而我在这个假期的挑战方面还是很精进的，找到了我应该注重的一些挑战方向，并进行了练习。就如在@英语方面，我凭着自己对语言的喜好和为了未来的发展，所以，开始@背单词和练习雅思，现在已经进步了许多，词汇量也经过努力@提升了一些。
在口语方面，我也有一个线上的老师，并且我妈妈也录下了许多我交流的视频，@为了发到交流群中去推广这种学习方式，也是帮助了许多孩子的，因为学英语根本就不需要放入这么多金钱和死记硬背。
并且我也通过英语去@找到了更多可以自我提升的资源，也提起了我对政治，哲学，心理学，法律等各方面的兴趣，我也渐渐爱上了思考，@甚至也会写演讲稿去表达我自己的想法，所以今天我就用英语分享一下我这个假期思考的一个让我很感兴趣的话题：@功利与康德，自由与道德
@Let's start with a story.The classic trolley car problem.@You are the driver of a trolley car. There are five workers on the track.Your break is broken.You know that if you crash into these five workers， they will all die.Until, you notice there is, to the right, a side track with one worker on it.So,@ do you choose to turn, or go straight?
The majority decision is @to turn，The main reason is because@ it can't be right to kill five person instead of @one.
So ，what if we change the question to you are the onlooker on the bridge?There's a fat man leaning over the bridge beside you.If you give him a push, he would land in front of the five workers.He would die stopping the trolley car, but he would save the five workers.
So,@ do you choose to shove or do nothing?
Most of the people choose@ to do nothing.Some people might say @it's because of the pushing，That they just can't put so much energy in a murder. But@ what if the fat man is standing on a trap door and you can just push a button to let him fall on the track?Most of the people still @choose to do nothing.@
The other reason to do nothing is because@ it is not right to involve someone in the case that they shouldn't be in.But when you think about it@ ,the five workers also shouldn be in this case as well.These five workers didn't have the thought to sacrifice their lives any more than the fat man did.
So ,@why do you choose to kill five person instead of killing one?So that means@ the reason for the first question's answer is wrong.
There is @no right or wrong in the choices we make in this kind of murder.This is the moral side of the murder.And we can see @what everybody′s moral states are from the choices that people make .@
Firstly, we have the@ consequential standpoint.The right@ and the moral thing to do depends on the consequences that will result from your action.
But in some other cases, we gesture towards the other @categorical state， which means hesitating to push the fat man.This is known as @utilitarianism,we just think that it is wrong morally wrong to kill a person.We gesture towards@ the reasons having to do with the act itself.
In this speech I want to argue，technicaly speaking,with @Imanual Kunt's thoughts about utilitarianism,and the thoughts and debates he published and described his life,especially from the book @"critique of pure reason".
Utilitarians@ believe@ humans are only and strictly on pleasure and pain,and to@ judge something is right or wrong morally，is by comparing. Is the pleasure is bigger than the pain or not?
Kant @rejects utilitarianism strongly, though he did admit that the utilitarians were half right.
Kant@ thinks:"of course, @we seek to avoid pain and we do like pleasure." But he refuses the point that Bentham @had made:Pain and pleasure are humans masters.
So @why does Kant rejects the principle of morality that lots of the people believe?
Kant @thinks that @every individual person had a certain dignity that command our respect，that is because we are rational beings，which means we are beings who are capable of reason .We are not only capable of reason，@but also autonomous.We are being capable of acting and choosing freely.
By the way@ these two are not the only two capacities we have.Their are suffering, pain, satisfaction and pleasure ET cetera@
Kant says: @it's our rational capacity that makes us distinctive and above mere animals，we are something more than just physical creatures.
So let's start with one of the capacity:@freedom.@
What @is actual freedom? Most of the people often think of freedom as simply@ consisting in doing what they want,or that @there's no obstacles between them and the point that they want to get.
But @this isn't Kant's idea of freedom.He has a very@ demanding but persuasive notion，saying that@ when we ,like animals, seek for pleasure and the avoidance of pain, we are not really acting of freedom，Instead, we are really acting as the slaves of those appetites and impulses.
Humans didn't choose a particular appetite and desire， so when we act to satisfy it, we are just acting according to natural necessity.And for Kant, @freedom is the opposite of necessity.@
Kant thinks:To @act freely is to@ act autonomously.Meaning to @act according to a law that I give myself， not according to the physical laws of nature.
The opposite of autonomy for Kant，is@ heteronomy,this word was invented by him.This means@ to act according to desires I have'nt chosen myself.@
so,The @real act of freedom is @not to choose the best means to a given end, it is@ to choose the end itself for its own sake.This is something only humans can do.So,@ when we act to pursue pleasure, we act as means to the realization of ends given outside us.
For me, it seems like we are instruments rather than owners.
When@ we act anonymously,We act according to a law we give ourselves，So this thing we doing has its own sake as an end in itself,Simply speaking, we can come to think of ourselves as ends in ourselves.
Sothis is one of the capacity that human have，its @meaning that @respecting human dignity means rewarding persons as ends in themselves,And that is the reason that the @utilitarianism goes wrong.Also the reason why@ it's important to respect the dignity of other people，and to hold up everybody's rights, including ourselves.
Even if we calculate@ the exact number of pleasure and pain，Using comparison to choose cases，The utilitarian would be upholding justice and rights for people,but for the wrong reason.Because it's purely contigent,This point of view does not respect people as their ends,No matter if the calculated number was right or wrong or even works out for the best in the long run，It will still be@ unright morally.
So @this connected to his idea of@ morality.This one is simple to understand.i quote that :@what makes an action morally worthy consist not in the consequences not in the results that flow from it. the thing that makes an action morally worthy has to do with the motive.It has to do with the quality of the will,the good or bad in the intentions,Also it must be done for the sake of the moral law.
I figure that@ this point of view was very alike to 王阳明先生的@致良知学问。
Also,@this is a very important understanding of Kant@: A goodwill isn't good because of what it affect or accomplishes,it's good in itself. even if by utmost effort the goodwill accomplishes nothing it would still shine like a jewel for its own sake as something which has its fall all value in itself.
Finally, i end with this @quote:@孟子曰: “人之所不学而能者，其良能也；所不虑而知者，其良知也。孩提之童无不知爱其亲者，及其长也，无不知敬其兄也。亲亲，仁也；敬长，义也；无他，达之天下也。”
In this vacation，I figure thatI ,for me，@discovering knowledge and learning reason,Is to awaken the restlessness of moral and reason, and to see where it might lead.But the road will never end.Thank you.
以上就是我假期所做的一些有意义的事的总结，当然，我们小组的畅舟也在这个假期也有了突破和转折，接下来，由畅舟来分享一下自己的挑战与思考
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