Django+uwsgi+nginx生产环境部署

项目实测环境：

• 虚拟机：VirtualBox
• Python：python3.6.6
• Django：2.4.0
• OS：CentOs7
• 虚拟机的IP：10.20.166.101（可以正常ping通主机）
• 架构：使用nginx访问静态文件,使用uwsgi与python应用程序通信
• Django项目：

  BinglanProject/
  ├── BinglanProject
  ├── binlan_app
  ├── manage.py
  ├── media  # 媒体文件 存放mp4文件
  └── static  # 使用python3 manage.py collectstatic 产生的静态文件目录
  

Django项目

• 确保Django项目可以在centos下正常运行

Nginx环境设置

• 安装nginx

  • 下载 wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
  • 解压 tar zxvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
  • 编译安装

    cd nginx-1.14.0
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
    make && make install
    

  • 执行 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    • 打开浏览器访问 10.20.166.101 显示如下则nginx安装成功
      

• nginx访问静态文件

  • 编写nginx配置文件,我们只需要复制一份原本nginx的配置文件,稍加修改即可
    cp /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/test.conf

  • 修改配置文件

    • vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/test.conf

    •     listen       80;
          server_name  localhost;
          #charset koi8-r;
          #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
          location /media/ {
              alias /home/lanlan/BinglanProject/media/;
          }
          location / {
              root   html;
              index  index.html index.htm;
          }
      

    Tips: 添加了media的location,/home/lanlan/BinglanProject/media/目录里面存放的是我的静态文件，两个MP4文件

    
    

  • 运行nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/test.conf,打开浏览器访问10.20.166.101(显示正常)
    

    

  • 访问静态文件，10.20.166.101/media/1.mp4
    

    111.PNG

  • 查看nginx错误日志（Permission denied）

    
    error.PNG
    

    Tips: 错误日志显示 Permission denied,是因为没有足够的权限，所以需要配置nginx用户为系统用户，我使用root用户运行nginx则配置nginx以root用户运行。

  • 更改nginx配置文件 vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/test.conf

  user  root; # 修改用户为root
  worker_processes  1;
  #error_log  logs/error.log;
  #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
  #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
  #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
  events {
      worker_connections  1024;
  }
  http {
      include       mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;
      #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
      #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
      #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  

  • 从新运行nginx

    pkill nginx
    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/test.conf
    

  • 访问 10.20.166.101/media/1.mp4 (显示正常)
    su.png

  • 到此，我们nginx基本配置完成

uWsgi配置

• 安装uWsgi

  我们使用pip安装uwsgi pip3 install uwsgi

• 测试uwsgi

  • 新建 test.py 写入如下内容

  def application(env, start_response):
      start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
      return [b"Hello World"]
  

  • 运行 uwsgi uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
  • 浏览器访问 虚拟机IP 10.20.166.101:8000显示 Hello World 则uwsgi运行正常

• uWsgi运行Django项目

  • 与manage.py同级目录创建uwsgi.conf，写入如下内容

    [uwsgi]
    chdir = /home/lanlan/BinglanProject   ; 项目的根目录
    master = true
    processes = 4
    threads = 2
    http = :8000
    static-map = /static=/home/lanlan/BinglanProject/static
    vacuum = true
    home = /home/lanlan/BinglanProject/venv
    module = BinglanProject.wsgi
  

  • 在项目根目录执行 uwsgi --ini uwsgi.conf ,浏览器访问 虚拟机IP 10.20.166.101:8000显示正常即可。

Django+Nginx+uWsgi部署

Tips: 我的项目目录

(venv) [lanlan@localhost ~]$ pwd
/home/lanlan
(venv) [lanlan@localhost ~]$ tree -L 1 BinglanProject/
BinglanProject/
├── BinglanProject
├── binlan_app
├── binlan_vue
├── manage.py
├── media
├── requirments.txt
├── static
├── test.py
├── uwsgi.ini
└── venv

• Nginx配置文件(存放在/usr/local/nginx/conf/binglan.conf)

user  root;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;



    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    upstream django {
        # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
        server unix:///home/lanlan/BinglanProject/uwsgi.sock
        #server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        charset utf-8;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        location /media/ {
            alias /home/lanlan/BinglanProject/media/;
        }

        location /static/ {
            alias /home/lanlan/BinglanProject/static/;
        }

        location / {
            uwsgi_pass   django;
            include /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

• uWsgi配置文件(存放在/home/lanlan/BinglanProject/uwsgi.conf)

[uwsgi]
chdir = /home/lanlan/BinglanProject
master = true
processes = 4
threads = 2
; static-map = /static=/home/lanlan/BinglanProject/static
vacuum = true
home = /home/lanlan/BinglanProject/venv
module = BinglanProject.wsgi
socket = /home/lanlan/BinglanProject/uwsgi.sock
daemonize = /home/lanlan/BinglanProject/uwsgi.log

到此，Django+uWsgi+Nginx部署完成