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介词 to 和 for

介词 to 和 for

作者: 我阿郑 | 来源:发表于2022-02-03 14:01 被阅读0次

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    一、即可用to, 也可用for

    1- expressing reason ; expressing intension (表达意图)

    * `to + 动词`是动词不定式,并不是介词短语
    * `to + 名词` = 形容词/副词,是介词短语
    
    I went to the supermarket `to buy` apples. // 我去超市买苹果
    
    I went to the supermarket `for` apples. // 我去超市买苹果
    
    * 这里的 `to buy` 是动词不定式,并不是介词短语
    * to + 动词原型构成动词不定式
    * for + 名词
    * to + 名词 = 形容词 / 副词,构成介词短语
    
    I asked her `to give` me the keys.
    I asked her `for` the keys.
    
    * 这里的`to give` 是动词不定式,强调give的动作
    
    I invited her to party.
    // 我邀请他参加聚会(强调社交,包含舞会,连天、庆祝等各种活动)
    * 这里的`to party` 是介词短语
    
    I invited her for dinner.
    我请他吃晚饭(仅仅指的是吃饭,不包含其他活动)
    

    2- To indicate a recipient (指明接收人)

    recipient means receive something

    I `made` a cake `for` Jim.  // 我给吉姆做了蛋糕
    I `gave` the cake `to` Jim. // 我把蛋糕给了吉姆
    Jim `sold` it `to` Tom. // 吉姆把它卖给了汤姆
    
    * 这里 gave 和 sold 表达了 transfer 和movement
     就是`把一个东西从这个地方传递到另一个地方`,或`从一个人传递给另一个人`
    * 这个东西本来就是存在的,这里用to;
    * made的时候,该东西并不存在,made a cake 从无到有,并没有传递性,所以用for
    

    二、只适合用to的情况

    // 1. Motive / reason (with verb)
    I came here `to` talk to you.
    
    // 2. Telling the time
    Let`s meet at ten `to` nine. // 我们8点59见面; from 8 to 9
    
    // 3. Distance
    It`s about 10km `from my house to your house`.
    
    // 4. Comparing
    I prefer apples `to` orange.
    
    // 5. Destination
    We are going to France.
    
    // 6. Transferring (give / send/ sell)
    I sent it to her yesterday.
    

    三、用for不用to的情况

    // 1. Beneficial or detrimental (对... 有益处 or 坏处)
    Drinking water is good `for` you
    
    // 2. Periods of time (期间;一段时间)
    I lived in Beijing for 3 years.
    
    // 3. Schedules / arrangements (计划,安排)
    I `ve made an appointment for 4th May.
     我在5月4号安排了一个约会
    
    // 4. Motive / reason (with noun)
    I went to the shop for milk.
    // 5. Doing something to help someone (通过做某事来帮助别人)
    Can I carry that `for` you?
    // 6. Function (with -ing verb) (for + 功能,一般为动词+ing形式)
    Wine is made `for` drinking.
    

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