【雅思小伦哥-外刊精读】教育1.0以教师为核心，教育2.0以学生

作者: 雅思小伦哥在这里 | 来源:发表于2019-07-09 09:34 被阅读0次

Modern students have clear goals and high expectations, says Ian Matthias. Higher education institutions face fiercely competing priorities. They’re under pressure to rank highly in measures such as the teaching excellence framework (TEF), but at the same time students are more discerning than ever about what they expect from university. A recent survey of UK vice chancellors by PA Consulting found that 59 per cent felt that maximising TEF ratings was a top strategic priority, while 79 per cent prioritised student satisfaction over league table rankings. And now that National Student Survey ratings are likely to carry less weight in TEF ratings, the goalposts are changing all the time.

伊恩∙马蒂亚斯说，现代学生有明确的目标和较高的期望。高等教育机构面临着诸多需要优先处理的事项，而它们的重要性不分伯仲。高等教育机构为了在“教学卓越框架”（the teaching excellence framework, 简称TEF）等测评中取得更好的排名而备受压力，而同时，学生们也比以往更清楚自己期望从大学里得到什么。近期，博安咨询集团（PA Consulting）对英国各个大学的副校长进行了调查。调查显示，他们中的59%认为充分利用TEF评级是策略上的最佳选择，而79%将学生对于名次表中排名的满意度作为优先考虑的事项。另外，由于全国学生调查（National Student Survey）评级在TEF评级中的重要性有下降的趋势，所以规则是一直在改变的。

What is certain is that today’s students are making decisions on higher education armed with far more information than previous generations, and seek greater certainty about what their university can offer them in terms of scholarship, employability, student experience and pastoral care. This shift towards more student-centric universities is one that has been happening for some time, albeit slowly, says Ian Matthias, higher education consultant at PA Consulting. PA Consulting describes this new relationship as ‘Student 4.0’ – students have clearer goals and higher expectations of the type of relationship they will develop with a university in order to achieve their ambitions.

毋庸置疑，当今的学生比上一代掌握着更多信息，供他们在高等教育上做出选择，他们也更清楚大学能给他们提供怎样的奖学金、就业率、学生经历和人文关怀。博安咨询公司的高级教育顾问伊恩∙马蒂亚斯说，尽管速度缓慢，但大学朝向学生为中心的转变已持续一些时日。博雅咨询公司将这种新的关系称为“学生4.0”，即学生在发展与大学的关系时，拥有更明确的目标和更高的期望，以便实现自己的理想。

“Universities are now far more demand-led,” Matthias explains. “They’re trying to find and communicate their value proposition -- how they’re relevant to students’ lives, but realising at the same time that they can’t be all things to everyone.” Institutions are at different stages of this transition, he adds, and the most advanced are adapting large parts of their business models to become more student-centric.

马蒂亚斯解释说：“大学越来越以需求为导向，它们试图寻找并传达自己的价值主张——它们怎样与学生的生命息息相关，但同时也意识到自己不能满足所有人。”他补充道：“不同的机构正处于不同的转型阶段，最先进的大学正在更大程度地把自己向以学生为中心的的商业模式转变。

A good example of this is Coventry University’s Add+vantage Scheme, which enables students to gain work experience and career development activities alongside their studies rather than as a separate element.

考文垂大学的“Add＋vantage”计划就是一个很好的例子，这一计划将工作经历和职业发展活动纳入学生的学习之中，而不是让它们与教学相孤立。

Northampton is an example of a university that has recognised its value proposition is in offering something unique, becoming the ‘go-to’ institution for those who want to work in or set up social enterprises.

北安普顿大学在价值主张的确立中做出了表率。它将自己的价值确立为提供独一无二经历的，从而成为了有志于建立或服务于社会企业的学生“必去”的机构。

A key part of developing that value proposition is realising that a university cannot meet every demand of every type of student, Matthias points out. “All too often, in the scramble for growth, looking for the best-fit students becomes a secondary consideration, and their experience falls short of what they were expecting,” he says.

马蒂亚斯指出，发展价值主张的一个关键点在于，要意识到一所大学不能满足所有类型的学生的所有需求。通常，在生源的争夺中，寻找最合适的学生退居次要考虑因素，而且学生的经历会达不到他们的预期水准。

本新闻解读首发于2019年07月08日，选自：TIMES HIGHER EDUCATION

原文链接：https://www.timeshighereducation.com/hub/p/student-40-how-universities-can-become-student-centric-institutions

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教学卓越框架（the teaching excellence framework，简称TEF）是英国政府自2016年发起的，用来激励大学和高等教育机构优化教学质量的评分机制。大学和高等教育机构可以自主选择是否参加评分，TEF会根据教学质量、教学环境、学生成就等指标，把学校分为金、银、铜等不同级别。教学质量TEF分析目前主要适用于本科教学，致力于帮助学生选择更合适的大学，并提高学生对于学校教学的满意度。