女孩讲述这件事情。“这是不是说明你的亲生父母不要你了？”女孩问。“天啊，我当时就像被闪电击中了一样，”乔布斯这么说，“我跑回家，大声哭喊。我父母说：‘不是这样的，你要理解这件事情。’他们当时很严肃，直直地看着我的眼睛。他们说：‘我们是专门挑的你。’他们两人都这么说，并且放慢语速向我重复这句话。他们强调了这句话里的每一个字。”
Abandoned. Chosen. Special. Those concepts became part of who Jobs was and how he regarded himself. His closest friends think that the knowledge that he was given up at birth left some scars. "I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth," said one longtime colleague, Del Yocam. "He wants to control his environment, and he sees the product as an extension of himself." Greg Calhoun, who became close to Jobs right after college, saw another effect. "Steve talked to me a lot about being abandoned and the pain that caused," he said. "It made him independent. He followed the beat of a different drummer, and that came from being in a different world than he was born into."
被遗弃。被选择。很特别。这些概念成为了乔布斯的一部分，也影响了他对自己的看法。他最亲密的朋友们认为，一出生就被遗弃这个事实给他留下了几道伤疤。“我想，他想完全掌控自己制造的每一样东西的那种强烈**，就来源于他的性格以及刚出生就被抛弃这件事。”跟乔布斯共事了很多年的德尔·约克姆（Del Yocam）这么说。格雷格·卡尔霍恩（Greg Calhoun）看到了另一种影响，“他想控制外界环境，而且他把产品看做自己的一种延伸。”格雷格大学毕业后就与乔布斯关系密切。“史蒂夫跟我讲了很多他被亲生父母遗弃及其造成的伤害，”他说，“这件事形成了他独立的性格。他遵循着另外一套行为方式，这是因为他生活在自己的小世界里——与他的生长环境截然不同的世界。”
Later in life, when he was the same age his biological father had been when he abandoned him, Jobs would father and abandon a child of his own. (He eventually took responsibility for her.) Chrisann Brennan, the mother of that child, said that being put up for adoption left Jobs "full of broken glass," and it helps to explain some of his behavior. "He who is abandoned is an abandoner," she said. Andy Hertzfeld, who worked with Jobs at Apple in the early 1980s, is among the few who remained close to both Brennan and Jobs. "The key question about Steve is why he can't control himself at times from being so reflexively cruel and harmful to some people," he said. "That goes back to being abandoned at birth. The real underlying problem was the theme of abandonment in Steve's life."
后来，乔布斯23岁时——这正是他的生父拋弃他时的年纪——乔布斯有了自己的孩子并抛弃了她。（最后他还是承担了作为一个父亲的责任。）孩子的母亲克里斯安·布伦南（Chrisann Brennan）说，被领养一事让乔布斯“满是伤痕”，这也解释了他后来的行为。“他曾经被遗弃过，但后来他也遗弃了别人。”克里斯安如是说。20世纪80年代与乔布斯一起在苹果公司密切合作过的安迪·赫茨菲尔德（AndyHertzfeld），是少数几个与乔布斯和布伦南两者都保持紧密联系的人。“史蒂夫身上的关键问题是，为什么他有时候会失控般变得残酷并伤害别人，”他说，“那还要追溯到他一出生便被遗弃这件事上。真正的潜在问题是，史蒂夫的生活中，永远有‘被遗弃’这样一个主题。”
Jobs dismissed this. "There's some notion that because I was abandoned, I worked very hard so I could do well and make my parents wish they had me back, or some such nonsense, but that's ridiculous," he insisted. "Knowing I was adopted may have made me feel more independent, but I have never felt abandoned. I've always felt special. My parents made me feel special." He would later bristle whenever anyone referred to Paul and Clara Jobs as his "adoptive" parents or implied that they were not his "real" parents. "They were my parents 1,000%," he said. When speaking about his biological parents, on the other hand, he was curt: "They were my sperm and egg bank. That's not harsh, it's just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more."
乔布斯否认了这点。“有些人认为，因为我被父母抛弃过，所以我非常努力地工作以求出人头地，这样我父母就会后悔当初的决定，还有一些类似的言论，都太荒谬了，”他坚称，“知道自己是被领养的也许让我感觉更加独立，但我从未感觉自己被抛弃过。我一直都觉得自己很特别。我的父母让我觉得自己很特别。”之后，每当有人称保罗和克拉拉为乔布斯的“养父母”或者暗示他们不是他的“亲生父母”时，他就会异常愤怒。“他们百分之一千是我的父母。”他说。另一方面，当谈及他的亲生父母时，他显得很草率：“他们就是我的精子库和卵子库，这话并不过分，因为这就是事实，他们扮演的就是精子库的角色，仅此而已。
(2) Silicon Valley
（2）硅谷
The childhood that Paul and Clara Jobs created for their new son was, in many ways, a stereotype of the late 1950s. When Steve was two they adopted a girl they named Patty, and three years later they moved to a tract house in the suburbs. The finance company where Paul worked as a repo man, CIT, had transferred him down to its Palo Alto office, but he could not afford to live there, so they landed in a subdivision in Mountain View, a less expensive town just to the south.
保罗和克拉拉夫妇为他们的儿子创造的童年，从很多方面来说，都是20世纪50年代后期的典型模式。乔布斯两岁那年，他们领养了一个女儿，取名为帕蒂，3年后他们搬到了郊区的一栋房子里。保罗担任“回收人”的CIT信贷公司将他调到了帕洛奥图的办事处，但他承受不起那里高昂的生活费用，所以他们选择了在南边的山景城落脚，那里的生活开销相对低廉。
There Paul tried to pass along his love of mechanics and cars. "Steve, this is your workbench now," he said as he marked off a section of the table in their garage. Jobs remembered being impressed by his father's focus on craftsmanship. "I thought my dad's sense of design was pretty good," he said, "because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him."
保罗·乔布斯想把自己对机械和汽车的热爱传递给儿子。“史蒂夫，从现在开始这就是你的工作台了。”他边说边在车库里的桌子上划出一块。乔布斯还记得父亲对手工技艺的专注曾让自己印象深刻。“我觉得爸爸的设计感很好，”他说，“因为他什么都会做。要是家里缺个柜子，他就会做一个。给家里搭栅栏的时候，他给我一把锤子，这样我就能跟他一起干活儿了。”
Fifty years later the fence still surrounds the back and side yards of the house in Mountain View. As Jobs showed it off to me, he caressed the stockade panels and recalled a lesson that his father implanted deeply in him. It was important, his father said, to craft the backs of cabinets and fences properly, even though they were hidden. "He loved doing things right. He even cared about the look of the parts you couldn't see."
50年后，当年的栅栏依然包围着山景城那处房子与院落。乔布斯向我展示的时候，轻抚着栅栏的木板，回想起了父亲深深植入他脑中的一课。老乔布斯说，把柜子和栅栏的背面制作好也十分重要，尽管这些地方人们是看不到的。“他喜欢追求完美，即使别人看不到的地方他也会很关心。”
His father continued to refurbish and resell used cars, and he festooned the garage with pictures of his favorites. He would point out the detailing of the design to his son: the lines, the vents, the chrome, the trim of the seats. After work each day, he would change into his dungarees and retreat to the garage, often with Steve tagging along. "I figured I could get him nailed down with a little mechanical ability, but he really wasn't interested in getting his hands dirty," Paul later recalled. "He never really cared too much about mechanical things."
父亲继续着翻新、出售二手车的事业，并在车库里贴满了他喜爱的汽车的图片。他会向儿子介绍车辆设计的细节——线条、排气孔、铬合金以及座椅的装饰。每天下班后，他就换上工作服，窝在车库里，史蒂夫也常常跟着他。“我原本想让他掌握一点儿机械方面的技能，但他不愿意把手弄脏，”保罗后来回忆说，“他从没有真正喜欢过机械方面的东西。”
"I wasn't that into fixing cars," Jobs admitted. "But I was eager to hang out with my dad." Even as he was growing more aware that he had been adopted, he was becoming more attached to his father. One day when he was about eight, he discovered a photograph of his father from his time in the Coast Guard. "He's in the engine room, and he's got his shirt off and looks like James Dean. It was one of those Oh wow moments for a kid. Wow, oooh, my parents were actually once very young and really good-looking."
在引擎盖下修修补补根本吸引不了乔布斯。“我对修汽车没什么兴趣。但我特别喜欢跟爸爸待在一起。”即使随着年龄的增长，他越来越意识到自己是被领养的，他还是越来越喜欢跟爸爸黏在一起。乔布斯差不多8岁的时候，有一天他发现了一张父亲在海岸警卫队时的照片。“他在轮机舱里，上身**，看上去很像詹姆斯·迪恩。对一个孩子来说，那一刻只能用‘哇，天哪’来形容了。哇，天哪！我的父母也曾经年轻过，而且长相也很不错。”
Through cars, his father gave Steve his first exposure to electronics. "My dad did not have a deep understanding of electronics, but he'd encountered it a lot in automobiles and other things he would fix. He showed me the rudiments of electronics, and I got very interested in that." Even more interesting were the trips to scavenge for parts. "Every weekend, there'd be a junkyard trip. We'd be looking for a generator, a carburetor, all sorts of components." He remembered watching his father negotiate at the counter. "He was a good bargainer, because he knew better than the guys at the counter what the parts should cost." This helped fulfill the pledge his parents made when he was adopted. "My college fund came from my dad paying $50 for a Ford Falcon or some other beat-up car that didn't run, working on it for a few weeks, and selling it for $250 -- and not telling the IRS."
通过汽车，父亲让史蒂夫第一次接触到了电子设备。“他对电子设备并没有很深的了解，但他经常在汽车以及其他修理对象上跟电子设备打交道。他为我展示了电子设备的基本原理，我觉得很有趣。”更有趣的是去废品堆里寻找零部件的过程。“每个周末，我们都会进行一次废品站之旅。我们会寻找发电机，或者化油器，还有各种各样的元件。”他还记得看着父亲在柜台前谈价格。“他很揸长讨价还价，因为他比卖家更清楚零件的合理价格。”这一点对于实现他父母当初领养他时许下的承诺很有帮助。“我上大学的钱是这么来的：我父亲会花50美元买下一辆已经开不动的福特猎鹰（Ford Falcon）或者其他什么破车，花几个星期修好它，然后以250美元的价格卖出去——而且他不会去报税。”
The Jobses' house and the others in their neighborhood were built by the real estate developer Joseph Eichler, whose company spawned more than eleven thousand homes in various California subdivisions between 1950 and 1974. Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright's vision of simple modern homes for the American "everyman," Eichler built inexpensive houses that featured floor-to-ceiling glass walls, open floor plans, exposed post-and-beam construction, concrete slab floors, and lots of sliding glass doors. "Eichler did a great thing," Jobs said on one of our walks around the neighborhood. "His houses were smart and cheap and good. They brought clean design and simple taste to lower-income people. They had awesome little features, like radiant heating in the floors. You put carpet on them, and we had nice toasty floors when we were kids."
乔布斯家的房子位于迪亚布洛大道286号，和他们周围的房子一样，都是由房地产开发商约瑟夫·埃奇勒（JosephEichler）建造的，他的公司于19501974年间，在加州的各个地区兴建了超过11000座房屋。受到弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特（Frank Lloyd Wright）“适合美国普通百姓的简单现代之家”这一设想的启发，埃奇勒建造了廉价房屋，这些房屋的特点是：落地的玻璃墙、开放式的平面设计、无遮蔽的梁柱构造、混凝土地面以及大量的滑动玻璃门。“埃奇勒做得很好，”乔布斯有一次和我在附近散步时说，“他造的房子整洁漂亮，价格低廉，质量优秀。他们把干净的设计和简洁的品位帯给了低收入人群。房子本身有很棒的小特色，比如地板下安装了热辐射供暧设施。我们小的时候，铺上地毯，躺在上面，温暧舒适。”
Jobs said that his appreciation for Eichler homes instilled in him a passion for making nicely designed products for the mass market. "I love it when you can bring really great design and simple capability to something that doesn't cost much," he said as he pointed out the clean elegance of the houses. "It was the original vision for Apple. That's what we tried to do with the first Mac. That's what we did with the iPod."
乔布斯说，他对埃奇勒建造的房屋的欣赏，激发了他为大众制造设计精良的产品的热情。“我喜欢把很棒的设计和简便的功能融入产品中，而且不会太贵，”他一边向我指出这些房屋的干净典雅之处，一边说道，“这是苹果公司最初的设想，我们在制造第一台Mac电脑时就尝试这么做，并在iPod上实现了这个设想。”
Across the street from the Jobs family lived a man who had become successful as a real estate agent. "He wasn't that bright," Jobs recalled, "but he seemed to be making a fortune. So my dad thought, 'I can do that.' He worked so hard, I remember. He took these night classes, passed the license test, and got into real estate. Then the bottom fell out of the market." As a result, the family found itself financially strapped for a year or so while Steve was in elementary school. His mother took a job as a bookkeeper for Varian Associates, a company that made scientific instruments, and they took out a second mortgage. One day his fourth-grade teacher asked him, "What is it you don't understand about the universe?" Jobs replied, "I don't understand why all of a sudden my dad is so broke." He was proud that his father never adopted a servile attitude or slick style that may have made him a better salesman. "You had to suck up to people to sell real estate, and he wasn't good at that and it wasn't in his nature. I admired him for that." Paul Jobs went back to being a mechanic.
乔布斯家的对面曾经住着一个成功的房地产经纪人。“他也不是很聪明，”乔布斯回忆说，“但看起来他好像赚了不少钱。于是我爸爸就想：‘我也能干这一行啊。’我记得他拼命努力，去上夜校，通过了执照考试，进入了房地产业。紧接着，房地产市场崩溃了。”结果，乔布斯一家经济拮据了差不多一年时间，当时史蒂夫还在上小学。他妈妈在生产科学仪器的瓦里安联合公司（Varian Associates）找到了一份记账员的工作，他们家也给房子办理了第二份抵押贷款。有一天，他的四年级老师问他：“关于这个世界，你有什么不明白的？”乔布斯回答说：“我不明白为什么我爸爸一夜之间就破产了。”虽然如此，乔布斯还是很为父亲感到骄傲，因为他从来没有学会那种卑躬屈膝的态度和圆滑诡诈的作风，尽管这些特质能让他成为一个业绩更好的经纪人。“想卖出房子，你就必须巴结别人，爸爸不擅长这个，他本性也不是这样的人。这一点我很钦佩他。”保罗·乔布斯做回了老本行——机械师。
His father was calm and gentle, traits that his son later praised more than emulated. He was also resolute. Jobs described one example:
他的父亲宁静又温和，这些特质后来得到了乔布斯的赞扬而不是仿效。他还是一个坚决果断的人。
Nearby was an engineer who was working at Westinghouse. He was a single guy, beatnik type. He had a girlfriend. She would babysit me sometimes. Both my parents worked, so I would come here right after school for a couple of hours. He would get drunk and hit her a couple of times. She came over one night, scared out of her wits, and he came over drunk, and my dad stood him down-saying "She's here, but you're not coming in." He stood right there. We like to think everything was idyllic in the 1950s, but this guy was one of those engineers who had messed-up lives.
住在我们隔壁的是一个在西屋电气公司研究光伏电池的工程师。他还没有结婚，属于掉的一代”那种类型的人。他有一个女朋友，她有时候会给我做保姆。我的父母都要工作，所以放学后我就去他们家待几个小时。他会喝醉酒，然后还会打她。有天晚上她吓得魂不附体地跑到我们家来，那男人也醉醺醺地跟过来了，我爸爸拦住他说：“她是在这儿，但你不准进来。”他就站在那儿。上世纪50年代的时候，我们以为万事都是平静祥和的，但这个家伙就属于那种生活一团糟的工程师。
What made the neighborhood different from the thousands of other spindly-tree subdivisions across America was that even the ne'er-do-wells tended to be engineers. "When we moved here, there were apricot and plum orchards on all of these corners," Jobs recalled. "But it was beginning to boom because of military investment." He soaked up the history of the valley and developed a yearning to play his own role. Edwin Land of Polaroid later told him about being asked by Eisenhower to help build the U --2 spy plane cameras to see how real the Soviet threat was. The film was dropped in canisters and returned to the NASA Ames Research Center in Sunnyvale, not far from where Jobs lived. "The first computer terminal I ever saw was when my dad brought me to the Ames Center," he said. "I fell totally in love with it."
这个地区与遍布美国的千千万万个绿树浓荫的地区不同的一点是，即便是个一无所长的人也想成为工程师。“我们搬到这里时，每个角落都能看到杏子和李子果园乔布斯回忆说，“但因为军事投资的关系，整个地区开始急速发展起来。”乔布斯受到眭谷历史的浸淫，渴望自己也能施展拳脚。宝丽来的埃德温·兰德后来告诉他，艾森豪威尔曾要求自己帮助制造U—2侦察机上的照相机，来监视苏联的威胁。胶卷被装在小罐子里，然后送到森尼韦尔的美国国家航空航天局埃姆斯研究中心（NASA Ames Research Center），这里离乔布斯家不远。“我第一次见到计算机终端，就是我爸爸带我去埃姆斯中心的时候他说，“我觉得自己彻底爰上它了。”
Other defense contractors sprouted nearby during the 1950s. The Lockheed Missiles and Space Division, which built submarine-launched ballistic missiles, was founded in 1956 next to the NASA Center; by the time Jobs moved to the area four years later, it employed twenty thousand people. A few hundred yards away, Westinghouse built facilities that produced tubes and electrical transformers for the missile systems. "You had all these military companies on the cutting edge," he recalled. "It was mysterious and high-tech and made living here very exciting."
其他的国防项目承包商也于20世纪50年代陆续在周边地区落地生根。1956年，生产潜射弹道导弹的洛克希德公司导弹与空间部门（The Lock heed Missiles and Space Division）在NASA中心隔壁成立；4年后乔布斯一家搬到这里时，该部门已经雇用了20000名员工。几百米之外就是西屋电气公司，其生产的设备是用来为导弹系统制造电子管和变压器的。“拥有尖端科技的军事公司云集于此，”他回忆道，“这太不可思议、太髙科技了，生活在这里真让人觉得兴奋。”
In the wake of the defense industries there arose a booming economy based on technology. Its roots stretched back to 1938, when David Packard and his new wife moved into a house in Palo Alto that had a shed where his friend Bill Hewlett was soon ensconced. The house had a garage-an appendage that would prove both useful and iconic in the valley-in which they tinkered around until they had their first product, an audio oscillator. By the 1950s, Hewlett-Packard was a fast-growing company making technical instruments.
国防工业的复苏，引发了一场依托科技的经济急速发展。这场发展的根基还要回溯到1938年，当时戴维·帕卡德和他的新婚妻子搬进了帕洛奥图的一座公寓，很快他的朋友比尔·休利特也在这座公寓的一个小屋里安顿了下来。房子有一间车库 —— 这间车库后来成为了硅谷的标志之一 —— 在这里，他们敲敲打打，制造出了自己的第一件产品：一台音频振荡器。到20世纪50年代，惠普已经成为一家制造技术仪器的快速成长的公司。
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