Android Adapter:ArrayAdapter篇

作者: 牙锅子 | 来源:发表于2016-10-23 20:28 被阅读3559次

    版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,未经博主允许不得转载。
    微博:厉圣杰
    源码:AndroidDemo/Notification
    文中如有纰漏,欢迎大家留言指出。

    这是Android Adapter系列文章的第一篇,该系列主要会讲到如下几种Adapter。
    ![屏幕快照 2016-09-10 上午11.23.28](http://odsdowehg.bkt.clouddn.com/屏幕快照 2016-09-10 上午11.23.28.png)

    ArrayAdapter是BaseAdapter的一个具体实现,可直接使用泛型进行构造,能像List一样直接对Adapter进行增删操作。

    ArrayAdapter的构造函数

    ArrayAdapter共有6个构造函数,前5种都是调用最后一个构造函数:

    public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource)
    
    public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource,
                @IdRes int textViewResourceId)
                
    public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource, @NonNull T[] objects)
    
    public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource,
                @IdRes int textViewResourceId, @NonNull T[] objects)
                
    public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource,
                @NonNull List<T> objects)
                
    public ArrayAdapter(@NonNull Context context, @LayoutRes int resource,
                @IdRes int textViewResourceId, @NonNull List<T> objects)
    

    ArrayAdapter特性

    默认情况下,ArrayAdapter期望布局文件里只有一个TextView,连Layout都不能包含(构造方法1、3、5)。如果你想使用复杂的布局,则你必须向构造函数传递一个field id,即布局中对应TextView的id。如果想实现更复杂的布局,那么你就得重写BaseAdapter的getView(int, View, ViewGroup)方法返回你需要的View。这就是实现泛型操作带有List功能的Adapter了。

    ArrayAdapter会调用List中对象的toString()方法,所以可以通过重写Object的toString()方法来控制TextView的显示。

    其实,以上特性查看ArrayAdapter的源码就可以看出来了。ArrayAdapter的getView(int, View, ViewGroup)方法最终调用了createViewFromResource(inflater, position, convertView, parent, resource)方法,源码如下:

    private @NonNull View createViewFromResource(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent, int resource) {
       final View view;
       final TextView text;
    
       if (convertView == null) {
           view = inflater.inflate(resource, parent, false);
       } else {
           view = convertView;
       }
    
       try {
           //mFieldId即为构造函数中的textViewResourceId
           if (mFieldId == 0) {
               //  If no custom field is assigned, assume the whole resource is a TextView
               text = (TextView) view;
           } else {
               //  Otherwise, find the TextView field within the layout
               text = (TextView) view.findViewById(mFieldId);
    
               if (text == null) {
                   throw new RuntimeException("Failed to find view with ID "
                           + mContext.getResources().getResourceName(mFieldId)
                           + " in item layout");
               }
           }
       } catch (ClassCastException e) {
           Log.e("ArrayAdapter", "You must supply a resource ID for a TextView");
           throw new IllegalStateException(
                   "ArrayAdapter requires the resource ID to be a TextView", e);
       }
    
       final T item = getItem(position);
       if (item instanceof CharSequence) {
           text.setText((CharSequence) item);
       } else {
           //如果想控制ArrayAdapter显示,复写toString()即可
           text.setText(item.toString());
       }
    
       return view;
    }
    

    ArrayAdapter的List特性

    ArrayAdapter中的数组操作方法可以总结如下,其都是通过对构造函数或者后期添加的List数据进行增删操作来实现的,具体可以参看源码。

    //添加一个对象到ArrayAdapter
    void add(T object);
    
    //将数组全部添加到ArrayAdapter
    void addAll(@NonNull Collection<? extends T> collection);
    
    //将数组全部添加到ArrayAdapter
    void addAll(T ... items);
    
    //插入新条目到指定位置
    void insert(@Nullable T object, int index);
    
    //清除所有元素
    void clear();
    
    //移出一条从数组,这里并没有指定位置
    void remove(T object);
    
    //控制当执行add(T), insert(T, int), remove(T), clear()等的操作时,是否自动执行`notifyDataSetChanged()`自动刷新UI。当其为false时,需要手动调用`notifyDataSetChanged()`方法
    void setNotifyOnChange(boolean notifyOnChange);
    
    //对ArrayAdapter显示的数据进行排序
    void sort(Comparator<? super T> comparator);
    

    Demo时间

    ArrayAdapter的实现原理讲的差不多了,那么接下来就是demo时间了。

    ArrayAdapter的最简单使用

    ArrayAdapter的最简单使用应该就属构造函数1、3、5,一赤裸裸的Textview布局,一数组足矣。
    代码真心简单的不要不要的,如果想尝试自定义简单ArrayAdapter的布局可以参考custom_simplest_list_item.xml

    SimplestArrayAdapterActivity.java:

    public class SimplestArrayAdapterActivity extends Activity {
    
        private ListView mLv;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_simplest_array_adapter);
    
            mLv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
            mLv.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, Util.generateString(10)));
            //此处为自定义的simple_list_item
            //mLv.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.custom_simplest_list_item, Util.generateString(10)));
        }
    }
    

    activity_simplest_array_adapter.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".SimplestArrayAdapterActivity">
    
        <ListView
            android:id="@+id/lv"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"></ListView>
    
    </LinearLayout>
    

    custom_simplest_list_item.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
    
    </TextView>
    

    ArrayAdapter的进阶使用

    ArrayAdapter的进阶使用其实不比上面的demo难多少,只是这里调用的构造函数2、4、6中的一种,只需要自定义一个包含TextView的布局,将布局id和TextView的id传递给ArrayAdapter即可。

    //替换此处
    mLv.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,R.layout.custom_list_item,R.id.tv_i_am_textview, Util.generateString(10)));
    

    custom_list_item.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        tools:context="com.littlejie.adapter.MiddleArrayAdapterActivity">
    
        <ImageView
            android:layout_width="30dp"
            android:layout_height="30dp"
            android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher" />
    
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_i_am_textview"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="30dp"
            android:gravity="center" />
    </LinearLayout>
    

    运行结果如下:
    ![屏幕快照 2016-09-11 上午9.02.11](http://odsdowehg.bkt.clouddn.com/屏幕快照 2016-09-11 上午9.02.11.png)

    ArrayAdapter的超阶使用

    ArrayAdapter实现复杂布局其实也很简单,只需要重写getView(int, View, ViewGroup)方法即可,其余和前两个例子没啥区别。getView(int, View, ViewGroup)后面讲BaseAdapter的时候会详细讲。

    HardestArrayAdapterActivity.java:

    public class HardestArrayAdapterActivity extends Activity {
    
        private ListView mLv;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_hardest_array_adapter);
    
            mLv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
            mLv.setAdapter(new MyArrayAdapter(this, generateData(10)));
        }
    
        private List<Student> generateData(int num) {
            List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
                Student student = new Student();
                student.setName("学生 " + i);
                student.setGender(i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女");
                student.setScore(String.valueOf(100 - i));
                students.add(student);
            }
            return students;
        }
    
        /**
         * 自定义ArrayAdapter,重写getView(int, View, ViewGroup)方法
         */
        private class MyArrayAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Student> {
    
            private List<Student> mStudents;
    
            public MyArrayAdapter(Context context, List<Student> objects) {
                super(context, 0, objects);
                mStudents = objects;
            }
    
            @Override
            public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
                convertView = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(R.layout.custom_hardest_list_item, null);
                TextView tvName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
                TextView tvGender = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_gender);
                TextView tvScore = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_score);
    
                Student student = mStudents.get(position);
                tvName.setText("姓名:" + student.getName());
                tvGender.setText("性别:" + student.getGender());
                tvScore.setText("成绩:" + student.getScore());
                return convertView;
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 定义学生对象,存放姓名、性别、成绩
         */
        private class Student {
            private String name;
            private String gender;
            private String score;
    
            public String getName() {
                return name;
            }
    
            public void setName(String name) {
                this.name = name;
            }
    
            public String getGender() {
                return gender;
            }
    
            public void setGender(String gender) {
                this.gender = gender;
            }
    
            public String getScore() {
                return score;
            }
    
            public void setScore(String score) {
                this.score = score;
            }
    
            @Override
            public String toString() {
                return "姓名:" + name + "\n性别:" + gender + "\n成绩:" + score;
            }
        }
    }
    

    custom_hardest_list_item.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">
    
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_name"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_gender"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_score"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>
    

    代码运行结果如下:
    ![屏幕快照 2016-09-11 上午9.20.24](http://odsdowehg.bkt.clouddn.com/屏幕快照 2016-09-11 上午9.20.24.png)

    其实这个demo也可以用最简单的方式来实现,那就是重写Student类的toString()方法。

    public String toString() {
        return "姓名:" + name + "\n性别:" + gender + "\n成绩:" + score;
    }
    

    ArrayAdapter的List操作

    话不多说,直接上代码。

    ListActionActivity.java:

    public class ListActionActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {
    
        private Button mBtnAdd, mBtnAddAll;
        private Button mBtnInsert, mBtnClear;
        private Button mBtnRemove, mBtnSort;
        private Button mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeOpen, mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeClose;
        private ListView mLv;
        private ArrayAdapter<String> mAdapter;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_list_action);
    
            mBtnAdd = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_add);
            mBtnAddAll = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_addAll);
            mBtnInsert = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_insert);
            mBtnClear = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_clear);
            mBtnRemove = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_remove);
            mBtnSort = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_sort);
            mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeOpen = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_setNotifyOnChangeOpen);
            mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeClose = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_setNotifyOnChangeClose);
    
            mLv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
            mAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, Util.generateString(10));
            mLv.setAdapter(mAdapter);
    
            mBtnAdd.setOnClickListener(this);
            mBtnAddAll.setOnClickListener(this);
            mBtnInsert.setOnClickListener(this);
            mBtnClear.setOnClickListener(this);
            mBtnRemove.setOnClickListener(this);
            mBtnSort.setOnClickListener(this);
            mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeOpen.setOnClickListener(this);
            mBtnSetNotifyOnChangeClose.setOnClickListener(this);
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()) {
                case R.id.btn_add:
                    add();
                    break;
                case R.id.btn_addAll:
                    addAll();
                    break;
                case R.id.btn_insert:
                    insert();
                    break;
                case R.id.btn_clear:
                    clear();
                    break;
                case R.id.btn_remove:
                    remove();
                    break;
                case R.id.btn_sort:
                    sort();
                    break;
                case R.id.btn_setNotifyOnChangeOpen:
                    setNotifyOnChangeOpen();
                    break;
                case R.id.btn_setNotifyOnChangeClose:
                    setNotifyOnCHangeClose();
                    break;
            }
        }
    
        private void add() {
            String add = "我是通过add()添加进来的";
            mAdapter.add(add);
        }
    
        private void addAll() {
            List<String> addAll = new ArrayList<>();
            addAll.add("addAll-item1");
            addAll.add("addAll-item2");
            mAdapter.addAll(addAll);
        }
    
        private void insert() {
            String insert = "insert到第二个位置";
            mAdapter.insert(insert, 1);
        }
    
        private void clear() {
            mAdapter.clear();
        }
    
        private void remove() {
            mAdapter.remove("item 1");
        }
    
        private void sort() {
        }
    
        private void setNotifyOnChangeOpen() {
            mAdapter.setNotifyOnChange(true);
        }
    
        private void setNotifyOnCHangeClose() {
            mAdapter.setNotifyOnChange(false);
        }
    }
    

    activity_action_list.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        tools:context=".MiddleArrayAdapterActivity">
    
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal">
    
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/btn_add"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:text="add" />
    
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/btn_addAll"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:text="addAll" />
        </LinearLayout>
    
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal">
    
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/btn_insert"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:text="insert" />
    
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/btn_clear"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:text="clear" />
        </LinearLayout>
    
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal">
    
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/btn_remove"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:text="remove" />
    
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/btn_sort"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:text="sort" />
        </LinearLayout>
    
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal">
    
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/btn_setNotifyOnChangeOpen"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:text="setNotifyOnChangeOpen" />
    
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/btn_setNotifyOnChangeClose"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:text="setNotifyOnChangeClose" />
        </LinearLayout>
    
        <ListView
            android:id="@+id/lv"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"></ListView>
    
    </LinearLayout>
    

    好了,ArrayAdapter的用法应该都讲完了。找个时间把Demo的代码放到git上去本系列文章会持续更新,欢迎关注

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