With的用法小结

with结构做定语,修饰前面的名词(紧跟的/不紧跟的都可)

with结构修饰名词,with作后置定语，不紧跟前面名词的情况

1.The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegerarian ----- vegetables,fresh cheese,and meal cakes,with meat as a rarity. //with结构修饰diet

2.In addition to having more protein than wheat does,rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat,with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet. //with结构修饰rice

3.Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches,with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.

注意：with后面的格式一般以名词开头，后接介系词/形容词/分词(现在分词和过去分词)/不定式

with结构修饰名词,紧跟名词

1.The peaks of a mountain range,acting like rocks in a stream bed,produce ripples in the air flowing over them:the resulting flow pattern,with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air pattern that form them is moving rapidly,is known as "standing wave". //with结构修饰pattern

with做状语，表示原因、结果

1.With total sales of less than three hundred dollars and fewer new subscribers than last year,the New England Theatre Company is in danger of losing its building.

2.With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods where there is no hunting,the deer population is New Jersey,wildlife officials estimate,has grown to exceed 175,000.

with做伴随状语，表示伴随或者并列

1.With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasely common,many people are now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekend. //可以理解为原因状语或者伴随状语

表示使用的工具、手段 语法作用:修饰动词

1.Dolphins lack vocal cords,but they do create sounds,producing a complicated system of whistles,squeaks,moans,trills and clicks with sphincter muscles inside the blowhole. //with修饰produce

2.George Sand was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them with sympathy and respect in her novels. //修饰portray

With的独立主格结构

【with+名词(代词)+介词短语】

He sat there thinking,with his chin on his hand.

【with+名词(代词)+形容词】

He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.

【with+名词(代词)+副词】

With production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.

【with+名词(代词)+现在分词】

She stood there chatting with her friend,with her child playing beside her.

【with+名词(代词)+过去分词】

“I think we can leave with our heads held high”,Tom said.

【with+名词(代词)+不定式】

With 10minutes to go,you'd better hurry.

with在整个句子中的语法功能

【作状语】 with独立主格结构作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等

【作定语】 主要是后置定语修饰名词

The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.   

with作为介词，后面只能跟名词，不能跟句子，也就是说，不能有限定动词，所有的动词都是非限定形式(现在分词/过期分词)