Android wifi源码分析（一） Wifi启动流程

作者: 朋永 | 来源:发表于2017-09-16 15:26 被阅读352次

最近在解决wifi的一些问题，故研究下wifi源码。
该源码是基于Android4.3,其他版本略有改动，大致流程一样。
这篇主要说一下wifi的启动流程。

WifiManager

先从wifi的开启来看，WifiManager中提供了接口用来控制wifi开关，setWifiEnabled，参数true表示开启、false表示关闭。

public boolean setWifiEnabled(boolean enabled) {
    try {
        return mService.setWifiEnabled(enabled);
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
        return false;
    }
}

该方法调用到WifiService中的setWifiEnabled。

WifiService

public synchronized boolean setWifiEnabled(boolean enable) {
    enforceChangePermission();
    Slog.d(TAG, "setWifiEnabled: " + enable + " pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid()
                + ", uid=" + Binder.getCallingUid());
    if (DBG) {
        Slog.e(TAG, "Invoking mWifiStateMachine.setWifiEnabled\n");
    }

    /*
    * Caller might not have WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS,
    * only CHANGE_WIFI_STATE is enforced
    */

    long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
    try {
        if (! mSettingsStore.handleWifiToggled(enable)) {
            // Nothing to do if wifi cannot be toggled
            return true;
        }
    } finally {
        Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
    }

    mWifiController.sendMessage(CMD_WIFI_TOGGLED);
    return true;
}

enforceChangePermission 判断调用的进程是否有权限。想要开关wifi需要CHANGE_WIFI_STATE 权限。
handleWifiToggled 判断飞行模式、保存wifi 操作的状态。
向WifiController发送消息。CMD_WIFI_TOGGLED

WifiController

WifiController在WIfiService的构造函数中初始化、并开始运行。
WifiController继承了StateMachine，是一个状态机。其构造函数如下

WifiController(Context context, WifiService service, Looper looper) {
  super(TAG, looper);
//....
  addState(mDefaultState);
      addState(mApStaDisabledState, mDefaultState);
      addState(mStaEnabledState, mDefaultState);
          addState(mDeviceActiveState, mStaEnabledState);
          addState(mDeviceInactiveState, mStaEnabledState);
              addState(mScanOnlyLockHeldState, mDeviceInactiveState);
              addState(mFullLockHeldState, mDeviceInactiveState);
              addState(mFullHighPerfLockHeldState, mDeviceInactiveState);
              addState(mNoLockHeldState, mDeviceInactiveState);
      addState(mStaDisabledWithScanState, mDefaultState);
      addState(mApEnabledState, mDefaultState);
      addState(mEcmState, mDefaultState);
  if (mSettingsStore.isScanAlwaysAvailable()) {
      setInitialState(mApStaDisabledState);
  } else {
      setInitialState(mApStaDisabledState);
  }
}

上述函数中addState的格式，可以看出各状态之间的关系。
然后通过wifi是否可以一直扫描（isScanAlwaysAvailable）设置状态机初始状态。
ApStaDisabledState和StaDisabledWithScanState两种状态处理CMD_WIFI_TOGGLED消息时一样的。
看看ApStaDisabledState是如何处理的。

class ApStaDisabledState extends State {
    private int mDeferredEnableSerialNumber = 0;
    private boolean mHaveDeferredEnable = false;
    private long mDisabledTimestamp;

    @Override
    public void enter() {
        mWifiStateMachine.setSupplicantRunning(false);
        // Supplicant can't restart right away, so not the time we switched off
        mDisabledTimestamp = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
        mDeferredEnableSerialNumber++;
        mHaveDeferredEnable = false;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
        switch (msg.what) {
            case CMD_WIFI_TOGGLED:
            case CMD_AIRPLANE_TOGGLED:
                if (mSettingsStore.isWifiToggleEnabled()) {
                    if (doDeferEnable(msg)) {
                        if (mHaveDeferredEnable) {
                            //  have 2 toggles now, inc serial number an ignore both
                            mDeferredEnableSerialNumber++;
                        }
                        mHaveDeferredEnable = !mHaveDeferredEnable;
                        break;
                    }
                    if (mDeviceIdle == false) {
                        transitionTo(mDeviceActiveState);
                    } else {
                        checkLocksAndTransitionWhenDeviceIdle();
                    }
                }
                break;
            //。。。。。
        }
        return HANDLED;
    }

    private boolean doDeferEnable(Message msg) {
        long delaySoFar = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - mDisabledTimestamp;
        if (delaySoFar >= mReEnableDelayMillis) {
            return false;
        }

        log("WifiController msg " + msg + " deferred for " +
                (mReEnableDelayMillis - delaySoFar) + "ms");

        // need to defer this action.
        Message deferredMsg = obtainMessage(CMD_DEFERRED_TOGGLE);
        deferredMsg.obj = Message.obtain(msg);
        deferredMsg.arg1 = ++mDeferredEnableSerialNumber;
        sendMessageDelayed(deferredMsg, mReEnableDelayMillis - delaySoFar + DEFER_MARGIN_MS);
        return true;
    }
}

mSettingsStore.isWifiToggleEnabled()用来获取保存的wifi操作的状态，如果是开则继续。
wpa supplicant 关闭后不能立即启动，mReEnableDelayMillis为重新开启wifi的延时时间（从系统数据库获取，获取不到则默认值为500ms），这里deferEnable用来判断时间，延缓启动。
之后切换到DeviceActiveState。
DeviceActiveState为StaEnabledState的子状态，所以会先调用父状态的enter()函数，然后调用子状态的enter()函数。分别看一下两个enter函数。

1 WifiController --StaEnabledState

先看看StaEnabledState的enter()函数：

class StaEnabledState extends State {  
    @Override  
    public void enter() {  
        mWifiStateMachine.setSupplicantRunning(true);  
    }  
    ...  
    }  
}

mWifiStateMachine.setSupplicantRunning(true)，WifiStateMachine发送Message－－CMD_STAET_SUPPLICANT。

WIfiStateMachine

看看处理该消息

class InitialState extends State {
    @Override
    public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
        switch (message.what) {
            case CMD_START_SUPPLICANT:
                //加载Wifi驱动
                if (mWifiNative.loadDriver()) {
                    try {//加载固件
                        mNwService.wifiFirmwareReload(mInterfaceName, "STA");
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }

                    try {
                        // A runtime crash can leave the interface up and
                        // this affects connectivity when supplicant starts up.
                        // Ensure interface is down before a supplicant start.
                        mNwService.setInterfaceDown(mInterfaceName);
                        // Set privacy extensions
                        mNwService.setInterfaceIpv6PrivacyExtensions(mInterfaceName, true);

                       // IPv6 is enabled only as long as access point is connected since:
                       // - IPv6 addresses and routes stick around after disconnection
                       // - kernel is unaware when connected and fails to start IPv6 negotiation
                       // - kernel can start autoconfiguration when 802.1x is not complete
                        mNwService.disableIpv6(mInterfaceName);
                    } catch (RemoteException re) {
                        loge("Unable to change interface settings: " + re);
                    } catch (IllegalStateException ie) {
                        loge("Unable to change interface settings: " + ie);
                    }

                   /* Stop a running supplicant after a runtime restart
                    * Avoids issues with drivers that do not handle interface down
                    * on a running supplicant properly.
                    */
                    mWifiNative.killSupplicant(mP2pSupported);
                    //开启wpa_supplicant
                    if(mWifiNative.startSupplicant(mP2pSupported)) {
                        setWifiState(WIFI_STATE_ENABLING);
                        if (DBG) log("Supplicant start successful");
                        mWifiMonitor.startMonitoring();
                        transitionTo(mSupplicantStartingState);
                    } else {
                        loge("Failed to start supplicant!");
                    }
                } else {
                    loge("Failed to load driver");
                }
                break;
//.......
}

WifiNative.loadDriver()：加载Wifi驱动。
WifiNative.loadDriver()-->android_net_wifi_wifi.cpp(android_net_wifi_loadDriver)
->wifi.c(wifi_load_driver)。
mNwService.wifiFirmwareReload(mInterfaceName, "STA"); 加载固件
mWifiNative.startSupplicant(mP2pSupported) 先保证没有运行的wpa supplicant，然后开启wpa supplicant，其中参数mP2pSupported表示是否支持wifi 直连。
WifiNative.startSupplicant()-->android_net_wifi_wifi.cpp(android_net_wifi_startSupplicant)
->wifi.c(wifi_start_supplicant)。
setWifiState(WIFI_STATE_ENABLING) 发送广播（wifi状态改变，正在开启）。
mWifiMonitor.startMonitoring()
WifiMonitor创建一个线程MonitorThrad

connectToSupplicant最终调到wifi.c 中的wifi_connect_on_socket_path。在该函数中，将通过wpa_ctrl_open函数分别创建两个socket，一个是ctrl_conn, 用于向wpa_supplicant发送命令并接收response, 另一个是monitor_conn, 它一直阻塞等待从wpa_supplicant过来的event。连接成功后WifiMonitor会向WifiStateMachine发送一个代表socket通信建立成功的消息：SUP_CONNECTION_EVENT。
mWifiNative.waitForEvent－》wifi_wait_on_socket ，循环调用该函数，接收底层事件并分发处理。

WifiStateMachine切换到SupplicantStartingState状态。步骤5是在另一个线程中运行，并且是耗时操作，所以WifiStateMachine先切换到SupplicantStartingState状态，然后接收到SUP_CONNECTION_EVENT消息。

下面看看如何处理SUP_CONNECTION_EVENT消息。

class SupplicantStartingState extends State {
    @Override
    public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
        switch(message.what) {
            case WifiMonitor.SUP_CONNECTION_EVENT:
                if (DBG) log("Supplicant connection established");
                setWifiState(WIFI_STATE_ENABLED);
                mSupplicantRestartCount = 0;
                /* Reset the supplicant state to indicate the supplicant
                 * state is not known at this time */
                mSupplicantStateTracker.sendMessage(CMD_RESET_SUPPLICANT_STATE);
                /* Initialize data structures */
                mLastBssid = null;
                mLastNetworkId = WifiConfiguration.INVALID_NETWORK_ID;
                mLastSignalLevel = -1;

                mWifiInfo.setMacAddress(mWifiNative.getMacAddress());
                mWifiConfigStore.loadAndEnableAllNetworks();
                initializeWpsDetails();

                sendSupplicantConnectionChangedBroadcast(true);
                transitionTo(mDriverStartedState);
                break;
//......
}

setWifiState(WIFI_STATE_ENABLED)，发送WIFI_STATE_ENABLED的广播。
WifiConfigStore.loadAndEnableAllNetworks() 加载并enable所有保存在wpa_supplicant中的AP。这样会使这些保存的wifi实现自动重连。
切换到DriverStartedState状态。
DriverStartedState是SupplicantStartedState的子状态,所以先后运行SupplicantStartedState、DriverStartedState的enter方法。

class SupplicantStartedState extends State {
        @Override
        public void enter() {
            /* Wifi is available as long as we have a connection to supplicant */
            mNetworkInfo.setIsAvailable(true);

            int defaultInterval = mContext.getResources().getInteger(
                    R.integer.config_wifi_supplicant_scan_interval);
            mSupplicantScanIntervalMs = Settings.Global.getLong(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                    Settings.Global.WIFI_SUPPLICANT_SCAN_INTERVAL_MS,
                    defaultInterval);
            //设置扫描时间间隔。
            mWifiNative.setScanInterval((int)mSupplicantScanIntervalMs / 1000);
        }
//.....

frameworks/base/core/res/res/values/config.xml中可以修改config_wifi_supplicant_scan_interval 的值。
mNetworkInfo.setIsAvailable(true); 连接到wpa_supplicant，就可以使用wifi。
setScanInterval 设置wifi扫描间隔时间。

class DriverStartedState extends State {
        @Override
        public void enter() {
            mIsRunning = true;
            mInDelayedStop = false;
            mDelayedStopCounter++;
            updateBatteryWorkSource(null);
            /**
             * Enable bluetooth coexistence scan mode when bluetooth connection is active.
             * When this mode is on, some of the low-level scan parameters used by the
             * driver are changed to reduce interference with bluetooth
             */
            mWifiNative.setBluetoothCoexistenceScanMode(mBluetoothConnectionActive);
            /* set country code */
            setCountryCode();
            /* set frequency band of operation */
            setFrequencyBand();
            /* initialize network state */
            setNetworkDetailedState(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED);

            /* Remove any filtering on Multicast v6 at start */
            mWifiNative.stopFilteringMulticastV6Packets();

            /* Reset Multicast v4 filtering state */
            if (mFilteringMulticastV4Packets.get()) {
                mWifiNative.startFilteringMulticastV4Packets();
            } else {
                mWifiNative.stopFilteringMulticastV4Packets();
            }

            if (mOperationalMode != CONNECT_MODE) {
                mWifiNative.disconnect();
                transitionTo(mScanModeState);
            } else {
                /* Driver stop may have disabled networks, enable right after start */
                mWifiConfigStore.enableAllNetworks();
                mWifiNative.reconnect();
                // Status pulls in the current supplicant state and network connection state
                // events over the monitor connection. This helps framework sync up with
                // current supplicant state
                mWifiNative.status();
                transitionTo(mDisconnectedState);
            }

            // We may have missed screen update at boot
            if (mScreenBroadcastReceived.get() == false) {
                PowerManager powerManager = (PowerManager)mContext.getSystemService(
                        Context.POWER_SERVICE);
                handleScreenStateChanged(powerManager.isScreenOn());
            } else {
                // Set the right suspend mode settings
                mWifiNative.setSuspendOptimizations(mSuspendOptNeedsDisabled == 0
                        && mUserWantsSuspendOpt.get());
            }
            mWifiNative.setPowerSave(true);

            if (mP2pSupported) mWifiP2pChannel.sendMessage(WifiStateMachine.CMD_ENABLE_P2P);

            final Intent intent = new Intent(WifiManager.WIFI_SCAN_AVAILABLE);
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY_BEFORE_BOOT);
            intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_SCAN_AVAILABLE, WIFI_STATE_ENABLED);
            mContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
        }
//.....

setBluetoothCoexistenceScanMode 启用蓝牙连接时启用蓝牙共存扫描模式。当此模式打开时，驱动程序使用的一些低级扫描参数会被更改，以减少对蓝牙的干扰。
mOperationalMode 默认为CONNECT_MODE，enableAllNetworks 将保存的wifi置为可连接的，并进行重连。
mWifiNative.status() 将wpa_supplicant中状态进行同步。
切换到DisconnectedState状态。

2 WifiController --DeviceActiveState

/* Parent: StaEnabledState */  
class DeviceActiveState extends State {  
    @Override  
    public void enter() {  
        mWifiStateMachine.setOperationalMode(WifiStateMachine.CONNECT_MODE);  
        mWifiStateMachine.setDriverStart(true);  
        mWifiStateMachine.setHighPerfModeEnabled(false);
    }
    ...  
}

STA的3个操作状态：CONNECT_MODE，SCAN_ONLY_MODE，SCAN_ONLY_WIFI_OFF_MODE
*在CONNECT_MODE中，STA可以扫描并连接到接入点
*在SCAN_ONLY_MODE中，STA只能扫描接入点
*在SCAN_ONLY_WIFI_OFF_MODE中，STA只能扫描（wifi关闭状态下）
setOperationalMode 这里设置模式可扫描、可连接。

setDriverStart(true) 发送CMD_START_DRIVER 消息。该消息在DriverStartedState中处理。

case CMD_START_DRIVER:
    if (mInDelayedStop) {
        mInDelayedStop = false;
        mDelayedStopCounter++;
        mAlarmManager.cancel(mDriverStopIntent);
        if (DBG) log("Delayed stop ignored due to start");
        if (mOperationalMode == CONNECT_MODE) {
            mWifiConfigStore.enableAllNetworks();
        }
    }
    break;

如果正在延时关闭驱动，则取消关闭。并将保存的wifi都Enable。

setHighPerfModeEnabled暂时不清楚什么情况。

这就差不多整理完wifi启动的流程了。

有什么问题和意见，欢迎提问、交流。
欢迎大家关注、评论、点赞。
你们的支持是我坚持的动力。

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网友评论

simon_economic:请问，DriverStartedState enter()中的transitionTo() 是只有在处理了message之后才会跳转吗？
小小混世魔王:楼主我用了你的这个wifi扫描就是获取不到wifi的列表你提供的那个apk又可以扫描到
public void startScan(Context context) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
if (!isOPen(context)) {
openGPS(context);
}

}
mWifiManager.startScan();
//得到扫描结果
List<ScanResult> results = mWifiManager.getScanResults();
// 得到配置好的网络连接
mWifiConfiguration = mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks();
if (results == null) {
if (mWifiManager.getWifiState() == 3) {
Toast.makeText(context, "当前区域没有无线网络", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (mWifiManager.getWifiState() == 2) {
Toast.makeText(context, "wifi正在开启，请稍后扫描", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(context, "WiFi没有开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
} else {
mWifiList = new ArrayList();
for (ScanResult result : results) {
if (result.SSID == null || result.SSID.length() == 0
|| result.capabilities.contains("[IBSS]")) {
continue;
}
boolean found = false;
Log.i("MainActivity", "result= " + result.SSID + " capabilities= " + result.capabilities);
for (ScanResult item : mWifiList) {
Log.i("MainActivity", "item= " + item.SSID + " capabilities=" + item.capabilities);
if (item.SSID.equals(result.SSID) && item.capabilities.equals(result.capabilities)) {
Log.i("MainActivity", "found true");
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
mWifiList.add(result);
}
}
}
}
朋永:直接跳转。

Android wifi源码分析（一） Wifi启动流程

WifiManager

WifiService

WifiController

1 WifiController --StaEnabledState

WIfiStateMachine

2 WifiController --DeviceActiveState

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