GO term Definition (Oryza sativa

*Note: Numbers in brackets represent total terms.

Term: biological_process (9583)

Definition: A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.

Term: cellular_component (10112)

Definition: A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome).

Term: molecular_function(9076)

Definition: A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process.

Subterms in molecular_function

1.antioxidant activity(124)
Definition: Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O₂) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage.

antioxidant activity
2.binding(3273)
Definition: The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
3.catalytic activity(5774)
Definition: Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
4.general transcription initiation factor activity(19)
Definition: A molecular function required for core promoter activity that mediates the assembly of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme at promoter DNA to form the pre-initiation complex (PIC). General transcription factors (GTFs) bind to and open promoter DNA, initiate RNA synthesis and stimulate the escape of the polymerase from the promoter. Not all subunits of the general transcription factor are necessarily present at all promoters to initiate transcription. GTFs act at each promoter, although the exact subunit composition at individual promoters may vary.
5.molecular adaptor activity(70)
Definition: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.

6.molecular carrier activity(44)
Definition: Directly binding to a specific ion or molecule and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.
7.molecular function regulator(402)
Definition: A molecular function that modulates the activity of a gene product or complex. Examples include enzyme regulators and channel regulators.
8.molecular transducer activity(139)
Definition:A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components.
9.negative regulation of molecular function(142)
Definition: Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.

10.positive regulation of molecular function(91)
Definition: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
11.protein folding chaperone(27)
Definition: Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process.

12.protein tag(33)
Definition: A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.
13.regulation of molecular function(445)
Definition: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.

14.phosphorelay sensor kinase activity(4)
Definition: Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a histidine residue in response to detection of an extracellular signal such as a chemical ligand or change in environment, to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The two-component sensor is a histidine kinase that autophosphorylates a histidine residue in its active site. The phosphate is then transferred to an aspartate residue in a downstream response regulator, to trigger a response.
15.structural molecule activity(251)
Definition: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or its assembly within or outside a cell.
16.transcription regulator activity(560)
Definition: A molecular function that controls the rate, timing and/or magnitude of gene transcription. The function of transcriptional regulators is to modulate gene expression at the transcription step so that they are expressed in the right cell at the right time and in the right amount throughout the life of the cell and the organism. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
17.translation regulator activity(82)
Definition: Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
18.transporter activity(718)
Definition: Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.