Looper
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
Looper中创建了一个ThreadLocal<T> T为Looper的变量
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
在prepare方法中，调用了sThreadLocal.set()和sThreadLocal.get()两个方法，会在下面展开
其中new Looper(quitAllowed)是调用了构造函数
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
很显然，在任意线程调用，创建的Looper就会持有该线程的引用。
同时我们看到，还有另一个方法能创建调用了prepare
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
}
在这个方法中，先是通过prepare方法，调用sMainLooper的sThreadLocal.set()方法。
- 接着通过下面这个
myLooper()方法获取，这时候这个threadLocal又出现了，我们再次放一放。
/**
* Return the Looper object associated with the current thread. Returns
* null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper.
*/
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}
看到这儿可能会有疑问，注释中说的是返回与当前线程有关联的Looper，并不是返回主线程的Looper，那为何prepareMainLooper方法是直接调用这个方法呢？
我们回到prepareMainLooper()方法，它的注释是这样说的
/**
* Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an
* application's main looper. The main looper for your application
* is created by the Android environment, so you should never need
* to call this function yourself. See also: {@link #prepare()}
*/
也就是说，这个方法只会在应用创建时被程序自己调用，不应该被我们调用，这也确保了当前是处在主线程中。
public static Looper getMainLooper() {
synchronized (Looper.class) {
return sMainLooper;
}
}
这个静态方法，方便了我们在程序中，可以快速的拿到主线程Looper。
ThreadLocal
说到现在，我们已经把Looper中和ThreadLocal相关的部分都讲完了，接下来，就直接跳转到ThreadLocal类中，看看set和get分别是什么。
set
/**
* Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
* to the specified value. Most subclasses will have no need to
* override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
* method to set the values of thread-locals.
*
* @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
* this thread-local.
*/
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
get
/**
* Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
* thread-local variable. If the variable has no value for the
* current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
* by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
*
* @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
*/
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}
前两行代码都是相同的，获取当前线程的ThreadLocalMap变量。
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
查看Thread代码，发现这个threadLocals是ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap类型的变量。
ThreadLocalMap是定义在ThreadLocal中的内部类
/**
* Create the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
* InheritableThreadLocal.
*
* @param t the current thread
* @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the map
*/
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}
//构造函数
/**
* Construct a new map initially containing (firstKey, firstValue).
* ThreadLocalMaps are constructed lazily, so we only create
* one when we have at least one entry to put in it.
*/
ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal<?> firstKey, Object firstValue) {
table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY];
int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);
size = 1;
setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
createMap中调用了构造函数，参数为this和firstValue
我们发现，对于Looper来说，第一个参数实际上是ThreadLocal<Looper>，而第二个参数是这个范型对应的具体对象。
每个线程都有ThreadLocalMap对象，其中的对应一个hash表Entry[]，存储了不同范型对象的键值对。
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原理总结
线程共享变量缓存如下：
Thread.ThreadLocalMap<ThreadLocal, Object>;
-
Thread: 当前线程，可以通过
Thread.currentThread()获取。 -
ThreadLocal：我们的static ThreadLocal变量。
-
Object: 当前线程共享变量。
我们调用ThreadLocal.get方法时，实际上是从当前线程中获取ThreadLocalMap<ThreadLocal, Object>，然后根据当前ThreadLocal获取当前线程共享变量Object。
ThreadLocal.set，ThreadLocal.remove实际上是同样的道理。
这种存储结构的好处：
-
线程死去的时候，线程共享变量
ThreadLocalMap则销毁。 -
ThreadLocalMap<ThreadLocal,Object>键值对数量为ThreadLocal的数量，一般来说ThreadLocal数量很少，相比在ThreadLocal中用Map<Thread, Object>键值对存储线程共享变量（Thread数量一般来说比ThreadLocal数量多），性能提高很多。
内存泄漏问题
其中Entry类的定义如下
/**
* The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
* its main ref field as the key (which is always a
* ThreadLocal object). Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
* == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
* entry can be expunged from table. Such entries are referred to
* as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
*/
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
/** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
Object value;
Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
super(k);
value = v;
}
}
ThreadLocalMap<ThreadLocal, Object>弱引用问题：
当线程没有结束，但是ThreadLocal已经被回收，则可能导致线程中存ThreadLocalMap<null, Object>的键值对，造成内存泄露。
（ThreadLocal被回收，ThreadLocal关联的线程共享变量还存在）。
虽然ThreadLocal的get，set方法可以清除ThreadLocalMap中key为null的value，但是get，set方法在内存泄露后并不会必然调用，所以为了防止此类情况的出现，我们有两种手段。
1、使用完线程共享变量后，显式调用ThreadLocalMap.remove方法清除线程共享变量；
2、JDK建议ThreadLocal定义为private static，这样ThreadLocal的弱引用问题则不存在了。
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