Forces of evolution

1. Hardy-Weinberg principle

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Hardy-Weinberg principle

Usage of Hardy-Weinberg principle: to calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies in a population

2. Mutation

3. Natural selection

https://biologydictionary.net/natural-selection/

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/natural-selection/

Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.
Individuals in a population are naturally variable, meaning that they are all different in some ways.

https://www.thoughtco.com/types-of-selection-1224586

4. Genetic drift

5. Gene flow