OpenCV官方文档

FLANN邻近搜索

FLANN库全称是Fast Library for Approximate Nearest Neighbors，它是目前最完整的（近似）最近邻开源库。不但实现了一系列查找算法，还包含了一种自动选取最快算法的机制。
使用flann的搜索，整体来说分为两步，一是建立索引，二是搜索。
FLANN相关文章

单应性变换(Homography)

一个平面到另一个平面的映射关系。
两张图分别有四个相对位置相同的点，Homography就是一个变换（3*3矩阵），将一张图中的点映射到另一张图中对应的点。

homography

RANSAC

算法详解wiki
基础概念博文
相关博文
随机一致性采样RANSAC是一种鲁棒的模型拟合算法，能够从有外点的数据中拟合准确的模型。

MIN_MATCH_COUNT = 10
img1 = cv2.imread('train.jpg', 0)  # queryImage
img2 = cv2.imread('test.jpg', 0)  # trainImage
# Initiate SIFT detector
sift = cv2.xfeatures2d.SIFT_create()
# find the keypoints and descriptors with SIFT
kp1, des1 = sift.detectAndCompute(img1, None)
kp2, des2 = sift.detectAndCompute(img2, None)
# kdtree建立索引方式的常量参数
FLANN_INDEX_KDTREE = 0
index_params = dict(algorithm=FLANN_INDEX_KDTREE, trees=5)
# checks指定索引树要被遍历的次数
search_params = dict(checks=50)
flann = cv2.FlannBasedMatcher(index_params, search_params)
matches = flann.knnMatch(des1, des2, k=2)
# store all the good matches as per Lowe's ratio test.
good = []
for m, n in matches:
    if m.distance < 0.7 * n.distance:
        good.append(m)
if len(good) > MIN_MATCH_COUNT:
    src_pts = np.float32([kp1[m.queryIdx].pt for m in good]).reshape(-1, 1, 2)
    dst_pts = np.float32([kp2[m.trainIdx].pt for m in good]).reshape(-1, 1, 2)
    M, mask = cv2.findHomography(src_pts, dst_pts, cv2.RANSAC, 5.0)
    matchesMask = mask.ravel().tolist()
    h, w = img1.shape
    pts = np.float32([[0, 0], [0, h - 1], [w - 1, h - 1], [w - 1, 0]]).reshape(-1, 1, 2)
    dst = cv2.perspectiveTransform(pts, M)
    img2 = cv2.polylines(img2, [np.int32(dst)], True, 255, 3, cv2.LINE_AA)
else:
    print("Not enough matches are found - %d/%d" % (len(good), MIN_MATCH_COUNT))
    matchesMask = None
draw_params = dict(matchColor=(0, 255, 0),  # draw matches in green color
                   singlePointColor=None,
                   matchesMask=matchesMask,  # draw only inliers
                   flags=2)
img3 = cv2.drawMatches(img1, kp1, img2, kp2, good, None, **draw_params)
plt.imshow(img3, 'gray'), plt.show()

效果图

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