dict
for k in d:
print(k)
print(k,d.get(k))
v = d.get(k)
print(k,v)
for k,v in d.items():
print(k,v)
for x in thisdict.values():
print(x)
clear
>>> d = {}
>>> d['name'] = 'Gumby'
>>> d['age'] = 42
>>> d
{'age': 42, 'name': 'Gumby'}
>>> returned_value = d.clear() >>> d
{}
>>> print(returned_value)
None
copy
如你所见,当替换副本中的值时,原件不受影响。然而,如果修改副本中的值(就地修改而 不是替换),原件也将发生变化,因为原件指向的也是被修改的值(如这个示例中的'machines' 列表所示)。
>>> x = {'username': 'admin', 'machines': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']}
>>> y = x.copy()
>>> y['username'] = 'mlh'
>>> y['machines'].remove('bar')
>>> y
{'username': 'mlh', 'machines': ['foo', 'baz']}
>>> x
{'username': 'admin', 'machines': ['foo', 'baz']}
deepcopy
>>> from copy import deepcopy
>>> d = {}
>>> d['names'] = ['Alfred', 'Bertrand']
>>> c = d.copy()
>>> dc = deepcopy(d)
>>> d['names'].append('Clive')
>>> c
{'names': ['Alfred', 'Bertrand', 'Clive']}
>>> dc
{'names': ['Alfred', 'Bertrand']}
fromkeys
方法fromkeys创建一个新字典,其中包含指定的键,且每个键对应的值都是None。
>>> {}.fromkeys(['name', 'age'])
{'age': None, 'name': None}
get
>>> d = {}
>>> print(d.get('name'))
None
>>> d.get('name', 'N/A')
'N/A'
>>> d['name'] = 'Eric'
>>> d.get('name')
'Eric'
items
>>> d = {'title': 'Python Web Site', 'url': 'http://www.python.org', 'spam': 0}
>>> d.items()
dict_items([('url', 'http://www.python.org'), ('spam', 0), ('title', 'Python Web Site')])
>>> it = d.items()
>>> len(it)
3
>>> ('spam', 0) in it
True
keys
方法keys返回一个字典视图,其中包含指定字典中的键。
pop
>>> d = {'x': 1, 'y': 2}
>>> d.pop('x')
1
>>> d
{'y': 2}
popitem
方法popitem类似于list.pop,但list.pop弹出列表中的最后一个元素,而popitem随机地弹
update
values
>>> d = {}
>>> d[1] = 1
>>> d[2] = 2
>>> d[3] = 3
>>> d[4] = 1
>>> d.values()
dict_values([1, 2, 3, 1])
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