iOS 蓝牙连接工具类

作者: zwwuchn | 来源:发表于2019-08-12 11:44 被阅读2次

    基础知识了解

    • peripheral 外设,被连接的设备为perilheral
    • central 发起连接的时central
    • service and characteristic 服务和特征 每个设备都会提供服务和特征,类似于服务端的api,但是由于结构不同,每个外设会有很多的服务,每个服务中又包含很多字段,这些字段的权限一般分为 读read,写write,通知notiy几种,就是我们连接设备后具体需要操作的内容。
    • Description 每个characteristic可以对应一个或多个Description用户描述characteristic的信息或属性
    • Characteristic 一个characteristic包括一个单一变量和0-n个用来描述characteristic变量的descriptor,characteristic可以被认为是一个类型,类 似于类。
    • Descriptor Descriptor用来描述characteristic变量的属性。例如,一个descriptor可以规定一个可读的描述,或者一个characteristic变量可接受的
      范围,或者一个characteristic变量特定的测量单位。
    • Service service是characteristic的集合
    BLE中的开发要使用CoreBluetooth框架
    CoreBluetooth框架的核心其实是两个东西,peripheral和central, 可以理解成外设和中心。对应他们分别有一组相关的API和类

    蓝牙设备的几种状态:

    • 准备(standby)
    • 广播(advertising)
    • 监听扫描(Scanning
    • 发起连接(Initiating)
    • 已连接(Connected)

    作为中心模式流程:

    • 建立中心角色
    • 扫描外设(discover)
    • 连接外设(connect)
    • 扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)
      • 获取外设的services
      • 获取外设的Characteristics,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
    • 与外设做数据交互(explore and interact)
    • 订阅Characteristic的通知
    • 断开连接(disconnect)

    作为外设模式流程:

    • 启动一个Peripheral管理对象
    • 本地Peripheral设置服务,特性,描述,权限等等
    • Peripheral发送广告
    • 设置处理订阅、取消订阅、读characteristic、写characteristic的委托方法

    具体实施如下

    • 首先导入工具类, 设置代理
     [BLEManager.shareInstance setDelegate:self];
    
    • 搜索设备
    #pragma mark- 开始搜索
    - (void)beginScan{
        [self.cbCM scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
    }
    
    • 连接设备
    #pragma mark- 连接设备
    - (void)connect:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{
        [self.cbCM stopScan];
        [self.cbCM connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
    }
    
    • 判断是否连接成功
    #pragma mark- 连接成功
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{
        connectPeripheral = peripheral;
        peripheral.delegate = self;
        [peripheral discoverServices:nil];
        if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(didConnectPeripheral:)]) {
            [self.delegate didConnectPeripheral:peripheral];
        }
    }
    #pragma mark- 连接失败
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{
        if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(didFailToConnectPeripheral:error:)]) {
            [self.delegate didFailToConnectPeripheral:peripheral error:error];
        }
    }
    
    • 设置服务和特征
    //发现服务
    - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
        for (CBService *s in peripheral.services) {
            if ([s.UUID.UUIDString isEqualToString:self->serviceUUIDString]) {
                //这里可以通过service的UUID属性来辨识你要的服务
                [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:s];
            }
        }
    }
    //设置特征属性值
    - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{
        for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics) {
            if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:self->notify]]){
                // 订阅, 实时接收
                [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
            }
        }
        for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics) {
            if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:self->write]]){
                self.writeCharacteristic = characteristic;
            }
        }
    }
    
    • 发送数据
    #pragma mark- 发送数据
    - (void)write:(NSData *)data withResponse:(BOOL)withResponse{
        if(!_writeCharacteristic){
            NSLog(@"writeCharacteristic is nil!");
            return;
        }
        [connectPeripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:self.writeCharacteristic type:withResponse ? CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse : CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse];
    }
    
    • 接收回调数据
    #pragma mark- 蓝牙数据接收
    - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
        if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:self->serviceUUIDString]]) {
            NSData *data = characteristic.value;
            if (data) {
                if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(bleGattServiceDataReceived:)]) {
                    [self.delegate bleGattServiceDataReceived:data];
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    • 实时监测蓝牙状态
    #pragma mark- 蓝牙状态的改变
    - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(nonnull CBCentralManager *)central {
        switch (central.state) {
            case CBManagerStateUnknown:
                //未知状态
                break;
            case CBManagerStateResetting:
                //蓝牙重置中
                break;
            case CBManagerStateUnsupported:
                //蓝牙不支持
                break;
            case CBManagerStateUnauthorized:
                //没有权限
                break;
            case CBManagerStatePoweredOff:
                //蓝牙为开启
                break;
            case CBManagerStatePoweredOn:
                //蓝牙已开启
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    

    蓝牙连接操作基本流程即为上文所述, 如需详细代码解析, 请查看demo

    代码地址:代码传送门

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