定语从句

定语从句

定义：修饰名词或者某句子的从句

先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词、代词甚至是一个句子

引导词：在定语从句中又叫关系词

关系代词: who, whom, whose, that, which, as
关系副词: when, where, why

关系代词	who	whom	whose	that	which	as
先行词	人	人	人、物	人、物	物	-
代替位置	主语	宾语	定语	主语、宾语	主语、宾语

关系代词	that	which	as
-	the only、the very	非限制性	As we all know
-	something, anything, nothing, everything	一句话	the same ... as
-	all、some、any	介词+which	such ... as
-	序数词、形容词最高级修饰、last time	-	as ... as
-	先行词包括人和物	-	-

who 指人

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• 先行词指人时，who 做主语时，用 who

The boy who is standing over there is Tom.

whom 指人

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• whom 做宾语和表语时，用 whom 也可用 that 或 省略

This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.

whose 指人 或 指物

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• 表谁谁的

This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.

that 可人可物

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• 先行词指人，who=that
• 先行词指物 或 that 在句中做主语，用 that
• 先行词指物，that 在句中做宾语，用 that, that 也可以省略

which 指物

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• 先行词指物，which 在句中做主语 或 宾语，which=that

只能用 that 情况, 可人可物

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1. 先行词被 the only、the very 修饰时

-   This is the only computer that he often turns to for help

2. 先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything 时

-  Is there anything that I can do for you?

3. 先行词是不定代词 all

-  Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.

4. 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时

-  These are all the things that I have done today.

5. 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时

-  This is the cleanest room that you can see here.

6. time 作先行词，前面有序数词或 last 修饰时

-  This is the last time that I'll give you pocket money.

7. 当先行词包括人和物时。

I really want to know more about Mr Chen and his lecture that most students like .(喜欢这位老师和他的课）

下面不常考

8. 尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。

-   He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago

9. 以 who 开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。

-   Who is the person that is sitting on the ground?

只能用 which 情况，指物

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1. 在非限制性定语从句中。

-   This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday.

2. 先行词不是一个词，而是前面整个句子的概念时

-   The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy.

3. 当先行词指物，用“介词+which”

-   This is the pen with which I often write.

As 主要是固定搭配

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1. as 单独引导定语从句。As we all know (=As is known to us all)

-   As we all know, Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.
-   As is known to us all, Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.

2. the same...as(一样)
3. such... as...(和...一样)

-   I have the same idea as you.
-   Don't read such a book as you can't understand.

4. as...as...和..一样

-   In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can.

连接副词: when, where, why(少状语, 不缺主谓、主系)

where 地点

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1. 当先行词是指地点的名词，而且 where 在句中作状语时，用 where, where=介词 + which.

-   This is the classroom where we study.

2. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词,但关系副词在句中作主语、宾语时，只能选 that/which.

-  This is the factory that/which makes paper.
# 关系副词做宾语时可以省略
-  This is the factory (that which) we visited yesterday. 

3. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能用 which

-  This is the school, which he visited.

4. the one 是代词，代替前面的名词，其后的 that/which 往往省略。

-   Is this factory the one you visited?

5. 当 situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名词，关系词在句中作状语时，选 where

-  You'd better make a mark where you have any questions. 

6. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作状语，但定语从句末有介词时，选 which.

-  This is the lab which we do experiments in.

when 时间

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1. 当先行词是指【时间】的名词，而且关系副词在句中作【状语】时，选 when, when=介词+which

-  We will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith. 

2. 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，但关系词在句中作主语、宾语时，选 that 或 which.

-  Monday is the day which/ that comes before Tuesday.
-  We will never forget the days (that/ which) we spent with him. 

3. 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能选 which.

-  Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday.

4. the one 作替代词，代替前面表示时间的名词，其后的 that/which 往往省略。

-  That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever.

5. time 作先行词，前面有序数词或 last 时，只能选 that

-  Is this the third time that you have been late for school this week?

why 原因

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1. 当先行词是指表示原因的名词 reason 时，如果关系副词作状语，选 why，why=for which.

-  This is the reason why I didn't attend the meeting yesterday.

2. 当先行词是表示原因的名词 reason 时，如果关系副词在句中作宾语，选 that/ which,也可省略。

-  My parents didn't believe the reason (that/which) I give him.

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完成时

现在完成时

构成： have/has + done
时间状语：already、yet、just、never、ever、before、since + 时间点、for + 时间段(延续性动词)、up to now

过去完成时

构成：had + done
时间状语：by 1999、by the time + 过去时间、by the end of + 过去时间、when、before、after + 过去时间
固定句型
hardly ... (had 主语 done...) ... when、
scarcely ... (had 主语 done...) ... when、
no sooner ... (had 主语 done...) ... when、
It was/had been + 段时间 + since…(had done)...、
This (It) was the first/second/last ... time that ... (had done)...

This was the second time that I had come to Beijing.

将来完成时

构成：will + have + done
时间状语：by 2035、by the time + 将来时间、by the end of + 将来时间

Frank moved to California last summer and ___ there since then.
A. has stayed   B. stayed       C. is staying    D. stay

答案：A