腾讯云：Nginx+Tomcat+SSL证书搭建高性能负载均衡集

作者: 静美书斋 | 来源:发表于2017-11-15 13:05 被阅读107次

准备：

linux版本：CentOS7.4 64位

以下操作全部在root账号下进行

已经在腾讯云上进行备案的域名一枚，如何解析，请参看腾讯云 .cn域名解析配置讲解域名绑定泽0715 新浪博客

一、环境

jdk-1.8
nginx-1.12.1
tomcat-7.0.79

jdk与nginx版本

1、防火墙开通80和443端口，参看CentOS7.x之防火墙

2、腾讯云安全组开放80和443端口

腾讯云服务器安全组开放80个443端口

二、JDK1.8安装

参见腾讯云服务器：CentOS安装MySQL、JDK、Tomcat及web项目发布外网实战中jdk安装部分

三、Tomcat安装

#如果没有此目录，则创建
cd /usr/local/tomcat
#下载tomcat-7.0.79
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.79/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz
#解压并重命名分别为tomcat-7.0.79_01、tomcat-7.0.79_02（server.conf中的端口下文有详细配置）
tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz

四、Web项目

1、tomcat-7.0.79_01中的WebProject项目index.jsp内容

WebProject01中的jsp内容

tomcat-7.0.79_01中的server.conf配置如下

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->


    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" URIEncoding="UTF-8"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the BIO implementation that requires the JSSE
         style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the
         OpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native
         documentation -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <!--
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
      -->

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
      <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat7/tomcat-7.0.79_01/webapps/WebProject" reloadable="true" crossContext="true" />
        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

2、tomcat-7.0.79_02中的WebProject项目index.jsp内容

WebProject02中的jsp内容

tomcat-7.0.79_02中的server.conf中的配置如下

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->


    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" URIEncoding="UTF-8"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8444" />
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the BIO implementation that requires the JSSE
         style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the
         OpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native
         documentation -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8444" />


    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <!--
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
      -->

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
      <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat7/tomcat-7.0.79_02/webapps/WebProject" reloadable="true" crossContext="true" />
        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

3、server.conf配置不同之处有四

#1_01
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

#1_02
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

#2_01
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" URIEncoding="UTF-8"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />

#2_02
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" URIEncoding="UTF-8"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8444" />


#3_01
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
#3_02
<Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8444" />

#4_01
<Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
      <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat7/tomcat-7.0.79_01/webapps/WebProject" reloadable="true" crossContext="true" />

#4_02
<Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
      <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat7/tomcat-7.0.79_02/webapps/WebProject" reloadable="true" crossContext="true" />

说明：

将WebProject项目在Eclipse或者MyEclipse中打成war包上传至tomcat启动目录中，tomcat启动一次后，会自动解压war包，将tomcat关闭后，即可删除war包

将两个tomcat分别启动

五、Nginx安装

1、下载、解压

cd /usr/local/src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz   #稳定版
tar nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.12.1

2、安装准备

yum install gcc gcc-c++ -y  #安装gcc和c++包
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel

SSL功能需要openssl库，官网地址
gzip模块需要zlib库，官网地址
rewrite模块需要pcre库（实际nginx中也可以使用return进行301跳转）官网地址

3、安装Nginx

 cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.1
 #安装到指定目录
 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
 #编译
 make && make install

--prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ #nginx安装的根目录
--with-http_stub_status_module #监控nginx运行状态
--with-http_ssl_module #添加ssl模块

有关nginx参数详解，请参考nginx安装及编译参数详解

4、 nginx.conf参数配置（图文）

nginx.conf配置参数_01

nginx.conf配置参数_02

xxx.cn全部以你申请的域名替换

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    
    upstream tomcat7_cluster{
        server localhost:8080 weight=5;
        server localhost:8081 weight=5;
    }
    server {
        listen      80;
        server_name www.xxx.cn;

        access_log logs/jmszwzr.access.log main;
        error_log logs/jmszwzr.error.log;
        
    #rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;
    #弃用rewrite，使用return效率更高
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://tomcat7_cluster;
        }
    }

    # HTTPS server
    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        #server_name  www.xxx.cn;
        server_name  localhost;
        
        #ssl on;    
        access_log logs/ssl.access.log main;
        error_log logs/ssl.error.log;
    
        #为虚拟主机指定pem格式的证书文件
        ssl_certificate      1_www.xxx.cn_bundle.crt;
        #为虚拟主机指定私钥文件
        ssl_certificate_key  2_www.xxx.cn.key;

        #ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        #客户端能够重复使用存储在缓存中的会话参数时间
        ssl_session_timeout  10m;

        #指定使用的ssl协议
        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        #指定许可的密码描述
        ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;
        #SSLv3和TLSv1协议的服务器密码需求优先级高于客户端密码
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

         location / {
            proxy_pass http://tomcat7_cluster;
        }
    }
}

配置好nginx.conf文件之后，可以进行验证配置是否正确

配置nginx.conf是否正确

#在nginx根目录下
./sbin/nginx    #启动nginx
./sbin/nginx -s reload  #软重启

六、浏览器访问

访问两个项目的几率可在nginx中配置

第一次访问

第二次访问

结尾：以上只是简单的将nginx作为反向代理服务器，配以https加密访问，实际情况中，还有很多需要添加的模块和优化的地方。如tomcat集群下的session共享、nginx优化等问题。

小白初入，如有错误，欢迎各位简友指正，在此感谢！

腾讯云：Nginx+Tomcat+SSL证书搭建高性能负载均衡集

一、环境

1、防火墙开通80和443端口，参看CentOS7.x之防火墙

2、腾讯云安全组开放80和443端口

二、JDK1.8安装

三、Tomcat安装

四、Web项目

1、tomcat-7.0.79_01中的WebProject项目index.jsp内容

2、tomcat-7.0.79_02中的WebProject项目index.jsp内容

3、server.conf配置不同之处有四

五、Nginx安装

1、下载、解压

2、安装准备

3、安装Nginx

4、 nginx.conf参数配置（图文）

六、浏览器访问

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