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雅思语法第十五+十六课:不定式&if从句

雅思语法第十五+十六课:不定式&if从句

作者: 0xC00005 | 来源:发表于2019-01-20 15:05 被阅读0次

    ****用户须知***

    !非盈利非盈利非盈利!

    这段话应该会出现在笔者所有雅思笔记的上面吧我想~

    这个是2018年九月份咸鱼笔者突击雅思整理的笔记,由于笔者国内的学校基本上没有教任何关于语法的知识导致grammar比洋人还差,一般情况下西方学校英文最好最标准的都是大陆or香港仔(笑)

    本系列的所有教程均按照浙江教育出版社的 剑桥雅思语法精讲 的顺序来安排的,建议配套?(反正都是自学)

    本笔记仅用于个人复习所用,部分内容设计XDF和英孚国际的教程,希望不要找我麻烦啦(跪地求饶)

    第一部分

    对于英语来说接不定式的单词多为“打算”“计划”“希望”“将要做某事”等表示未来的动词。同样与不定式表示不同的动词不定式表示正在进行,一般性或经常性发生的行为。

    来自
    <
    https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BC%8F>

    =

    动词+to-不定式

    直接跟to不定式

    I decided to do.

    动词+宾语+to不定式

    I told him to do.

    动词(介词)+ing(动词(+介词)+ing)

    I prefer dealiing……

    当动词后面除了to以外其他的介词时,其后的动词通常是ing形式:

    I was thinking about doing ……

    动词+to-不定式或ing形式

    一切动词后面可以跟to-不定式或者ing形式,这两种形式在意思上差别很小

    I like feeding the anilmals. = I like to feed the animals.

    Would like/would love/would prefer后跟to-不定式

    I would to stop hubbubing.

    第二部分

    条件句一般都是由一个条件,通常由if引入,和一个可能的结果或后果。if从句可置于结果从句前面或者后面,在if语句在前的时候,在两个从句中间用逗号隔开。if从句和结果从句可以是肯定的或者否定的。

    If +现在时 + 现在时 (都是现在时)

    现在时+ if +现在时

    零条件句

    用零条件句来表示某事是普遍的真理或者事实(if和every time是一个意思)

    这里的事实是指做了一定会花生的事情,比如舔狗必死

    If you own a car,you also have to pay for insurance and registration every year

    如果所谈论的事情不再属于事实,就用过去时

    When I was a child , if I helped my brother, she gave me extra pocket money

    事实一(If)现

    if+现在时+will/won't(might/could/going to)+verb
    (如果我现在怎么怎么样,将来就会……)

    If I invest my money, it will grow

    will/won't (might/could/going to)+verb + if
    +现在时(什么将会改变,如果我现在做出什么的话)

    My money will grow if I ……

    第一条件句

    *主将从现*

    用来谈论某事情可能未来未来未来未来!!!!!!会用一种可能的结果:

    If you leave your money in the bank, you won't earn any interest and it may
    lose value over time.

    (你可能一分钱都不会赚,但是说不定资本家良心发现了呢?)

    用might,could或者may来代替will来表示可能性不是很大的事情

    If I invest it,I might lose it all. (这里我觉得应该用will哈哈哈)

    或者用can 来表达sometimes(有时)之意:

    If you travel at rush hour, the trains can be very crowded(有时会非常"拥挤"
    @阿三)

    可能一过一现

    If + 过去式(上面加粗的都是过去式),would(n't)(might/could)+verb + if
    +现在时

    If I invested my money,it would grow

    would(n't)(might/could)+verb + if+过去式

    My money would grow if I invested it

    第二条件句

    现在或者未来想象的,不可能或者不太可能发生的情况,过去时态并不是指过去时间,

    If I went travelling,I would't have any money left over

    对于动词be,可以用was或者were与i/he/she/it连用

    That's what I would do if I were/was you

    可以用was/were + to不定式指未来不太可能发生的事情

    If you were to spend a year travelling around the world,you would probably need
    awful lot more money than this

    引出条件的其他词语

    可以用when,provided that(前提是) ,in case(以防),so/as long as
    和unless来替代零条件句,第一和第二条件句中的if

    when,as soon as

    可以用when和as soon as替代if来表达某事比较可能

    I will give you a lift into town when/as soon as I finish this
    work.(我将给你搭车进城当/只要我完成这项工作。)

    可以用unless来表达一个否定条件,其意义与if….not相同

    You won't earn much interest unless you invest it properly = If you don't invest
    it properly(你不会赚太多,除非你正确投资)

    so/as long as,provided that(前提是)

    但表示强调时候上述短语在书面中比在口语中更常用

    As long as you get a second-hand car, you should still be able to invest some
    money. = if you get …..

    In case表示预防

    You should keep this reference number in case there are any problem.

    第三条件句

    if 子句(条件/情况) 主要子句(结果)
    if + 过去完成时 条件式现在时
    If this thing had happened that thing would happen.

    来自
    <
    https://liuxue.ef.com.cn/english-references/english-grammar/mixed-conditional/>

    if+过去时,would have +过去时

    If you would asked me,I would have done it

    Would have + 过去时 + if +过去时

    I would have done it if you would asked me

    第三条件句描述的是过去的假设情况,然而通常都是假设过去发生了什么事情

    如果你这么干(过去),现在就不会这样了

    可以用might或者could来表示可能性较小

    混合条件句

    主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。

    If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do
    now.(但是你昨天并没有问他,所以你现在也不知道了啦啦啦)

    (从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)

    If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

    来自 <https://www.hjenglish.com/yufadaquan/p278553/>

    希望和遗憾

    可以用wish+过去分词来谈论与我们意愿相反的事情

    I wish I could help you = I can't help you = 老实人

    可以使用wish + something/someone + would
    +不带to的不定式来表达我们对某人或者某事改变的渴♂望

    I wish they would stop talking so loudly! = They are talking loudly and I want
    them to stop = 然而他们并没有stop还把声音开大了

    wish+过去完成时来讨论令我们失望的过去的情况

    I wish I would thought about the order costs before I bought it =
    我曾经买了一辆而且我现在很后悔

    可以用never来强调

    I should have listened to him = but I did not

    If it wasn't for

    可以用if it wasn't for +名词短语来说明某一种情况取决于另外一种情况,人或事

    If it wasn't for the car, I would have no money worries now.
    (车正是我现在担心的原因)

    可以用if it didn't been for 来谈论过去的情况

    If it had not been for your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.

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