一、陈述句的否定
陈述句的否定构成有两种：
01）谓语动词含有be动词或情态动词
直接在be动词或情态动词否定词not即构成否定句。
He is a teacher. He is not a teacher.
I can swim. I can not swim.
He will come to the party. He will not come to the party.
02）谓语动词是实义动词
这时陈述句的否定要借助动词do+not来构成，若主语是单数第三人称则用does+not+动词原形。
I like English. I do not like English.
He likes English. He does not like English.
03）否定的缩写
I am am not 没有缩写
We/You/They are are not aren't
She/He/It is is not isn't
I/He/She/It was was not wasn't
We/You/They were were not weren't
I/You/We/They do do not don't
He/She/It does does not dosen't
did did not didn't
I/You/We/They have have not haven't
He\She/It has has not hasn't
has has not hadn't
will will not won't
would would not wouldn't
shall shall not shan't
should should not shouldn't
can cannot can't
could could not couldn't
may may not 没有缩写
might might not mightn't
must must not mustn't
二、一般疑问句
一般疑问句的构成有两种：
01）谓语动词含有be动词或情态动词
这时要构成一般疑问句，只需将be动词或情态动词移到句首。
He is a teacher. Is he a teacher? Yes,he is. NO,he isn't.
He can swim. Can he swim? yes,he can.NO,He can't.
注意：一般疑问句的回答方式。肯定回答用yes，否定回答用no.
02）谓语动词是实义动词
这时要借助于助动词do或does，将do或does放在句首。
He likes English. Does he like English? yes,he does. No,he doesn‘t.
I like English. Do you like English? yes,I do. No,I don‘t.
三、特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是在上述一般疑问句的基础上变化而来的。句式：特殊疑问句+一般疑问句或作主语的疑问句+谓语部分。
01）不要接名词连用的疑问句
①对人提问：Who
He can sing in English. Who can sing in English?
I saw him at the party last night. Who did you see at the party last night？
②对事物或有关所做的事情提问：What
I like English. What do you like?
I am studying English grammar. What are you doing?
I am studying English grammar.What are you studying?
i'd like to go swimming tomorrow. What would you like to do tomorrow?
③对时间提问：when
I was born in 1980. When were you born?
④对地点提问：where
He lives in Beijing. Where does he live?
⑤对方式提问：how
He goes to school by bus. How does he go to school?
⑥对原因提问：why
I often study at the Iibrary because it's quiet. Why do you often study at the Iibrary?
02）要接名词连用的疑问句
①which
当说话者提供多种选择对象供对方选择时，用which提问，并且后面通常接名词连用，意思是“哪一个什么东西”。
A: Could you lend me your pen?
B: Sure.I have two pens. This pen has black ink. That pen has red ink.Which pen/Which one/Would do you want?
A: That red one. Thanks.
Which后面也可不接名词，用作代词。
②whose
a. Whose后面必须接名词连用，表示“谁的什么东西”。
b. This is his book.Whose book is this?
I borrowed Jack's car last night.Whose car did you borrow last night?
③how
1)how可以单独使用，此时how是对动作的方式进行提问。如对交通工具提问：
a. How do you go to work?
I drive./By car.
I take a taxi./By taxi.
I take a bus./By bus.
I take a subway./By subway.
I walk./On foot.
b. A:How did he break his leg?
B:He fell off the ladder.
2)how 还常与形容词或副词连用。
a. How old are you?
b. How tall is he?
c. How big is your new house?
d. How far is it from your home to school?
e. How well does he speak English？
f. How quickly can you get here?
3) 对动作发生的频率提问：
How often/how many times...?
a. I write to my parents once a month.
How often do you write to your parents?/How many times a month do you write to your parents?
b. I go shopping twice a week.
How often do you go shopping?/How many times a week do you go shopping?
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