我们都知道快餐的热量高，吃了容易长胖，但是很多人就是喜欢吃。科学研究表明，设计良好的菜单能影响食客的选择，让他们少买高热量的、多买低热量的食物。
Trick fast-food customers into choosing healthier options
by Gabriella Swerling
It is best known for its meal deals, calorie-laden fast foods and for being a guilty pleasure. Yet McDonald's – home of the Big Mac, Happy Meal, and McNuggets – has discovered how to "trick" customers into choosing healthier meal options.
meal deal 套餐
calorie /ˈkæl(ə)ri/ n. 卡路里
laden /ˈleɪd(ə)n/ adj. 装满…的
guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. 内疚的、有负罪感的
yet /jet/ adv. 然而
trick /trɪk/ v. 欺骗、哄骗
The revelation came about when the fast-food chain changed the position of items on the menu. It found that customers using touch-screen order kiosks were persuaded to choose less sugary options when researchers changed the order of the list of soft drinks.
revelation /ˌrevəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 披露、揭示
come about 发生
chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 连锁企业
touch screen 触摸屏
kiosk /ˈkiːɒsk/ n. 电话亭（order kiosk指自助点餐用的立式多媒体机器）
sugary /ˈʃʊɡ(ə)ri/ adj. 含糖的（由sugar加后缀-y变成形容词）
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者（由research加上表示人的后缀-er）
order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ n. 顺序
soft drink 软饮料（指不含酒精的饮料）
The icon for Coke Zero, which contains no sugar, was moved to the first spot on the top left of the touch screens in 622 stores for 12 weeks in 2016. Meanwhile, Coca-Cola – which contains 140 calories per can – was relocated down the list to the lowest location on the screens.
icon /ˈaɪkɒn/ n. （电脑、手机等）图标
spot /spɒt/ n. 地点、位置
meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv. 与此同时
can /kæn/ n. 金属罐、易拉罐
relocate /ˌriːləʊˈkeɪt/ v. 搬迁、移动位置
Researchers from universities in Manchester and the University of Warwick found that sales of Coke Zero increased and sales of Coca-Cola decreased – both by more than 300 per store. Sales of Coca-Cola fell by 345 per store (7%) on average in the 12 weeks after the change, while sales of Coke Zero increased by 317 (30%).
sales /seɪlz/ n. 销售量
increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v. 增加
decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ v. 减少
Customers expecting Coca-Cola to be in a certain place were prompted to consider the sugar-free alternative when the two were swapped. The authors believe that, by disrupting the expectation of the consumers, they were given a chance to reconsider "their otherwise habitual menu choice".
prompt /prɒmpt/ v. 提示
-free 后缀，意思是“不含…的”
alternative /ɒlˈtɜːnətɪv/ n. 替代品、另一种选择
swap /swɒp/ v. 换、交换
disrupt /dɪsˈrʌpt/ v. 使中断
expectation /ˌekspekˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 期待、期望（由expect加后缀-ation变成名词）
consumer /kənˈsjuːmə(r)/ n. 消费者
reconsider /ˌriːk(ə)nˈsɪdə(r)/ v. 重新考虑（由consider加上表示再次的前缀re-）
habitual /həˈbɪtʃuəl/ adj. 习惯性的
Dr Ivo Vlaev, a behavioural scientist from Warwick Business School who co-authored the study, said he found it "shocking" that such a significant change had been observed, given that all of the options were still available to consumers.
behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/ adj. 行为的（由behaviour加后缀-al变成形容词）
co- 前缀，意思是共同
author /ˈɔːθə(r)/ v. 写、写作
shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj. 令人极其惊讶的
significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪk(ə)nt/ adj. 显著的
observe /əbˈzɜːv/ v. 观察
given /ˈɡɪv(ə)n/ prep. 考虑到
He said: "You can call it a cognitive trick. It's based on a bias, or a psychological blind spot we have when we are looking at the range of options in front of us or the world outside of us, because we focus our attention on things that are more salient（显眼的）, or are immediately coming in front of us – our eyes follow certain patterns when we are looking at the world, as when you're reading a page in a magazine."
cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj. 认知的
trick /trɪk/ n. 诡计、花招
based on 基于
bias /ˈbaɪəs/ n. 偏向、偏差
or /ɔː(r)/ conj. 也就是
psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ adj. 心理上的（由psychology加后缀-ical变成形容词）
blind spot 盲点
focus on 专注于、使专注于
pattern /ˈpæt(ə)n/ n. 模式、方式
The researchers initially worked with McDonald's, which funded the study, to make Coke Zero the "default" choice when ordering a meal. However, they were not able to do this because some people are allergic（过敏的） to the sweeteners used to replace sugar.
initially /ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)li/ adv. 最初、一开始（由initial加后缀-ly变成副词）
fund /fʌnd/ v. 提供资金
default /dɪˈfɒlt/ n. 默认值
sweetener /ˈswiːtnə(r)/ n. （人造的）甜味剂
Dr Vlaev said that other retailers should take note of the "promising results", amid policy interventions such as the sugar tax and rules around fast food outlets by schools.
retailer /ˈriːteɪlə(r)/ n. 零售商（由retail加上表示人的后缀-er）
take note of 注意、留意
promising /ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 有前途的、大有希望的
amid /əˈmɪd/ prep. 在…中、在…过程中
policy /ˈpɒləsi/ n. 政策
intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n. 干预
outlet /ˈaʊtlet/ n. 商店、分销点
（如果您发现某些行的最后一个单词被分成两半了，请把您使用的浏览器升级到最新版本就能正常显示了。）
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