Maven配置及介绍
很多时候开发效率低下，大部分原因是IDE环境不熟悉、配置不会配置；因此在学习一项技能之前，有必要对基本的环境配置有所了解，正所谓磨刀不误砍柴工。这篇文章主要针对初次接触Maven，不熟悉配置的研究人员。
以前开发Java Web工程时，需要导入很多依赖包，但是随着工程逐渐变大，所管理的包越来越多，有必要使用工具来管理这些包，这样不需要我们手动导入；Maven就是为了解决管理jar的问题。
Maven是一个采用纯Java编写的开源项目管理工具，它采用了一种被称之为 POM（Project Object Model）概念来管理项目，所有的项目配置信息都被定义在一个叫做pom.xml的文件中，通过该文件，Maven可以管理一个项目的整个生命周期，包括编译，构建，测试，发布，报告等。
1）下载Maven
http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi 官网下载
点击Download --我下载的是 Apache Maven 3.6.1版本的
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下载到本地目录，然后解压即可
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2）Maven基本配置
将maven目录下conf-->settings.xml文件拷贝到，C盘-->用户-->.m2文件夹下
settings里面就是配置maven工程的一些本地仓库地址（项目使用的某些jar下载并且安装到本机中），远程仓库（如果本机没有需要的jar，则从远程获取。）的配置等信息。
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3）maven在eclipse中的配置。首先打开eclipse开发工具，eclipse中的各种配置文件一般都是通过window窗口进行设置。打开导航工具栏上的window即可对工作空间进行设置。
如何在eclipse中配置maven项目
4）打开window之后，可以看到很多功能的设置，新建window窗口、配置显示信息、打开window其他功能设置等。这里我们对maven地址配置，选择最后一个preferences选项
如何在eclipse中配置maven项目
5）在打开的配置项页面中，可以输入maven关键字，快速定位到maven文件夹，在maven文件夹下找到User Settings，主要是配置用户设置。
如何在eclipse中配置maven项目
6）在查找用户配置user settings的时候，也可以通过依次展开文件夹的方式，直接点击选择maven文件夹，在maven文件夹下就可以看到用户设置选项。
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7）点击user settings在用户配置界面中，有两个设置框，一个是Global Settings（全局配置信息）和User Settings（只针对这个工作空间进行设置）。根据自己的实际情况设置相应的settings文件。
如何在eclipse中配置maven项目
maven的配置文件settings.xml存在于两个地方：
1.安装的地方：${M2_HOME}/conf/settings.xml
2.用户的目录：${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml
前者又被叫做全局配置，对操作系统的所有使用者生效；后者被称为用户配置，只对当前操作系统的使用者生效。如果两者都存在，它们的内容将被合并，并且用户范围的settings.xml会覆盖全局的settings.xml。
Maven安装后，用户目录下不会自动生成settings.xml，只有全局配置文件。如果需要创建用户范围的settings.xml，可以将安装路径下的settings复制到目录${user.home}/.m2/。Maven默认的settings.xml是一个包含了注释和例子的模板，可以快速的修改它来达到你的要求。
如下图eclipse中配置settings.xml的默认本地仓库路径已经自定义的本地仓库路径：settings.xml配置文件。
打开eclipse -> Window ->Preferences -> Maven,
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注明：
如果你选择全局配置文件，那么你就选择您maven下载放在哪个文件夹对应的settings.xml
如果你选择用户配置文件，那么你就选择您默认C盘/user/.m2文件夹下的settings.xml
全局配置一旦更改，所有的用户都会受到影响，而且如果maven进行升级，所有的配置都会被清除，所以要提前复制和备份${M2_HOME}/conf/settings.xml文件，一般情况下不推荐配置全局的settings.xml。
8）配置环境变量
配置maven环境：我的电脑->属性->高级系统设置->新建环境变量：MAVEN_HOME ， 变量值为刚解压的maven路径，我的是:E:\Maven\apache-maven-3.6.1-bin\apache-maven-3.6.1。再在Path变量中加上:%MAVEN_HOME%\bin;
注意:配置Maven时，环境变量里面一定要存在JAVA_HOME,即要配置好JDk的环境。
9）测试看看是否成功的配置环境
4.windows+r键输入cmd,打开dos命令，输入mvn -v 进行测试，如出现下图样，则配置成功。
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用编译器打开下载解压位置的settings.xml 这个文件
在文件中可以看到localRepository配置的就是本地仓库，本地仓库地址的目录最好是全英文格式，不要包含汉字空格等其他特殊字符。也可以修改仓库地址
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mirror表示的是访问镜像。如果本地仓库没有项目所需要的jar包，就会通过这里的mirror配置的url地址进行从远程仓库获取需要的jar，同事将这个jar添加到本地目录中，当再次使用的时候，就会直接从本地仓库中直接获取。
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修改后的settings.xml文件 复制到你的本地仓库url中
开启Maven的视图, 检查是否已经配置了镜像库
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下载基本的文件
在命令行中输入mvn help:system 看到如下说明完成：
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如果出现以上错误
问题解决
settings.xml配置详解
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->
<!--
| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
|
| 1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,
| and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
| -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
|
| 2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
| users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
| installation). It's normally provided in
| ${maven.conf}/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
| -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
|
| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
| getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
| values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
|
|-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<!-- 配制本地仓库 -->
作用：该值表示构建系统本地仓库的路径。
其默认值：~/.m2/repository。
<localRepository>E:\SSM\maven\LocalWarehouse\.m2\repository</localRepository>
<!-- localRepository
| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
|
| Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
-->
作用：表示maven是否需要和用户交互以获得输入。
如果maven需要和用户交互以获得输入，则设置成true，反之则应为false。默认为true。
<!-- interactiveMode
| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
| maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
| the parameter in question.
|
| Default: true
<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
-->
作用：表示maven是否需要在离线模式下运行。
如果构建系统需要在离线模式下运行，则为true，默认为false。
当由于网络设置原因或者安全因素，构建服务器不能连接远程仓库的时候，该配置就十分有用。
<!-- offline
| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
| This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
|
| Default: false
<offline>false</offline>
-->
作用：当插件的组织id（groupId）没有显式提供时，供搜寻插件组织Id（groupId）的列表。
该元素包含一个pluginGroup元素列表，每个子元素包含了一个组织Id（groupId）。
当我们使用某个插件，并且没有在命令行为其提供组织Id（groupId）的时候，Maven就会使用该列表。默认情况下该列表包含了org.apache.maven.plugins和org.codehaus.mojo。
<!-- pluginGroups
| This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
| when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
| "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
|-->
<pluginGroups>
<!-- pluginGroup
| Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
<!--plugin的组织Id（groupId） -->
<pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
-->
</pluginGroups>
<!-- proxies
| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
| Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
| specification in this list marked as active will be used.
|-->
<proxies>
<!-- proxy
| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
|
<proxy>
<id>optional</id>
<active>true</active>
<protocol>http</protocol>
<username>proxyuser</username>
<password>proxypass</password>
<host>proxy.host.net</host>
<port>80</port>
<nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
-->
</proxies>
作用：一般，仓库的下载和部署是在pom.xml文件中的repositories和distributionManagement元素中定义的。然而，一般类似用户名、密码（有些仓库访问是需要安全认证的）等信息不应该在pom.xml文件中配置，这些信息可以配置在settings.xml中。
<!-- servers
| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
| Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
|-->
<servers>
<!-- server
| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
| a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
|
| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
| used together.
|
<server>
<id>deploymentRepo</id>
<username>repouser</username>
<password>repopwd</password>
</server>
-->
<!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
<server>
<id>siteServer</id>
<privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
<passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
</server>
-->
</servers>
作用：为仓库列表配置的下载镜像列表。
<!-- mirrors
| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
|
| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
| However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
| it to several places.
|
| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
| repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
| server for that repository.
|-->
<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->
<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
<!-- profiles
| This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
| the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
| specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
|
| For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
| your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
| dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
|
| As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
| section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
| relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
| or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
| value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
| Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
|
| NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
| repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
| variables for plugins in the POM.
|
|-->
作用：根据环境参数来调整构建配置的列表。
settings.xml中的profile元素是pom.xml中profile元素的裁剪版本。
它包含了id、activation、repositories、pluginRepositories和 properties元素。这里的profile元素只包含这五个子元素是因为这里只关心构建系统这个整体（这正是settings.xml文件的角色定位），而非单独的项目对象模型设置。如果一个settings.xml中的profile被激活，它的值会覆盖任何其它定义在pom.xml中带有相同id的profile。
<profiles>
<!-- profile
| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
| mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
|
| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
|
| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.4</id>
<activation>
<jdk>1.4</jdk>
</activation>
作用：远程仓库列表，它是maven用来填充构建系统本地仓库所使用的一组远程仓库
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>jdk14</id>
<name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
<url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
</repository>
</repositories>
</profile>
-->
<!--
| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
| which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
| might hypothetically look like:
|
| ...
| <plugin>
| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
|
| <configuration>
| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
| </configuration>
| </plugin>
| ...
|
| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
| anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
|
<profile>
<id>env-dev</id>
Activation
作用：自动触发profile的条件逻辑。
如pom.xml中的profile一样，profile的作用在于它能够在某些特定的环境中自动使用某些特定的值；这些环境通过activation元素指定。
activation元素并不是激活profile的唯一方式。settings.xml文件中的activeProfile元素可以包含profile的id。profile也可以通过在命令行，使用-P标记和逗号分隔的列表来显式的激活（如，-P test）。
<activation>
<property>
<name>target-env</name>
<value>dev</value>
</property>
</activation>
<properties>作用：对应profile的扩展属性列表。
maven属性和ant中的属性一样，可以用来存放一些值。这些值可以在pom.xml中的任何地方使用标记${X}来使用，这里X是指属性的名称。属性有五种不同的形式，并且都能在settings.xml文件中访问
<!--
1. env.X: 在一个变量前加上"env."的前缀，会返回一个shell环境变量。例如,"env.PATH"指代了$path环境变量（在Windows上是%PATH%）。
2. project.x：指代了POM中对应的元素值。例如: <project><version>1.0</version></project>通过${project.version}获得version的值。
3. settings.x: 指代了settings.xml中对应元素的值。例如：<settings><offline>false</offline></settings>通过 ${settings.offline}获得offline的值。
4. Java System Properties: 所有可通过java.lang.System.getProperties()访问的属性都能在POM中使用该形式访问，例如 ${java.home}。
5. x: 在<properties/>元素中，或者外部文件中设置，以${someVar}的形式使用。
注：如果该profile被激活，则可以在pom.xml中使用${user.install}。
-->
<properties>
<tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
</properties>
</profile>
-->
</profiles>
作用：手动激活profiles的列表，按照profile被应用的顺序定义activeProfile。
该元素包含了一组activeProfile元素，每个activeProfile都含有一个profile id。任何在activeProfile中定义的profile id，不论环境设置如何，其对应的 profile都会被激活。如果没有匹配的profile，则什么都不会发生。
例如，env-test是一个activeProfile，则在pom.xml（或者profile.xml）中对应id的profile会被激活。如果运行过程中找不到这样一个profile，Maven则会像往常一样运行。
<!-- activeProfiles
| List of profiles that are active for all builds.
|
<activeProfiles>
<!-- 要激活的profile id -->
<activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
<activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles>
-->
</settings>
Servers
<!--配置服务端的一些设置。一些设置如安全证书不应该和pom.xml一起分发。这种类型的信息应该存在于构建服务器上的settings.xml文件中。 -->
<servers>
<!--服务器元素包含配置服务器时需要的信息 -->
<server>
<!--这是server的id（注意不是用户登陆的id），该id与distributionManagement中repository元素的id相匹配。 -->
<id>server001</id>
<!--鉴权用户名。鉴权用户名和鉴权密码表示服务器认证所需要的登录名和密码。 -->
<username>my_login</username>
<!--鉴权密码 。鉴权用户名和鉴权密码表示服务器认证所需要的登录名和密码。密码加密功能已被添加到2.1.0 +。详情请访问密码加密页面 -->
<password>my_password</password>
<!--鉴权时使用的私钥位置。和前两个元素类似，私钥位置和私钥密码指定了一个私钥的路径（默认是${user.home}/.ssh/id_dsa）以及如果需要的话，一个密语。将来passphrase和password元素可能会被提取到外部，但目前它们必须在settings.xml文件以纯文本的形式声明。 -->
<privateKey>${usr.home}/.ssh/id_dsa</privateKey>
<!--鉴权时使用的私钥密码。 -->
<passphrase>some_passphrase</passphrase>
<!--文件被创建时的权限。如果在部署的时候会创建一个仓库文件或者目录，这时候就可以使用权限（permission）。这两个元素合法的值是一个三位数字，其对应了unix文件系统的权限，如664，或者775。 -->
<filePermissions>664</filePermissions>
<!--目录被创建时的权限。 -->
<directoryPermissions>775</directoryPermissions>
</server>
Mirrors
添加国内镜像源
添加<mirrors>标签下<mirror>，添加国内镜像源，这样下载jar包速度很快。默认的中央仓库有时候甚至连接不通。一般使用阿里云镜像库即可。这里我就都加上了，Maven会默认从这几个开始下载，没有的话就会去中央仓库了。
<mirrors>
<!-- 给定仓库的下载镜像。 -->
<mirror>
<!-- 该镜像的唯一标识符。id用来区分不同的mirror元素。 -->
<id>planetmirror.com</id>
<!-- 镜像名称 -->
<name>PlanetMirror Australia</name>
<!-- 该镜像的URL。构建系统会优先考虑使用该URL，而非使用默认的服务器URL。 -->
<url>http://downloads.planetmirror.com/pub/maven2</url>
<!-- 被镜像的服务器的id。例如，如果我们要设置了一个Maven中央仓库（http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/）的镜像，就需要将该元素设置成central。这必须和中央仓库的id central完全一致。 -->
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
eg:
<!-- 阿里云仓库 -->
<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url>
</mirror>
<!-- 中央仓库1 -->
<mirror>
<id>repo1</id>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
</mirror>
<!-- 中央仓库2 -->
<mirror>
<id>repo2</id>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://repo2.maven.org/maven2/</url>
</mirror>
Proxies
作用：用来配置不同的代理。
<proxies>
<!--代理元素包含配置代理时需要的信息 -->
<proxy>
<!--代理的唯一定义符，用来区分不同的代理元素。 -->
<id>myproxy</id>
<!--该代理是否是激活的那个。true则激活代理。当我们声明了一组代理，而某个时候只需要激活一个代理的时候，该元素就可以派上用处。 -->
<active>true</active>
<!--代理的协议。 协议://主机名:端口，分隔成离散的元素以方便配置。 -->
<protocol>http</protocol>
<!--代理的主机名。协议://主机名:端口，分隔成离散的元素以方便配置。 -->
<host>proxy.somewhere.com</host>
<!--代理的端口。协议://主机名:端口，分隔成离散的元素以方便配置。 -->
<port>8080</port>
<!--代理的用户名，用户名和密码表示代理服务器认证的登录名和密码。 -->
<username>proxyuser</username>
<!--代理的密码，用户名和密码表示代理服务器认证的登录名和密码。 -->
<password>somepassword</password>
<!--不该被代理的主机名列表。该列表的分隔符由代理服务器指定；例子中使用了竖线分隔符，使用逗号分隔也很常见。 -->
<nonProxyHosts>*.google.com|ibiblio.org</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
</proxies>
Profiles
<profiles>
<profile>
<!-- profile的唯一标识 -->
<id>test</id>
<!-- 自动触发profile的条件逻辑 -->
<activation />
<!-- 扩展属性列表 -->
<properties />
<!-- 远程仓库列表 -->
<repositories />
<!-- 插件仓库列表 -->
<pluginRepositories />
</profile>
</profiles>
eg: 修改使得jdk默认值是1.8
<profile>
<id>JDK-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
Activation
<activation>
<!--profile默认是否激活的标识 -->
<activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
<!--当匹配的jdk被检测到，profile被激活。例如，1.4激活JDK1.4，1.4.0_2，而!1.4激活所有版本不是以1.4开头的JDK。 -->
<jdk>1.5</jdk>
<!--当匹配的操作系统属性被检测到，profile被激活。os元素可以定义一些操作系统相关的属性。 -->
<os>
<!--激活profile的操作系统的名字 -->
<name>Windows XP</name>
<!--激活profile的操作系统所属家族(如 'windows') -->
<family>Windows</family>
<!--激活profile的操作系统体系结构 -->
<arch>x86</arch>
<!--激活profile的操作系统版本 -->
<version>5.1.2600</version>
</os>
<!--如果Maven检测到某一个属性（其值可以在POM中通过${name}引用），其拥有对应的name = 值，Profile就会被激活。如果值字段是空的，那么存在属性名称字段就会激活profile，否则按区分大小写方式匹配属性值字段 -->
<property>
<!--激活profile的属性的名称 -->
<name>mavenVersion</name>
<!--激活profile的属性的值 -->
<value>2.0.3</value>
</property>
<!--提供一个文件名，通过检测该文件的存在或不存在来激活profile。missing检查文件是否存在，如果不存在则激活profile。另一方面，exists则会检查文件是否存在，如果存在则激活profile。 -->
<file>
<!--如果指定的文件存在，则激活profile。 -->
<exists>${basedir}/file2.properties</exists>
<!--如果指定的文件不存在，则激活profile。 -->
<missing>${basedir}/file1.properties</missing>
</file>
</activation>
注：在maven工程的pom.xml所在目录下执行mvn help:active-profiles命令可以查看中央仓储的profile是否在工程中生效
Repositories
<repositories>
<!--包含需要连接到远程仓库的信息 -->
<repository>
<!--远程仓库唯一标识 -->
<id>codehausSnapshots</id>
<!--远程仓库名称 -->
<name>Codehaus Snapshots</name>
<!--如何处理远程仓库里发布版本的下载 -->
<releases>
<!--true或者false表示该仓库是否为下载某种类型构件（发布版，快照版）开启。 -->
<enabled>false</enabled>
<!--该元素指定更新发生的频率。Maven会比较本地POM和远程POM的时间戳。这里的选项是：always（一直），daily（默认，每日），interval：X（这里X是以分钟为单位的时间间隔），或者never（从不）。 -->
<updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
<!--当Maven验证构件校验文件失败时该怎么做-ignore（忽略），fail（失败），或者warn（警告）。 -->
<checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
</releases>
<!--如何处理远程仓库里快照版本的下载。有了releases和snapshots这两组配置，POM就可以在每个单独的仓库中，为每种类型的构件采取不同的策略。例如，可能有人会决定只为开发目的开启对快照版本下载的支持。参见repositories/repository/releases元素 -->
<snapshots>
<enabled />
<updatePolicy />
<checksumPolicy />
</snapshots>
<!--远程仓库URL，按protocol://hostname/path形式 -->
<url>http://snapshots.maven.codehaus.org/maven2</url>
<!--用于定位和排序构件的仓库布局类型-可以是default（默认）或者legacy（遗留）。Maven 2为其仓库提供了一个默认的布局；然而，Maven 1.x有一种不同的布局。我们可以使用该元素指定布局是default（默认）还是legacy（遗留）。 -->
<layout>default</layout>
</repository>
</repositories>
pluginRepositories
作用：发现插件的远程仓库列表。
和repository类似，只是repository是管理jar包依赖的仓库，pluginRepositories则是管理插件的仓库。
maven插件是一种特殊类型的构件。由于这个原因，插件仓库独立于其它仓库。pluginRepositories元素的结构和repositories元素的结构类似。每个pluginRepository元素指定一个Maven可以用来寻找新插件的远程地址。
<pluginRepositories>
<!-- 包含需要连接到远程插件仓库的信息.参见profiles/profile/repositories/repository元素的说明 -->
<pluginRepository>
<releases>
<enabled />
<updatePolicy />
<checksumPolicy />
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled />
<updatePolicy />
<checksumPolicy />
</snapshots>
<id />
<name />
<url />
<layout />
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
最后修改完源码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->
<!--
| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
|
| 1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,
| and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
| -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
|
| 2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
| users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
| installation). It's normally provided in
| ${maven.conf}/settings.xml.
|
| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
| -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
|
| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
| getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
| values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
|
|-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<!-- 配制本地仓库 -->
<localRepository>E:\SSM\maven\LocalWarehouse\.m2\repository</localRepository>
<!-- localRepository
| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
|
| Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
-->
<!-- interactiveMode
| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
| maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
| the parameter in question.
|
| Default: true
<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
-->
<!-- offline
| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
| This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
|
| Default: false
<offline>false</offline>
-->
<offline>true</offline>
<!-- pluginGroups
| This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
| when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
| "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
|-->
<pluginGroups>
<!-- pluginGroup
| Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
<pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
-->
</pluginGroups>
<!-- proxies
| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
| Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
| specification in this list marked as active will be used.
|-->
<proxies>
<!-- proxy
| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
|
<proxy>
<id>optional</id>
<active>true</active>
<protocol>http</protocol>
<username>proxyuser</username>
<password>proxypass</password>
<host>proxy.host.net</host>
<port>80</port>
<nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
-->
</proxies>
<!-- servers
| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
| Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
|-->
<servers>
<!-- server
| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
| a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
|
| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
| used together.
|
<server>
<id>deploymentRepo</id>
<username>repouser</username>
<password>repopwd</password>
</server>
-->
<!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
<server>
<id>siteServer</id>
<privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
<passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
</server>
-->
</servers>
<!-- mirrors
| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
|
| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
| However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
| it to several places.
|
| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
| repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
| server for that repository.
|-->
<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->
<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
<!-- profiles
| This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
| the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
| specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
|
| For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
| your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
| dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
|
| As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
| section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
| relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
| or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
| value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
| Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
|
| NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
| repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
| variables for plugins in the POM.
|
|-->
<profiles>
<!-- profile
| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
| mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
|
| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
|
| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.4</id>
<activation>
<jdk>1.4</jdk>
</activation>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>jdk14</id>
<name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
<url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
</repository>
</repositories>
</profile>
-->
<profile>
<id>JDK-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
<!--
| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
| which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
| might hypothetically look like:
|
| ...
| <plugin>
| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
|
| <configuration>
| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
| </configuration>
| </plugin>
| ...
|
| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
| anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
|
<profile>
<id>env-dev</id>
<activation>
<property>
<name>target-env</name>
<value>dev</value>
</property>
</activation>
<properties>
<tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
</properties>
</profile>
-->
</profiles>
<!-- activeProfiles
| List of profiles that are active for all builds.
|
<activeProfiles>
<activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
<activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles>
-->
</settings>
修改增加本地仓库的url 和镜像的地址后 win+R cmd 运行mvn help:system
image.png
第二步：回到eclipse中点击window再点击preferences
image
环境就算搞定了。接下来要应用Maven来打包Project为大家服务的。
在cmd中的命令：
a. mvn eclipse:clean 清除Project中以前的编译的东西，重新再来
b. mvn eclipse:eclipse 开始编译Maven的Project
在Myeclipse中的操作：
a. 选中Maven Project 右击 在Run As中选择Maven clean
b. 在Myeclipse中，Project—Clean 开始编译
c. 选中Maven Project 右击 在Run As中选择Maven install
执行完这几步，如果没发生异常，会在project里生成一个target文件夹，这个文件夹里的东西，就是Maven打包发布的东西。
在Eclipse上安装maven
打开Eclipse点击window>prferences之后会弹出
image
image
点击确定之后会出现：
image
点击finish之后：
image
这个时候你就把maven装在你的Eclipse中了
接下来在eclipse中配置使用
1：此处修改为自己解压的Maven目录
2：勾选Override，修改为自己目录下的settings.xml目录
3：修改为自己的本地仓库地址，一般会自动识别。
4.设置eclipse的Maven插件引入依赖jar包后自动下载并关联相应的源码
其实 eclipse 的 Maven 插件就提供了这个功能，但是可能有许多开发人员没关注这个功能，所以这个分享给那些不太清楚这个功能的同学，配置很简单，只需要勾选windows-Preferences-Maven- Download Artifact Sources这个选项就可以了 。
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