一、即可用to, 也可用for
1- expressing reason ; expressing intension (表达意图)
* `to + 动词`是动词不定式,并不是介词短语
* `to + 名词` = 形容词/副词,是介词短语
I went to the supermarket `to buy` apples. // 我去超市买苹果
I went to the supermarket `for` apples. // 我去超市买苹果
* 这里的 `to buy` 是动词不定式,并不是介词短语
* to + 动词原型构成动词不定式
* for + 名词
* to + 名词 = 形容词 / 副词,构成介词短语
I asked her `to give` me the keys.
I asked her `for` the keys.
* 这里的`to give` 是动词不定式,强调give的动作
I invited her to party.
// 我邀请他参加聚会(强调社交,包含舞会,连天、庆祝等各种活动)
* 这里的`to party` 是介词短语
I invited her for dinner.
我请他吃晚饭(仅仅指的是吃饭,不包含其他活动)
2- To indicate a recipient (指明接收人)
recipient means receive something
I `made` a cake `for` Jim. // 我给吉姆做了蛋糕
I `gave` the cake `to` Jim. // 我把蛋糕给了吉姆
Jim `sold` it `to` Tom. // 吉姆把它卖给了汤姆
* 这里 gave 和 sold 表达了 transfer 和movement
就是`把一个东西从这个地方传递到另一个地方`,或`从一个人传递给另一个人`
* 这个东西本来就是存在的,这里用to;
* made的时候,该东西并不存在,made a cake 从无到有,并没有传递性,所以用for
二、只适合用to的情况
// 1. Motive / reason (with verb)
I came here `to` talk to you.
// 2. Telling the time
Let`s meet at ten `to` nine. // 我们8点59见面; from 8 to 9
// 3. Distance
It`s about 10km `from my house to your house`.
// 4. Comparing
I prefer apples `to` orange.
// 5. Destination
We are going to France.
// 6. Transferring (give / send/ sell)
I sent it to her yesterday.
三、用for不用to的情况
// 1. Beneficial or detrimental (对... 有益处 or 坏处)
Drinking water is good `for` you
// 2. Periods of time (期间;一段时间)
I lived in Beijing for 3 years.
// 3. Schedules / arrangements (计划,安排)
I `ve made an appointment for 4th May.
我在5月4号安排了一个约会
// 4. Motive / reason (with noun)
I went to the shop for milk.
// 5. Doing something to help someone (通过做某事来帮助别人)
Can I carry that `for` you?
// 6. Function (with -ing verb) (for + 功能,一般为动词+ing形式)
Wine is made `for` drinking.
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