Psychology Glossary 64

Expectancy Effect: Results that occurs when a research or observer subtly communicates to participants the kind of behavior he or she expects to find, thereby creating that expected reaction.

期望效应：当研究人员或观察者巧妙地向参与者传达他或她期望发现的行为类型时，就会产生预期的反应。

Expectancy Theory: A cognitive theory of work motivation that proposes that workers are motivated when they expect their efforts and job performance to result in desired outcomes.

期望理论：一种工作动机的认知理论，认为当员工期望自己的努力和工作表现能产生预期的结果时，他们就会受到激励。

Experimental Group: A group in an experiment that is exposed to a treatment or experiences a manipulation of the independent variable.

实验组：在实验中接受某种治疗或经历自变量被操纵的一组人。